Environmental Engineering: Water Quality Annotated Bibliography

This annotated bibliography provides a comprehensive overview of water quality research, focusing on rivers and catchments. It includes summaries of several key studies, such as Hounslow (2018) which emphasizes the importance of water quality for industrial development and human consumption, and Martin and McCutcheon (2018) which highlights the impact of livestock and agricultural activities. Ji (2017) discusses the increasing pollution levels in rivers due to human activities, while Boyd (2015) explores methods to improve water quality. Other sources, including Clasen et al. (2015), Suthers et al. (2019), Futter et al. (2016), Liu et al. (2016), Rickert et al. (2016), and Costa et al. (2016), address various aspects like the impact of polluted water on human health, methods of assessing and monitoring water quality, the impact of forest roads, urban water quality prediction, risk management, and integrated solutions for flooding and water quality problems. The bibliography covers a range of factors influencing water quality, from human activities and climate to the effects of industrialization and agricultural practices. The sources propose different solutions to improve water quality and the importance of integrated solutions to flooding and water quality problems.

Running head: WATER QUALITY
Annotated bibliography
Rivers and catchments.
Water quality
Name
ID
Course
Unit
Lecturer

WATER QUALITY 2
Hounslow, A. (2018). Water quality data: analysis and interpretation. CRC press.
Hounslow does his research as an extensive water management analyst to explain water quality.
In his analysis, the author explains that water is an important requirement for industrial
development and human consumption. Apart from that, water forms the essential art of the
environment. However, for the past decades, many people have been demanding for clean water
because of increase in industrialization and growth of human population. It is therefore
necessary to assess the quality of water within the hydro environment. Consequently, the author
explains that there are crucial factors that determine the water quality. Some of these factors
include waste effluent, climate and other human activities around the water catchment areas.
Consequently, from the result of the analysis from the author, people deploy low water quality
measures during dry season as compared to wet season.
Martin, J. L., & McCutcheon, S. C. (2018). Hydrodynamics and transport for water quality
modelling. CRC press.
According to Martin and McCutcheon, the major factors that influence water quality in most
rivers and lakes include livestock and agricultural activities around the area. The livestock waste
comprises of inorganic and organic nitrogen substances which are high water pollutant.
However, Emerenciano, Martínez-Córdova, Martínez-Porchas, & Miranda-Baeza, (2017) argue
that, these pollutants also include high level of nitrogen ammonia-nitrogen and other pathogenic
bacteria. The animal waste lead to severe damage in the environment settings. These waste
material surround the water surfaces, they minimize the amount of oxygen. Consequently, the
waste cause the production of algae to increase within the water surfaces. These activities causes
waste material which affect the quality of water negatively. For instance they lead to some
diseases whereby when human beings consume the water, their health start deteriorating.

WATER QUALITY 3
Ji, Z. G. (2017). Hydrodynamics and water quality: modeling rivers, lakes, and estuaries. John
Wiley & Sons.
Ji talks about the quality of water in rivers and other water catchments areas. According to the
author, for the past five years, several rivers and lakes have showed increase in water pollution
level worldwide. However, from research and analysis done in the past three years, the main
causes of the pollution is human activities. For example industrialization, mining, urbanization
and the agricultural activities. Consequently, Loucks, & Van Beek, (2017) outlined that there are
many changes in relation to the land use. Further, the author elaborates that countries must plan
on how to make use of the available land to prevent water pollution. Apart from the human
activities going around many rivers, the author explains that the population have also increased.
The increase in human population have made the available land inadequate for human
settlement. Man people have extended towards the water catchment areas, however, their
activities in those places negatively influence water quality.
Boyd, C. E. (2015). Water quality: an introduction. Springer.
The main goal of Boyd is to explain ways of improving water quality on rivers and other water
catchment areas. According to the author he has outlined that one main source of water pollution
is human activities around the water catchment areas. Therefore, one main step to take for the
security of water quality is to control the amount of farm detergents that human beings use
around the water catchment areas. The fertilizers contain minerals that reduce the water quality.
For example nitrogen. Another suggestion to improve quality of water is to plant trees around the
streams and hills. The trees will prevent land run-off during the rainy seasons. The country
should also have care planning of its development plan. Proper planning ensures that human
activities have a minimal negative impact on water quality. The last step is to manage the

WATER QUALITY 4
livestock properly b ensuring they drink away from the water point. Drinking around water
source promote direct water pollution.
Clasen, T. F., Alexander, K. T., Sinclair, D., Boisson, S., Peletz, R., Chang, H. H., ... &
Cairncross, S. (2015). Interventions to improve water quality for preventing
diarrhoea. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (10).
The above book aims at elaborating the impact of low quality or polluted water on human
beings. These group of authors elaborate that diarrhoea is one of the prevalent result of several
cases of death especially among infants coming from the third world nations. However, the
agents of the infection associated with diarrhoea come from the contaminated water. Through the
research of several publishers, many rivers from low income countries are contaminated with
faeces. The members of these societies lack the proper way of treating water and that result to
constant diarrhoea cases. These group of authors proposes water quality improvement methods
in these areas. These settings needs source based methods of improving the quality of water.
Some of these ways include building protected ground water which include bore holes, wells and
springs. However, when family rivers, streams and lakes are the only option for the family, they
can implement other methods of improving water quality standards. Such methods comprises of
filtration, oiling, chlorination and solar disinfection. Timely based methods are important to
these families. For example, these authors recommend the society to have an immediate process
of treatment when one fetch water from the rivers. Consequently, there are some rivers or
streams that have constant water. It means that there are high risk of diseases in this places. For
instance, the mosquitoes breed in the water. These animals already compromises the quality of
water. When people fetch the water and drink, they not only contact diarrhoea but also other
waterborne diseases. From the research and analysis these group of authors did, method of

WATER QUALITY 5
improving water quality in one area may not apply to the other. The main factor that determine
the method of improving quality is the cause of water contamination. Many areas face soil
erosion, human activities, industrialization, and animals’ waste as the common causes of water
contamination in the area. Therefore, depending on the cause of pollution people may apply
disinfection, filtration, boiling among other ways. Besides that, the volume of water for treatment
also influence the method of treatment.
Suthers, I., Rissik, D., & Richardson, A. (Eds.). (2019). Plankton: A guide to their ecology and
monitoring for water quality. CSIRO publishing.
The above book talks about ways of assessing and monitoring water quality. The aim of the
assessment is to assist members of the society to manage and ensure that water sources such as
rivers are at good state now and in future. The assessment areas involves biological
characteristics such as algae and bacteria; physical features including colour, sediments and
temperature and lastly chemical characteristics which include acidity and salinity. However,
these authors assess water quality through the laboratory process. They collect water samples
from multiple sources and take it for testing. From the finding of the laboratory test, the water
sources that have numerous activities each day are prone to low quality or pollution. For example
the rivers where there are several recreation activities. If these sources lack frequent water
treatment, the water around these areas increase in salinity hence reducing the quality. It is
unadvisable for human beings to consume the water. In some instances the water lack nutrients
which the human body need. It is also necessary to note that water quality is directly proportion
to the water quantity from the research.

WATER QUALITY 6
Futter, M. N., Högbom, L., Valinia, S., Sponseller, R. A., & Laudon, H. (2016). Conceptualizing
and communicating management effects on forest water quality. Ambio, 45(2), 188-202.
The authors in this book talks about forest roads and their impacts on the quality on water. They
claim that the forested areas need roads to perform crucial functions. However, roads possess
certain negative impacts to the water sources. Some of the challenges include erosion and
interference with sources of water. During the process of crossing the forest, there silt that form
around these roads. These silt end up in roads during rainy season. There are various methods in
which the silt form these include use of culverts and fording. However, the major is river
fording. High amount of downstream silt end up in rivers because every time the lorry is fording,
several contaminates end up to the water sources.
Liu, Y., Zheng, Y., Liang, Y., Liu, S., & Rosenblum, D. S. (2016). Urban water quality
prediction based on multi-task multi-view learning.
The objective of the above book is to predict on water quality. The prediction assist the
department of water in supplying quality water and preventing any attempt of water pollution.
The move is important in coming up with a successful water project. Some of the methods used
in predicting water quality include artificial intelligence and neural network. The main issue with
predicting water quality is the issue of accuracy. The quality of water used in town areas is
compromised due to the industrialisation activities going around the area according to Cosgrove,
& Loucks, (2015). For example, one may find a borehole where mining activities go on daily.
The water is full of minerals that affect the quality. The impact is evident in human body because
one can end up with skin disease. There is also the led metal that proves to be toxic to human
consumption. However, there are cases where the industries are there to filter and treat the
sewage water for human consumption. The process of filtration should be effective because

WATER QUALITY 7
when the chemicals end to human body, it result to unknown infections. From the study done by
the above authors, they applied IABC-BP as the main method of forecasting the water quality.
The test is recommended to be take place under normal conditions. However, there may be
deviation in accuracy.
Rickert, B., Chorus, I., & Schmoll, O. (2016). Protecting surface water for health. Identifying,
assessing and managing drinking-water quality risks in surface-water catchments. World
Health Organization.
The goal of the above book is to outline on the practical guidance on how to identify, assess and
manage risk in relation to water quality issues. The series of the guidance assist in ensuring that
the water that the public drinks is health hence quality life. The guidance is according to the
recommendations from world health organisation. The guidance is divided into four parts which
include septic tanks, farm areas, recreation activities and the disposal of the rubbish. In the farm
areas, one should reduce the amount of the ferlizers and other agricultural chemicals as these
materials end up in water sources. Apart from that, it is important to avoid overgrazing around
water supplies. According to this book, the animals may start drinking directly from sources and
leaving all their waste in the area. When it comes to the septic tanks, it is important to conduct
frequent inspection on the septic tank to ensure that there are no sludge that have built up on the
tank. Consequently, before one disposes the rubbish, one should ensure that the disposal is
appropriate as the waste may end up in water sources. Lastly, where there are recreational, one
should not go with chemicals to the water sources as it ensure that the water maintains high
quality according to Tariq, Lempert, Riverson, Schwartz, & Berg, (2017).

WATER QUALITY 8
Costa, D., Burlando, P., & Priadi, C. (2016). The importance of integrated solutions to flooding
and water quality problems in the tropical megacity of Jakarta. Sustainable Cities and
Society, 20, 199-209.
The quality of water have degraded in many regions across the continent according to the book.
However, the rate of degradation have direct impact to the public health. According to the
authors, quality water support a healthy ecosystem. From the groups that have undertaken the
water quality programs, the book argue that for human beings and animals to maintain a steady
health, they need quality water. The micro-organisms and chemicals when in water put the life of
animals at risk. However, there are various inventions that improve the water quality control
system according to Moriasi, Gitau, Pai, & Daggupati, (2015). Apart from support on the
ecosystem, getting quality water is a challenge in many areas. People have settled in most parts
of the world including the sources of rivers and lakes. The activities calls for constant water
quality mechanisms that assist the people to have quality water around their environment.
Weisberg, S. B., Bednaršek, N., Feely, R. A., Chan, F., Boehm, A. B., Sutula, M., ... & Newton,
J. A. (2016). Water quality criteria for an acidifying ocean: Challenges and opportunities
for improvement. Ocean & coastal management, 126, 31-41.
The discussion in this book is the challenges facing water quality control around the world. From
the readings, the two main challenges include increase in population and emerging pollutants.
Many people have come up with activities that pollute water. For example people have
constructed industries across the rivers. These industries release waste to the rivers causing
germs. The pollutants are expensive to treat. However, water management bodies have
recommended treatment of these waste before they are disposed to the nearing water sources.

WATER QUALITY 9
List of bibliographies
Boyd, C. E. (2015). Water quality: an introduction. Springer.
Clasen, T. F., Alexander, K. T., Sinclair, D., Boisson, S., Peletz, R., Chang, H. H., ... &
Cairncross, S. (2015). Interventions to improve water quality for preventing
diarrhoea. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (10).
Costa, D., Burlando, P., & Priadi, C. (2016). The importance of integrated solutions to flooding
and water quality problems in the tropical megacity of Jakarta. Sustainable Cities and
Society, 20, 199-209.
Futter, M. N., Högbom, L., Valinia, S., Sponseller, R. A., & Laudon, H. (2016). Conceptualizing
and communicating management effects on forest water quality. Ambio, 45(2), 188-202.
Hounslow, A. (2018). Water quality data: analysis and interpretation. CRC press.
Ji, Z. G. (2017). Hydrodynamics and water quality: modeling rivers, lakes, and estuaries. John
Wiley & Sons.
Liu, Y., Zheng, Y., Liang, Y., Liu, S., & Rosenblum, D. S. (2016). Urban water quality
prediction based on multi-task multi-view learning.
Martin, J. L., & McCutcheon, S. C. (2018). Hydrodynamics and transport for water quality
modelling. CRC press.
Weisberg, S. B., Bednaršek, N., Feely, R. A., Chan, F., Boehm, A. B., Sutula, M., ... & Newton, J. A.
(2016). Water quality criteria for an acidifying ocean: Challenges and opportunities for
improvement. Ocean & coastal management, 126, 31-41.

WATER QUALITY 10
Moriasi, D. N., Gitau, M. W., Pai, N., & Daggupati, P. (2015). Hydrologic and water quality
models: Performance measures and evaluation criteria. Transactions of the
ASABE, 58(6), 1763-1785.
Abbaspour, K. C., Rouholahnejad, E., Vaghefi, S. R. I. N. I. V. A. S. A. N. B., Srinivasan, R.,
Yang, H., & Kløve, B. (2015). A continental-scale hydrology and water quality model for
Europe: Calibration and uncertainty of a high-resolution large-scale SWAT
model. Journal of Hydrology, 524, 733-752.
Rickert, B., Chorus, I., & Schmoll, O. (2016). Protecting surface water for health. Identifying,
assessing and managing drinking-water quality risks in surface-water catchments. World
Health Organization.
Suthers, I., Rissik, D., & Richardson, A. (Eds.). (2019). Plankton: A guide to their ecology and
monitoring for water quality. CSIRO publishing.
Emerenciano, M. G. C., Martínez-Córdova, L. R., Martínez-Porchas, M., & Miranda-Baeza, A.
(2017). Biofloc technology (BFT): a tool for water quality management in
aquaculture. Water Quality; InTech: London, UK, 91-109.
Loucks, D. P., & Van Beek, E. (2017). Water resource systems planning and management: An
introduction to methods, models, and applications. Springer.
Cosgrove, W. J., & Loucks, D. P. (2015). Water management: Current and future challenges and
research directions. Water Resources Research, 51(6), 4823-4839.
Tariq, A., Lempert, R. J., Riverson, J., Schwartz, M., & Berg, N. (2017). A climate stress test of
Los Angeles’ water quality plans. Climatic change, 144(4), 625-639.

WATER QUALITY 11
Côté, I. M., Darling, E. S., & Brown, C. J. (2016). Interactions among ecosystem stressors and
their importance in conservation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences, 283(1824), 20152592.
Floress, K., de Jalón, S. G., Church, S. P., Babin, N., Ulrich-Schad, J. D., & Prokopy, L. S.
(2017). Toward a theory of farmer conservation attitudes: Dual interests and willingness
to take action to protect water quality. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 53, 73-80.