PS1107 Lab 3: ANOVA Report: Spending Conditions and Happiness Levels

This report presents an analysis of the relationship between spending habits and psychological well-being, focusing on momentary happiness and life satisfaction. The study employed a quantitative research design, collecting data from 140 participants through questionnaires. The independent variables were spending conditions (materialistic, experiential, time, and gifts), and the dependent variables were momentary happiness and life satisfaction. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that there was no significant difference between momentary happiness and spending conditions. However, a significant difference was found between life satisfaction and spending conditions, indicating that increased spending conditions correlated with higher life satisfaction. The report includes descriptive statistics, frequency tables, ANOVA results, and post hoc tests, providing a comprehensive overview of the study's methodology and outcomes.

PS1107 Lab 3 ANOVA for the
Practical Report

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Rationale of the study..................................................................................................................1
Literature review..........................................................................................................................1
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................2
Participants..................................................................................................................................2
Design..........................................................................................................................................2
Material........................................................................................................................................2
Procedure.....................................................................................................................................3
Data analysis................................................................................................................................3
FINDINGS.......................................................................................................................................3
Descriptive Statistics...................................................................................................................3
Frequency Tables...................................................................................................................4
Research question1:.....................................................................................................................5
ANOVA.......................................................................................................................................5
Descriptives.............................................................................................................................5
Post Hoc Tests.........................................................................................................................6
Research question 2:....................................................................................................................6
ANOVA.......................................................................................................................................7
Descriptives.............................................................................................................................7
Post Hoc Tests.........................................................................................................................7
DISCUSSION.............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Happiness is one of the significant factor that get affected from the various aspects. There
are distinct types of factors which impact the happiness of person so giving emphasis on the
various aspects will be taken into the consideration. In the current era, happiness gets affected
from the various form so that taking appropriate action for the reliable form of g living. The
current study is based on having analyzing the different condition of happiness of four
psychological people so that depth understanding regarding the particular subject matter can be
obtained. It will give emphasis on having the execution of test so that output can be generated to
get deeper insights.
Rationale of the study
The main reason behind conducting the evaluation of current level of happiness of people
is that it gets affected from the various aspects. It is important to get the deeper insights about
the particular emphasis will be provided on momentary and life satisfaction. It will help in
gaining appropriate information so that taking the reliable actions into consideration in order to
get higher relevant results can become possible. It is helpful in gaining the greater insights about
the particular topic so that taking relevant practice can be done to identify the reliable
comparison in which 4 different types of spending on 2 distinct aspects of good life such as
momentary happiness and life satisfaction.
Literature review
According to Pengpid and Peltzer (2019) there are distinct types of the aspects which are
required to be taken into the practice as it has major level of impact on the happiness of person.
Demographic aspects, social aspects, etc. are the few of the crucial factor that is need to be taken
into the practice so that having effective practice so that accomplishing the relevant objective of
living in standardized manner. On the other side, An, and et.al., (2020) said that it can be
articulated that in order to have the good life person focuses on the distinct aspects so that
accomplishing reliable functioning through having proper growth & development via
possessing momentary happiness and life satisfaction.
In the views of Ruggeri and et.al., (2020) for having happy life there are various types of
efforts which are taken by people so that reliable approach for better experience through
managing balance among crucial aspect. These are basically done via having spending like
materialistic, experiential, time, and gifts. In contrast to this, Lara and et.al., (2020) for
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achieving higher stable working position in life person give emphasis on accomplishing good
level of life by achieving satisfaction in most appropriate manner that indicate that various
feelings, related persons and other internal aspects has the major influence on happiness of
people.
METHODOLOGY
Participants
Sample is basically having the proper selection of particular group from the total population.
In addition to this, there are distinct types of techniques which are taken into the consideration
for the purpose of selection of corrective population. In the current study simple random
sampling technique is taken into the procedure for selecting participants. In this study,
researcher has selected 140 people out of which 121 and 19 female and male respectively. In
this information regarding the age, current, momentary happiness and life satisfaction that has
helped in accomplishing the objective of research.
Design
There are distinct types of the research which involves qualitative and quantitative
research (Nayak and Singh, 2021). Qualitative research is related with having the theoretical
information gathering so that accomplishing the objective of particular study. In addition to this,
quantitative research is associated with having collection of numerical and fact based so that
effective accomplishing the objective in structured manner. In current study, researcher has
given focus on having quantitative research design that has aid in gaining competitiveness. In
this the independent variables are spending conditions that are done in form of material,
experience, time and group whereas independent elements are momentary happiness a life
satisfaction.
Material
There are various ways in which the data can be collected for the purpose of having
effective ability to accomplish the objective of assessing effect of 4 different types of spending
of materialistic, experiential, time and gifts on 2 distinct aspects of the good life momentary
happiness and life satisfaction. In this primary method the questionnaire which will be spread
among the chosen selected people so that reliable depth understanding can be achieved. In
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addition to this, there has been attention paid on accomplishing articles, journals and books so
that depth understanding ton supporting the primary information can become possible.
Procedure
There is various form of the practices which are taken into the consideration so that attaining
reliable form of accomplishing of study can be done. In addition to this, for current study the
emphasis has been given on having relevant application of ethical conducting throughout the
collecting & analysing data which helps in evaluation that there are various actions that
voluntary participation, data authentication, etc. is there. These all provide assistance in gaining
the reliable conducting of evaluation which aids in having proper formulation of investigation
without altering any data that presents reliable attaining of information.
Data analysis
In order to get the significant analysis of the collected data so that significant analysis of
gathered information can be obtained (Pandey and Pandey, 2021). There are two ways in which
data gathered can be analysed involves thematic test technique and SPSS. The current research
is associated with having execution of SPSS data analysis technique as it is quantitative
research. On the basis of this it can be articulated that it has helped in gaining the structure and
proper formulated report so that reliable results achieving has become possible. It is helpful in
achieving the reliable format of study that can give significant level of information which is
helpful in accomplishing the particular study. In addition to this, it can be articulated that
ANOVA has been applied for meeting the objective of analysing the information in relevant
pattern that is helping in attaining aim of study.
FINDINGS
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Gender Age
Valid 140 140
Missing 0 0
Mode 2 18.000
Median 2 19.000
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Descriptive Statistics
Gender Age
Mean 1.864286 19.286
Std. Deviation 0.343715 2.932
Skewness -2.15042 4.953
Std. Error of Skewness 0.1817 0.205
Kurtosis 2.662129 28.448
Std. Error of Kurtosis 0.22499 0.407
Minimum 1 18.000
Maximum 2 41.000
Note. Not all values are available for Nominal Text variables
Interpretation: From the above descriptive table, it has been identified that 50% of the
selected participants are female because the median value entails 2 which specified the same.
However, maximum number of participants are 2 which indicated that females are more as
compared to male. Further, the majority of the selected candidate mainly fall at the age group of
18 because the value of median indicated as 18. However, the mean value of the respondents are
19 which means that average number of the people fall under the age group of 18.
Frequencies for Gender
Gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Female 121 86.429 86.429 86.429
Male 19 13.571 13.571 100.000
Missing 0 0.000
Total 140 100.000
Note. Age has more than 10 distinct values and is omitted.
Interpretation: From the table, it has been identified that out of 140 participants only
121 are females and 19 of them are males.
Frequency Tables
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Frequencies for Age
Age Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
18 63 45.000 45.000 45.000
19 53 37.857 37.857 82.857
20 11 7.857 7.857 90.714
21 4 2.857 2.857 93.571
22 2 1.429 1.429 95.000
23 1 0.714 0.714 95.714
25 1 0.714 0.714 96.429
26 1 0.714 0.714 97.143
30 1 0.714 0.714 97.857
33 2 1.429 1.429 99.286
41 1 0.714 0.714 100.000
Missing 0 0.000
Total 140 100.000
Interpretation: Through the above table, it has been identified that from the 140
respondents, 63 of them fall under the age group of 18 and 53 of them are fall under the age
group of 19 and 11 of them are fall within 20 years.
Research question1:
H0: There is no difference between the mean of momentum happiness and spending condition
H1: There is a difference between the mean of momentum happiness and spending condition
ANOVA
ANOVA - Momentary_Happiness
Cases Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p η² η²p
Spending_Condition 6.764 3 2.255 0.689 0.56
0
0.01
5
0.01
5
Residuals 445.029 136 3.272
Note. Type III Sum of Squares
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Descriptives
Descriptives - Momentary_Happiness
Spending_Condition Mean SD N
Experience 5.171 1.886 35
Gift 5.743 1.771 35
Materialistic 5.257 1.915 35
time 5.457 1.651 35
Post Hoc Tests
Standard
Post Hoc Comparisons - Spending_Condition
Mean Difference SE t ptukey
Experience Gift -0.571 0.432 -
1.321
0.55
1
Materialisti
c -0.086 0.432 -
0.198
0.99
7
time -0.286 0.432 -
0.661
0.91
2
Gift Materialisti
c 0.486 0.432 1.123 0.67
6
time 0.286 0.432 0.661 0.91
2
Materialistic time -0.200 0.432 -
0.463
0.96
7
Note. P-value adjusted for comparing a family of 4
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Interpretation: As per the above table, it has been identified that there is an alternative
hypothesis reject because the value of p is greater than 0.05 which means that there is no
difference between the mean value of momentum happiness and spending condition. Also,
through the post hoc table, it has been identified that there is no association between the
spending conditions variable because the value of P tukey is high with the alpha value (0.09 >
0.05) which indicated that there is no difference between the values.
Research question 2:
H0 (Null hypothesis): There is no difference between the life satisfaction and spending
condition.
H1 (Alternative hypothesis): There is a difference between the life satisfaction and spending
condition.
ANOVA
ANOVA - Average
Cases Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p η²p
Spending_Condition 65.552 3 21.851 6.870 < .00
1
0.13
2
Residuals 432.559 136 3.181
Note. Type III Sum of Squares
Descriptives
Descriptives - Average
Spending_Condition Mean SD N
Experience 5.810 1.82
8
3
5
Gift 5.886 1.94
5
3
5
Materialistic 4.514 1.75
7
3
5
7

Descriptives - Average
Spending_Condition Mean SD N
time 4.448 1.58
4
3
5
Post Hoc Tests
Standard
Post Hoc Comparisons - Spending_Condition
Mean Difference SE t ptukey
Experience Gift -0.076 0.426 -0.179 0.998
Materialistic 1.295 0.426 3.038 0.015
time 1.362 0.426 3.195 0.009
Gift Materialistic 1.371 0.426 3.217 0.009
time 1.438 0.426 3.373 0.005
Materialistic time 0.067 0.426 0.156 0.999
Note. P-value adjusted for comparing a family of 4
Interpretation: Through the above table, it has been identified that there is a significant
difference between the mean value of variable because the value of p is 0.00 which is lower
than the standard criteria. As a result, alternative hypothesis accepted and this entails that when
the spending condition of the people is increases then there will be increase in the chances of life
satisfaction. With the help of post hoc table, it has been identified that the relationship between
experience and materialistic, time is good because the value of ptukey is lower than 0.05 which
indicated that it provide accurate result. Further, it can be stated that there is a direct association
between the variable i.e. gift-materialistic and time. This is so because the value of p is lower
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than the standard criteria and this in turn shows that the alternative hypothesis is accepted and
that is why, there is a positive effect between the variable.
DISCUSSION
From the evaluation of question one it can be said that there is null hypothesis which
depicts that there no difference between the mean of momentum happiness and spending
condition. In addition to this, it can be said that there is acceptance of alternative hypothesis
which shows that there is a difference between the life satisfaction and spending condition. It
can be supported with the statement of Shin and Kim (2018) that there are different types of the
factors which helps in having the appropriate evaluation that there is no difference between the
momentum happiness and spending condition. Life spending is dependent the distinct types of
various which comprises possessing higher income, good life style, etc. in addition to this, it can
be mentioned that life satisfaction is having major level of life satisfaction and spending
condition. Life satisfaction is highly dependent on various aspects which tend to influence the
overall processing of person livings style. Spending pattern is one of the major factor that is
required to be taken into the consideration as it has the major level of influence on life
satisfaction of person. On the basis of this it can be articulated that there is a difference between
the life satisfaction and spending condition. On the other side, it can be said that there is no
difference in mean of momentum happiness and spending condition which shows that it does not
get affected from this. On the basis of overall findings it can be said that life satisfaction is get
affected from spending condition.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
An, H. Y. and et.al., 2020. The relationships between physical activity and life satisfaction and
happiness among young, middle-aged, and older adults. International journal of
environmental research and public health. 17(13). p.4817.
Lara, R. and et.al., 2020. Psychosocial resources for hedonic balance, life satisfaction and
happiness in the elderly: A path analysis. International journal of environmental
research and public health. 17(16). p.5684.
Nayak, J.K. and Singh, P., 2021. Fundamentals of research methodology problems and
prospects. SSDN Publishers & Distributors.
Pandey, P. and Pandey, M.M., 2021. Research methodology tools and techniques. Bridge
Center.
Pengpid, S. and Peltzer, K., 2019. Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and life satisfaction,
happiness and perceived health status in university students from 24
countries. International journal of environmental research and public
health. 16(12). p.2084.
Ruggeri, K. and et.al., 2020. Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: a
multidimensional analysis of 21 countries. Health and quality of life
outcomes. 18(1). pp.1-16.
Shin, J. E. and Kim, J. K., 2018. How a good sleep predicts life satisfaction: The role of zero-
sum beliefs about happiness. Frontiers in psychology. 9. p.1589.
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