Gram-Negative Bacteria: Assessing the Antibacterial Resistance Threat

This report examines the escalating threat of antibacterial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria to global health, emphasizing contributing factors such as misuse of antibiotics, poor sanitation, and lack of access to clean water. It highlights specific examples of resistant bacteria like Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, along with antimicrobials and drug classes like cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and colistin. The report discusses resistance mechanisms, including β-lactamases and alterations in bacterial membranes. It also addresses strategies to tackle this issue, such as investment in new antimicrobial medicines, improved diagnostics, and coordinated multisectoral approaches involving governments, organizations, and the public, to promote responsible antibiotic use and better health outcomes. The report concludes by advocating for collective action to mitigate the threat and ensure global progress in combating antibacterial resistance.