Comprehensive Report on Antihistamines and Decongestants Drugs

This report provides an overview of antihistamines and decongestants, detailing their mechanisms of action, uses, and potential side effects. It discusses three specific medications: azelastine, carbinoxamine, and desloratadine, including their FDA approval dates, indications for use, and special considerations for patients. The report also covers the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs, emphasizing the importance of consulting with a doctor before use. The student's personal comments and conclusions highlight the effectiveness of these medications in treating allergies and the necessity of following prescribed dosages and precautions. References to relevant studies are included, providing a comprehensive understanding of antihistamines and decongestants.

Anti histamines and
Decongestes

INTRODUCTION
 Antihistamines are medicines which are used for treating
allergic rhinitis and other allergies.
 A person can be relieved with antihistamines when
he/she is suffering from nasal congestion, sneezing or
hives due to pollen or animal allergy.
 People can use antihistamines as a short-term treatment.

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 A decongestant is a type of pharmaceutical medicine
that is utilized to alleviate from nasal congestion in the
upper respiratory tract.
 In most decongestants the active ingredient is either
pseudoephedrine or phenylrphrine.
 Decongestants can be absorbed from the nose by
making use of inhaler and it ma results in systemic
effects such as CNS stimulation and increase in blood
pressure.

3 medications that can be used for
antihistamines and decongestants
 Azelastine
 Carbinoxamine
 Desloratadine

Azelastine
 It was approved by FDA in October 15th ,2008
 This drug is used to ease the signs of allergy in the eye.
 This is a type of antihistamine medication.
 It works by blocking certain natural substances called
histamines that are accountable for allergic symptoms.

Mechanism of action
 It is a phthalazine derivative, is an antihistamine and
mast cell stabilizer available as a nasal spray for hay
fever and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis.
 It is also available as a combination product of
azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate
called Dymista™
 Dymista™ is indicated in patient over 12 years old for
symptomatic relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Indications/use
 It is used to ease allergy signs in the eye.
 This medicine need to be used in the affected eyes as
directed by the doctor usually twice a day.

Precautions/Side effects
Side effects of antihistamine are as follows-:
 Drowsiness.
 Dizziness.
 Nausea and vomiting.
 Restlessness or moodiness (in some children)
 Trouble peeing or not being able to pee.
 Blurred vision.

The commonly used drugs
 Optivar and Oculast eye drops comes in the category of
azelastine drugs.
 The price of optivar is lower in comparison with oculast
eye drops.
 Pharmacokinetics is the study of what the body does to
the drug.
 On the other hand , Pharmacodynamics is the study of
what the drug does to the body.