Apple Inc. Innovation: Managing Information Systems Report Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Apple Inc.'s management of information systems and its impact on innovation. It begins with an introduction to information systems and their role in decision-making, using Apple Inc. as a case study. The main body explores examples of Apple's innovative use of information technology, including the Apple Push Notification Service, Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging, the App Store, and iWork.com, detailing how these technologies have contributed to the company's success. The report then discusses lessons learned from these examples, emphasizing the importance of continuous improvement and learning from mistakes. Furthermore, the report examines the impact of both internal and external factors on the success of IT/IS-enabled innovation within Apple. Finally, it concludes with recommendations for organizations seeking to leverage information systems for innovation and provides a summary of key findings. This report is a valuable resource for understanding how information systems drive innovation in a leading technology company.

Managing Information
System

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................4
Examples of usage of information system or information technology for innovation...............4
Lessons learned from example....................................................................................................6
Impact of internal & external factors on success of IT/IS enabled innovation...........................8
Guidelines and recommendations for assisting organisation......................................................9
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................................10

Introduction
Information system is defined as gathering of various pieces of equipment which are
involved within dissemination of data. It denotes components that are being utilised for
collection, creation, storage, processing as well as distribution of information (Bard, Apple Inc,
2013). They involves software, hardware, data and system users. Managing information system
can be utilised for formulation of decisions with respect to data related with organisation. This
report is based on Apple Inc. which is a public organisation and was founded on 1st April, 1976
by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne & Steve Wozniak. It is an American technology company which
renders their services in designing, development as well as selling of computer software,
electronics along with online services.
Main Body
Examples of usage of information system or information technology for innovation.
The scrutiny of complementary networks of software and hardware that firms and people
utilise for collection, filtering, processing, creation and distribution of data is defined as
information system or technology. Apple Inc. is known for providing incomparable software and
hardware (Berson and et. al, 2013). They brought in the introductory personal computer system
and at present scenario they deliver their services worldwide with wide range of products like
iPod, Macintosh, iPad, iPhone, watch, Apple Pay, icloud and various others. They have attained
this through making use of technology for bringing in new services. Uniqueness which is
brought in by firm or any individual is referred to innovation. Creativity which is brought in by
Apple Inc. are illustrated below: Apple push notification service:This is platform for notification services that is being
provided by firm as an innovation within their smart devices. Through this, Apple Inc.
allow third party developers for sending notifications to application which are being
installed on Apple devices. The innovation which was brought in through usage of
technology involves sending of custom text alerts, newsstand updates or badges. It is

highly efficient, secured and robust service for app developers for propagation of
information (Huang, Fischer and Pylappan, Apple Inc, 2013). By utilisation of
technology, system will be able to automatically set up encrypted, accredited as well as
will develop continual IP connection among APNs and application. Here, for
developing a secured channel among them needs development of account as well as
make use of cryptographic certificates. APN's are liable for conveying correspondent
notification payloads for every targeted device. By receiving it, the system will render
payload for appropriate app within device along with this interaction is also managed
with users. It comprises of quality of service component that re liable for performing
store & forward functions (Laudon, and Laudon, 2015). APNs are liable for enforcing
end-to-end cryptographic authentication & validation so that unauthorised person do not
get access to what notifications are being sent. The maximum size which is allowed for
payload notification are sent through binary interface was to 2 kilobytes from 256 bytes. Apple type services for unicode imaging: It implies technology which is utilised behind
text drawings that are made within Mac OS X. This is Mac OS set of services that is
being utilised for delivering Unicode-encoded text along with enhanced typographic
features. It is liable for handling diverse complexities within text layout and involves
appropriate furnishing of text within bidirectional as well as vertical script systems. It is
crucial for developers who are responsible for writing new word processing applications
or text editors which will be rendering Unicode-encoded text (Laudon and Laudon,
2016). This can be utilised by users in case they want to make some alterations within
the existent application for supporting Unicode text furnishing. ATSUI (Apple type
services for Unicode Imaging) is rendered by Apple Inc. for allowing fine control above
layout features. For an instance, individual can precisely position lines of text along
with glyphs and draw Unicode text. This can be done at any rotational angle which also
includes vertically. It renders text-processing services in case when MLTE (Multilingual
Text Engine) is not enough for delivering their liabilities. Along with this, within this
innovation has provided access for Quartz text effects which are being attained from
Carbon within the Mac OS X.
 App store: A digital distributed platform which is formulated and preserved by Apple
Inc. within iOS operating system that is within their mobile apps is defined as app store.

It enables users within browsing as well as downloading applications which are being
developed by software development kit (Tokutomi, Seiko Epson Corp, 2018). This
innovation was brought in by Apple Inc. on 10th July, 2008 and at initial stage around
500 applications were made available. The purpose behind this was to monetising apps
and they ranged from paid, free with in-application purchases and free. Furthermore, in
context of users, it was made easier to access in which they will be able to find out new
apps which are being brought in. Basically, an online store that is being utilised for
purchasing as well as downloading mobile and software applications for Apple devices
and computers is referred to as Apple app store. It comes in build within iPod touch,
iPad and iPhone (Toprani, Apple Inc, 2015). This is the only way which is provided by
Apple for downloading native iOS application without any kind of jailbreaking the
device. The revenue which is attained by paid or free with in-app purchase is shared in
between Apple and software developer at the ratio of around 3:7 which implies that 30
percent is with firm and 70 percent of amount is with developers of the applications.
 iWork.com: An office suite of application that is being formulated by Apple Inc. for
their iOS and macOS operating system which is accessible with cross platform via
iCloud website is referred to iwork. Apple Inc has brought in this innovation to provide
their users with enhanced options which comprises of word processing, presentation
program, spreadsheet application numbers and desktop publishing application pages
(Toyoshima, Sony Corp and Sony Electronics Inc, 2013). It acts as a office suite which
targets home as well as small businesses with minimum features as compared to their
competitors like LibraOffice project (is an open source) and Microsoft office for Mac
but furnishes their users with simpler interface, built-in options in connection with
iCloud and strong touchscreen support along with options for management of iPhoto.
The goal of Apple Inc. behind creation of iWork for allowing Mac users for creation of
attractive spreadsheets and documents through utilisation of macOS's extensive font
libraries, AppleScript automation framework, sophisticated graphical API's along with
unified spelling checker. Apple Inc. provide their users with tools through which they
can enhance their work. This can be understood by taking an example like pages will
allow individuals within creation of sensational-looking documents as well as select a
template as per the requirement and add extra key points like images, charts, etc.

Some innovations which have been brought by Apple Inc. through the usage of
technology has been illustrated above but there lies many more which are rendered by firm
(Vacca, 2013). This is carried out by them to provide their customers with an ease for accessing
different aspects which are crucial for them within day to day life. It also implies that technology
along with innovation plays a critical role to deliver their services.
Lessons learned from example.
Information system or technology plays important role within conversion of an idea into
a reality. This can be understood by an example like app store is brought up by Apple for
providing their customer with an option to develop applications. But this would not be possible
without technology as some kind of programming languages are being utilised for development
of software (Wawrzyniak and Hyla, 2014). Various lessons are being learnt when something or
new innovations are brought within the market and it must be ensured that problems which were
faced within development of application in present time must be taken into consideration while
bringing in some other app or devices. This can be understood by taking an example like within
Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging it was identified that some characters were missing
from the font function which is being provided by Apple Inc. From this, development team of
Apple Inc. has learnt that each and every aspect associated with features which are being
delivered by them must be cross verified so that all the necessary operations which has to be
carried out by specified feature must be added (White, 2015).
An other instance can be considered for acknowledging that it is necessary to learn from
mistakes. Within the Apple's Mac App Store some things went wrong but they were being
noticed after providing services to their customers. In this, the major limitation was of
sandboxing (the software management strategy which is responsible for isolating applications
from any kind of cavilling resources or other programs which are violable) which possess ability
to limit application and files which are accessed. This is great in context of security of devices
but do possess some drawback. An example can be taken into account, VirusBarrier Scanner
denotes free version for Intego's anti- virus solution is responsible for scanning as well as
checking files which exist within the folder of user (Wu and et. al, 2016). As restrictions are
imposed or forced by Apple Inc., the files cannot be scanned from elsewhere which exist within
the device of individual like it cannot be identified that position in which malware is installed

along with this, it do not render real-time scanning of malware. This implies that it is not an
appropriate option for protecting devices from any kind of danger that is being delivered through
usage of internet. Furthermore, all applications provided within this are not free but the
option which is being provided by software developers of Apple Inc. is free trail. This assist
there user to identify which application will entirely fulfil their requirements. The apps present
within app store do not render discounted upgrades which can act as costly for their users. It is
obvious that when applications are not updated then there lie some loopholes through which
intruder can get into their device and integrity will be lost (Bard, Apple Inc, 2013). Therefore, it
is important that upgrades must be taken into consideration. Along with this, Apple Inc. needs to
ensure that appropriate discounts or offers are given to their customers so that people are
satisfied by services which are being provided to them.
Impact of internal & external factors on success of IT/IS enabled innovation.
The way in which firm deliver their services get affected through different factors, either
they can be internal or external. They have been illustrated below:
Internal factors: They include components which are present inside the organisation and
creates a peculiar impact on their operations is referred to as internal factors. They have been
specified below:
Organisational: They denotes the working environment which exists in the firm like
culture, structure, etc. which prevails within. If hierarchical structure exist within then each
individual is liable for responding to their seniors, they will tell to their seniors and hierarchy
will continue (Berson and et. al, 2013). This will lead to delay within the formulation of
decisions which will definitely create pessimistic impact on the ways in which actions are being
taken by Apple Inc.
Individual: Each person have their own perceptions related with what they have to do
and how it can be carried out. But when they are being ordered for everything then they might be
demotivated which will lead them either to leave or work as per it is said to them. Within Apple
Inc. different culture prevails where each individual is valued and their opinions are taken into
account to give them feeling of that they are crucial aspects.
Management: If top employees of Apple Inc. are not cooperative and do not provide
effectual solutions to their employees then there will be negative impact on overall services and
the ways in which they are being delivered (Huang, Fischer and Pylappan, Apple Inc, 2013).

External factors: They denotes the elements which are present outside the firm and
creates the influence on their performance. These factors are specified below:
Political factors: The issues which exist in between China and US is declining the
performance as well as shares of Apple within the Chinese market. If tariffs of United States
enhances on the imports that are made by Chinese then Apple Inc. will have pessimistic impact
in terms of they have to pay high taxes to the government.
Economic factors: Apple Inc. has noticed diverse constituents with respect to this aspect,
they are, currency, recession and inflation. The products offered by Apple Inc. are seen as luxury
which implies they are costly so customers started spending less (Laudon, and Laudon, 2015).
Social factors:Products of Apple Inc. has made their presence within the international
market as without gadgets world cannot be anticipated. Possessing services rendered by Apple
Inc. Are considered as status symbols which lead to increased sales.
Technological factors: Technology has lower lifetime which implies that Apple Inc.
needs to upgrade to newer updates so that they can stand out from their competitors present
within the market (Laudon and Laudon, 2016).
Guidelines and recommendations for assisting organisation.
Apple Inc. has strong brand image and innovation is brought up by them for being strong
within the market by launching new products. It is recommended that, various challenges are
being faced by them within the market while rendering their services in the global market. They
need to be aggressive in terms of rapid innovation for development of their products. This also
creates an affirmative impact on ways in which services are being offered as in case of any kind
of problems or critical situations, by taking innovative ideas from their employees might assist
them within formulation of effective solution. This will lead them to address requirements of
their employees in an impelling manner. Along with this, when the app is within development
phase the feedback must be taken to ensure that needs of individuals are addressed. Furthermore,
in case anything is still missing them they are liable to remove it from app store so that the
reviews attained can be implemented and its update can be made available to individuals.
Conclusion
From above it can be concluded that technology plays crucial role in the way organisation
deliver their services. For this, it is necessary that firm remains updated with respect to

technologies which are being offered within the market. Furthermore, innovations which are
brought up the organisation must be as per what customers are anticipating like it must be
thought from the perspectives of an individual rather than from standing out among their
competitors. Along with this, all the factors must be considered which will create a pessimistic
impact on way the services are being delivered.

References
Books & Journals
Bard, B.A., Apple Inc, 2013. Reducing annoyance by managing the acoustic noise produced by
a device. U.S. Patent 8,515,095.
Berson, B.L., Bialecki, L.J. and Buck, P.A., Supersonic Aerospace International LLC,
2013. System and method for customizing multiple windows of information on a display.
U.S. Patent 8,484,576.
Huang, R.K., Fischer, M. and Pylappan, S., Apple Inc, 2013. Managing a location database for
network-based positioning system. U.S. Patent 8,433,334.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2015. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital
Firm Plus MyMISLab with Pearson eText--Access Card Package. Prentice Hall Press.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016. Management information system. Pearson Education
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Tokutomi, F., Seiko Epson Corp, 2018. Information management system and method for
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Toprani, S.S., Apple Inc, 2015. Method and apparatus for managing visual information. U.S.
Patent 9,092,128.
Toyoshima, A., Sony Corp and Sony Electronics Inc, 2013. Wireless modem module server
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Vacca, J.R. ed., 2013. Managing information security. Elsevier.
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Springer, Cham.
White, J.D., 2015. Managing information in the public sector. Routledge.
Wu, H. and et. al, 2016. An innovative approach to managing demolition waste via GIS
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