MMB7005M: Leading Innovation and Cultural Change at Apple - Report

This report analyzes Apple's innovation and cultural change, examining its background, organizational structure, and current innovation processes, including product, position, and paradigm innovations. It critically evaluates these processes with reference to relevant theories. The report also outlines potential macro and micro environmental changes impacting the organization, utilizing EST and SWOT analyses. Based on these findings, the report makes recommendations for how Apple should lead and manage innovation and change in 2021 and beyond. The analysis covers Apple's product development, market position, and the impact of external factors, providing a comprehensive overview of the company's innovation strategies and future challenges. The report emphasizes the importance of adapting to technological advancements and changing consumer behaviors to maintain a competitive edge.

Leading Innovation
and Cultural Change

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
1. Background of the company and the nature of its organisation..............................................1
2. Detail and critically evaluate the current process for innovation present within the
organisation. Including examples to evidence the current innovation process. Evaluate the
current process of innovation with reference to relevant theories and concepts of innovation...2
3. Briefly outline any current or potential (5 – 10 years in the future) potential macro and
micro environmental changes which may impact the organisation.............................................3
4. Based on your findings from points 2, 3 and 4 above make recommendations on how the
organisation should lead and manage innovation and change in 2021 and beyond....................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
In context of generate thoughts and turn them into sustainable improvements, workers ought
to be supported and promoted in developing and disclosing their creative capability. Change,
creation and innovation aren't innovative theories inside the structure of organisational growth.
The beyond few decades have regarded the development of various theoretical model aiming to
increase the way via which commercial enterprise features. Change requires both innovation and
introduction. The skill of innovation is one of the key components in the contention and of any
assignment. Innovation can be defined as the recognition of the improvement probabilities to
design new commodities, offerings and system. Also, it could be a method of transforming new
thoughts and the options to place those mind inside the system (Lei and et. Al., 2019). It may be
an activity, rational process and evolutionary technique that require intensive conversation and
collaboration between diverse sports. Each innovation starts off evolved from a brand new
thought of converting something or making improvement. There are several kind of introduction
are taken location via numerous enterprise venture for his or her numerous targets and all
improvements require certain changes like exchange in era, change in supply plans, modification
on frameworks and others. For the completion of this assessment Apple is the corporation that's
taken in to consideration. It is a creative enterprise challenge which is performing its commercial
enterprise actions and process mainly enterprise region. This written document will consist
information about the organisation and its innovation. Also, it'll give an explanation for
approximately the modern-day innovation, performance and abilities of the business
establishment. Moreover, specific idea of the approaches of innovation, alternate and
conceptions of administration as well as direct modernization and trade may also outline.
MAIN BODY
1. Background of the company and the nature of its organisation
Apple is an American worldwide organization that's running its commercial enterprise
occupation along with a cellphone and other manufacturing. Company is jogging its sports in US
wherein it's far appearing in enterprise surroundings high support in innovative components as
consistent with it. In order to this, there may be use of different purposes which can be related. It
turned into integrated in 1976 by way of Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne (Davenport and
Bean, 2018). It is produced diverse commodity which incorporates all those products and
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services that are used to achieve commercial enterprise objectives. It encompass Macintosh,
iPhone, Home Pod, iWork, Final cut Pro, App Store, Apple New+ and others. Thus, organization
is the usage of characteristic efficient characteristic which connected to achieve enterprise
pursuits and acting enterprise according to modernization in business atmosphere. It is influence
for Apple to attraction numerous focused human beings and carries out its role in extra amended
shape.
2. Detail and critically evaluate the current process for innovation present within the
organisation. Including examples to evidence the current innovation process. Evaluate the
current process of innovation with reference to relevant theories and concepts of
innovation
Product- The particular firm is also global level firm which is operating its business at
international scale. It is observed that company needs to use effective function that there is
priority role. Some of the main creative goods offer by this firm is that can be produced to attain
its set business objectives and hit the establish targets. It is adequate where establishment uses
some of which make them effective at marketplace are begun (Lachlan, Ratmann and Nowicki,
2018). IPhone is the greatest and innovative creation which is find by means of Apple to sale to
its customer. It acts including a series of products that is related to appearing feature and the
usage of powerful way. Within this, it has amalgamation of each iPod and clever telephone. In
context of it, business enterprise has several model of this phone and continually they come up
with new innovation. IPod is likewise any other satisfactory product that's used by the challenge
to tasks its characteristic and the usage of this in reference to draw goal audiences. In context of
this business enterprise in cutting-edge quantity of function which can be related to iPod, Nano,
iPod contact and plenty of greater.
Process- It is a significant procedure that is associated to use of good that is connected to
perform commerce role and utilising these factors as per the venture product and services.
Within it, establishment is using appropriate system which enable organisation in utilising
diverse function according to availability of resources. It is also observed that there are numerous
sympathetic functions which are utilised to attain business aims and execute utility in adequate
way. It also assists in accomplishing business goals and executing task according to the need.
Also it is used to conduct meeting and perform function according organisational commerce
operation.
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Position- It can be described as that system that related to reaching commercial enterprise
ambitions thru administrating separate machine in commercial enterprise surroundings. It is
related to feature that can be achieved in reference to reaching commercial enterprise dreams
(Duan, Cao and Edwards, 2020). In context of it, Apple is likewise appearing its operation in
efficient form in which establishment is accomplishing enterprise aims and acting function as in
line with it. Here, it is converting new marketplace that is critical to status quo in handling
position according the desires. Also, it is positioned as a luxury logo that makes wide variety of
emotional connection and loyalty among its target people.
Paradigm- It can be complicated because those task that is connected to using the tools and
techniques which will enables in accomplishing set objectives and hitting establish targets as
well as performing these function as per the business. It is connected to attaining business aims
and executing these motives. It is also described that there are several functions which are linked
to executing company system. It is observed that Apple is using and adopting paradigm in their
process so that they can develop and trade goods in more improved form.
In form of Innovative presentation, iPod classic is first creation that's added via Apple in 12
months 2006. It is first of very own kind items which is landed within this compilation. It is
likewise assessed that there are diverse characteristic inside this magnificence that company is
using function according to contemporary desires. The key attributes of these merchandise are
works as primary transportable media player which have black and white LCD screen. It has
potential of 5GB of recollection for storing songs (Zhou and et. Al., 2020). It also has approx one
thousand audio tracks which might be in MP3 mode or format. IPone is associated with
performing feature that's used to achieve enterprise goals and walking commercial enterprise
procedures. It is also proven that there are number of movements which are completed thru
corporation. Now unique business enterprise is providing with range of new progressive
capabilities in iPhone. With this specific product, organization is capable of earn $8 billon f
profitability and $786 million internet earnings.
IPad also related to ding characteristic and the usage of those component consistent with
business aim. In this, iPad firstly launched in 2010 that is aspectual characteristic wherein 7.Nine
inches are and is associated with fulfilment of commerce desires and objectives. Apple is a
innovative firm that is performing its business movements and operation in the market via using
progressive purposes. There are several of recent traits and goods which can be brought and
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offered by using Apple that consist those functions. It is also unobserved that there are numerous
components which can be connected and associated to attainment of commercial enterprise
ambitions.
3. Briefly outline any current or potential potential macro and micro environmental changes
which may impact the organisation
In respect to assess present presentation and ability of a business form such as Apple,
there are diverse conceptions and methods that can be included in appropriate manner. In
reference to Apple, they adopt EST analysis for measuring performance and SWOT analysis in
respect of analyse skills which they adopt in respect of acquiring innovation in developed
manner.
EST analysis- It demotes to blow of economical, communal and technical components that will
create influence on the commerce in ineffective or effective form (Geels, 2018). It is important
for an establishment to increase their strategy consequently so that they can analyse efficiency of
improvement at their performance.
Economical factor- Cause of this aspect maximisation in labour charge is maximised at
China and some commodities of particular organisation face in minimise situation. Moreover,
due to sturdy economical condition and currency rate, growth in exchange rate that develop
financial plan of Apple for running commerce in some establishments such as Europe and China
etc. But due to creativity and machinery utilised through specific venture, they get development
chances to improve their commerce in more adequate form at diverse destination.
Social factor- The goods and facilities urbanized through specific corporation market
themselves at global marketplace such as an important venture. Also, if an individual is using
goods and services of Apple then it will emerge like a status mark (Jones and et. al., 2019). So
that they produce innovative products in order to attract several consumers. It will also enable in
recognising development opportunity for specific enterprise. In present time, purchasing power
of customer is developed reason through which they get troubled to purchase costly creative
commodities that are inventive and exclusive.
Technical factor- It is needed for a corporation to accept technologies in efficient manner
so that they can be a focus for range of consumers. In context of Apple, the administration of the
firm utilises and executes new technology which enable them in producing innovative goods that
are capable in getting attention of product and service users as well as make them loyal so that
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they are retain with the firm till term. There is some of that sort of goods of Apple are Apple TV,
iPod, iPhone, App Store and others.
SWOT analysis- The management of the particular organisation can also consider this analysis
to analyse the capability, weakness, development options and risks. The description of this
concept in context of Apple is defined as below:
Strengths-
 Apple has strong brand image as well as have a number of its trustworthy customer due
to its good consumer experience.
 Also, the specific enterprise also provides efficient services to its target people who
enable in retaining service users and main concentration of research and development.
Weaknesses-
 The key weakness of Apple is that the establishment offer luxurious merchandise and for
which it charge excessive and premium expenses and target center and excessive income
institution of individuals (Azeiteiro, Leal Filho and Aires, 2018).
 Low earnings purchasers cannot pay for those commodities in simpler manner.
 Along with this, whilst customer buy an Apple product then they penetrate the Apple
universe as those commodities do no longer preserve different software or technologies in
time period of making them mismatched with other manner.
Opportunities-
 In Apple, the management can enlarge their distribution community that could make high
revenue and sale.
 The agency can superb from industrious marketing and advertising and promotions.
 The employer can also commence and initiate clever wearable technology that enables
the company in maximising income (Malinsky-Buller and Hovers, 2019).
 In modern-day time, the requirement of impartial is growing quickly. Apple has the skill
which is required to deliver self driving car gadget in place of completely practical self
sustaining or electric powered vehicles.
Threats-
 Along with this, the agency also suffers a few threats like competition.
 Because there are numerous rivals in the unique enterprise industry that create excessive
opposition for particular firm and create effect on its financial condition and sales.
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 Apple is extraordinarily reliant on China for its industrialized and supply chain.
 The corona virus eruption has considerably stimulated and can stable to interrupt the
income of the respective firm in upcoming time or inside economic yr 2021.
In Apple, the management can extend their distribution community that could generate high
revenue and sale. The agency can superb from diligent advertising and marketing and
promotions. The employer can also launch and introduce clever wearable technology that
enables the company in maximising income (Malinsky-Buller and Hovers, 2019). In modern-day
time, the need of impartial is growing quickly. Apple has the skillability which is required to
deliver self driving car gadget in place of completely practical self sustaining or electric powered
vehicles. Along with this, the agency also suffers a few threats like competition. Because there
are numerous rivals in the unique enterprise industry that create excessive opposition for
particular firm and create effect on its financial condition and sales. Apple is extraordinarily
reliant on China for its industrialized and supply chain. The corona virus eruption has
considerably stimulated and can stable to interrupt the income of the respective firm in upcoming
time or inside economic yr 2021.
Their capabilities and sources that permit them to benefit more aggressive blessings. With the
assistance of it, in addition they able to get interest of variety of customers in context of expand
profits and revenue as well as market rate. The key weakness of Apple is that the establishment
offer luxurious merchandise and for which it charge excessive and premium expenses and target
center and excessive income institution of individuals (Azeiteiro, Leal Filho and Aires, 2018).
Low earnings purchasers cannot pay for those commodities in simpler manner. Along with this,
whilst customer buy an Apple product then they penetrate the Apple universe as those
commodities do no longer preserve different software or technologies in time period of making
them mismatched with other manner. Though, Apple is capable of apprehend their capabilities
and sources that permit them to benefit more aggressive blessings. With the assistance of it, in
addition they able to get interest of variety of customers in context of expand profits and revenue
as well as market rate.
Organisational structure- It refers to the framework which is followed and considered
by an establishment in term of operating its business activities and operation in systematic
manner. In Apple, the management of the company considered hierarchical organisational
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structure in which they classified entire sector and entrust the power so that they can perform and
execute their task and project in more effective manner.
Culture- It is another ability of Apple and the business culture that is accepted by specific
company is that they offer similar treatment to their whole employees and consider
recommendations of their staffs (Schofield and et. al., 2018). In addition to it, they also
comprehend and expand policies and process according to the need of individual of the
company.
Leadership- In Apple, the management form which is accepted through it is democratic
leadership style. Within it, they engage their team member and workers in assessment making
procedure. By which employees fell inspired and utilise their al effectiveness and efficiency for
attaining their set objectives and aims.
Financial ability- In context of economic development of Apple is that in 2016, they are
developing approx $2.8 billion and now they are budding budget of $59 billion. Along with this,
the other earning or expenditures is of $300 million.
Human resource- In context of this, there are estimate 132000 employees are performing their
duties and responsibilities as well as employed by the company on full time base. These
employees are greatly knowledgeable, skilled and talented that enable in attaining the establish
objectives of company and hitting the set target of it (Uyarra and et. al., 2020). It will also
motivate employees which lead to attainment of work in adequate and appropriate manner.
4. Based on your findings from points 2, 3 and 4 above make recommendations on how the
organisation should lead and manage innovation and change in 2021 and beyond.
In term of look at the circumstances of gift role of business area (the industry in 2019) in
Apple is functioning, the administrator can obtain different models and hypothesis. Here, the
administration of precise firm can utilise Porter’s five force model through which an
organization capable to apprehend its competitive development and magnetism. It is urbanized
by using Michael E. Porter. This idea is deemed through a business enterprise a good way to
fastidious commercial enterprise commerce. In Apple, the supervisor conducts willpower of
Smartphone business so that it will recognise about its usefulness.
Threats of new entrants- Hardware and software quarter is one of the industrial and main
industries. In this pressure, the risk of new entrants is low due to various cause such because it
crucial greater finances that aren't potential for every and every task. In precise enterprise
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customer’s faithfulness is excessive in context of modern brand. At this industry, organizations
need to balance to adopt new and innovative equipment which isn't capability for every business
enterprise that newly entrance at market so the threat is low.
Bargaining power of suppliers- It is mild purposely venture industry. There are
predominant two types of dealers in this commerce this is producer of hardware as well as
software developer. Regarding this, there are numerous belongings that extend software for a
company so here negotiating electricity of dealer is less or low (Kanger and Schot, 2019). But
there may be little software improves that expand advent and ingenious machinery cause of that
their bargaining authority of those dealers is excessive. So by means of measuring both the
circumstances it can be close that the bargaining manipulate of providers is cheap.
Bargaining power of buyers- It states to the state of affairs when patron get extensive
wide variety of chances of equal commoditise and forces. In order to hardware and software,
bargaining have an impact on of buyers is unnecessary as there are diverse mission that proffer
similar type of goods. So on this circumstance customer get numerous alternatives so that it will
bargain so that it will getting powerful excellence merchandise at much less fee.
Rivalry establishments- It refers to the condition when there is amount of competitors to
be had in the marketplace and that they provide identical sort of items and offerings. It will at
once impact commerce of diverse corporations (Lyu, Sun and Huang, 2019). Regarding
hardware and software program industry, there are numerous ventures are working their venture
inclusive of Samsung, Nokia, Black Berry and many extra. Due to this, contention benefit is
extraordinary in exclusive manufacturing.
Threats of substitute merchandise- It states to chance that is arisen through same form of
items and facilities that are provided via the particular organisation. In order to hardware and
software program within Apple is dealing the chance of similar commodities that is moderate. It
is so as there are numerous corporations which offer clever phone of all range with numerous of
traits. In addition to this, a few business challenge undertake new technology at regular base
which will broaden greater attractive Smartphone including MI, Samsung and others.
In context of major and managing innovation and alternate in present time in addition to
upcoming time, the control of particular Corporation can enforce Kurt Lewin’s alternate
control model and Kotter’s 8 Step manner of leading modification.
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Kurt Lewin’s change management model- This model is urbanized by way of Kurt
Lewin and it encompass three tiers consisting of unfreezing, converting and refreezing. The
framework demonstrates a totally easy and realistic model for considerate the transform method.
In Apple, the control of the firm can consist of it, in shape of administrating adjustments. The
description of this tool is described as underneath:
Unfreezing- It is the number one step and it considers improving willingness and the
readiness of people to transform via estimating a realisation for shifting from the modern-day
soothe sector to modifications scenario (Sandberg, 2019). It consists of making individual privy
to the want for modernization and revolutionize as well as improving their motivation for
accepting new kinds of performing for efficient results.
Change- It is some other level this is acknowledged because the step of change in
addition to includes the accessibility of the brand new forms of executing matters. In Apple, in
this stage for the duration of deal and modernization, the management can perform powerful
making plans, suitable communique and developing the involvement of staff for selling the
change is needed.
Freeze- It is the final stage and in it humans accepts the brand new kinds of performing
or trade For underpinning and supporting, the brand new performance or innovation inside the
approach of functioning, the workers should be compensated and constructive motivation with a
purpose to appearing their duties in developed way in addition to provide goods according
purchaser’s wishes.
Kotter’s 8 step change model- It may be done via the management of Apple in company of
growing the prevailing and upcoming functionality and to growth its options of increase. It
consists of 8 tiers and the reason of them as beneath:
Creating an urgency- It is the primary level and inside it, the control can pick out and
underling the capability chance and the consequences that might crop up within the future
(Jenkins, Sovacool and McCauley, 2018). Also, they could decide the development choice that
may be tapped thru powerful interferences. Within it, the management can request and contain as
properly s guide of the sector human beings, key stakeholders are customers on the difficulty of
exchange.
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Forming powerful guiding coalitions- Within it, the control of Apple can observe the
effective change, leaders in their enterprise company and also the important thing stakeholders,
asking for their taking part and promise closer to the whole technique.
Developing vision and a approach- It is the next step and inside the specific firm, the
control can conclude the centre fee, describe the eventual apparition and the plans for
acknowledgement of cutting-edge and upcoming time trade. Also, make certain that the
transform leaders can provide an explanation for the vision efficaciously and in a manner that
individuals can appreciate in easy way.
Communicating the vision- Within this, the administration can talk the amendment
within the vision very often powerful and persuasively. Also, the control of Apple can
manipulate the disquiets and complexities of individuals surely and with participation.
Removing boundaries- It makes positive that organisation tactics and shape are in area
and supported with the whole vision of the agency (Lei and et. Al., 2019). Within it, continually
check for obstacles or folks that are contesting revolutionize.
Creating quick-time period wins- In this section, the management of precise shape can
set time period wins early in the modification or innovation manner and generate extra short term
targets in preference to one long term goal that are available and much less expensive in addition
to have fewer possibilities of breakdown.
Consolidating profits- Under it, attain preserve improvement thru inspecting the
development testimonies in particular and recuperating from the ones personality stories.
Anchoring change within the company lifestyle- Within this phase, the administration can make
sure that the advent and trade becomes an critical segment in their organisational lifestyle and is
visible in every organisational feature (Davenport and Bean, 2018). It assures that the keep up of
the respective project leaders and new leaders solid to make bigger their support closer to the
remodel or innovation.
In order to accept change within operating environment, Apple can also take delivery of
both frameworks i.E. Kurt Lewin’s change management model and Kotter’s Model for accepting
amendment within operating surroundings efficaciously. But on the other hand, the maximum
efficient version for precise commercial enterprise establishment and control on Kotter’s model
as with the assist of it management successful to broaden powerful plan of movements and
equipment as according to the vision and purpose related to accepting alternate inside the
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working surroundings. Both of models are useful for the fulfillment of the organization and fulfil
the dreams of the clients. These models create powerful as nicely horrible effect at the firms. In
Apple, the leader of the establishments directs the employees to do their works, provide training,
helping them and delegating for attaining their goals or imaginative and prescient. That creates
first-rate impact on exchange control of the establishments.
But purpose of adopt new adjustments with the aid of the company, the employees are
face worry of recent change. There are loss of involvement of personnel cause new generation
adopt through way of employer to fulfil; their clients goals that create terrible effectiveness at the
corporations. According Kotter's eight-step trade model, the leader set a vision to benefit the
dreams putting through firms. They help the personnel to take away problems that occur in their
imaginative and prescient, provide praise for his or her exact paintings and encourage them in an
effort to accumulate their goals faster. All these sports activities effected the industrial employer
of the businesses definitely but the utilization of latest generation occasionally the personnel
achieve their goals by means of using taking more time that create horrific impact at the
effectiveness of trade manipulate inside Marks & Spencer.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the explained data that innovation plays an essential and
crucial function in development of business enterprises. It is because though it, they able to
attract range of customer and encourage them to but their goods and services. In addition to this
by utilisation efficient or new process that enables in conducting work appropriately they can
capable to be a focus for target people and promote them to purchase their goods as well as
facilities. By adopting efficient modernism, corporation capable to launch new goods and
services, accept innovative process that enable in performing work in more appropriate and in
amended form. In order to assess the present creation and abilities of a corporation in order to
creativity, they can follow models and concepts of PESTEL analysis. Also, to analyse the present
business, a firm can carry out study by Porter’s five forces model. Additionally, in context of
administrating and leading innovation and change, the business venture can execute diverse
change management model and theories.
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