Applied Dietary Task: Food Diary Analysis and Nutrition Therapy

This assignment analyzes three days of food diaries, calculating macronutrient intake (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and kilojoules) and sodium levels. The analysis identifies dietary patterns, such as a potential ketogenic diet on day 3 and a diet resembling the Australian Dietary Guidelines on day 1. The assignment discusses the health implications of high sodium intake, including cardiovascular and kidney health, and provides recommendations for athletes. It identifies which diets are best suited for strength-based and endurance-based athletes. The assignment also identifies foods high in potassium, vitamin A, iron, and cholesterol within the provided food diary. Finally, it calculates the average daily expenditure.

Running Head: NUTRITION AND THERAPY
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1NUTRITION THERAPY
1.
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
CHO: 107 CHO: 199 CHO: 33
Fat: 126 Fat: 44 Fat: 129
PRO: 149 PRO: 140 PRO: 128
kJ: 10196 kJ: 9125 kJ: 7377
Sodium: 3010 mg Sodium: 1812 mg Sodium: 2551 mg
2. Day 3 is near to ketogenic diet due to the fat content being 129 grams.
3. Day 1 seems close to the Australian Dietary Guidelines because it has more servings of fruits,
vegetables, eggs, lean meat, diary products and cereals as compared to other days.
4. Day 3 appears to match someone with a low carb diet because the carbohydrate content is 33
grams.
5. According to the National Health and Medical Research Council an Australian adult is
recommended 1600 mg of sodium in their dietary intake. Consuming high amount of sodium is
not beneficial for the human health due to several reasons because it affects the heart and kidney
health leading to severe lifestyle disorders.
One of the consequences is its effect on the heart that leads to cardiovascular diseases such as
hypertension, stroke, left ventricular hypertrophy, albuminuria and increased heart rate. Sodium
increases the fluid content of the body that affects the blood volume leading to burden in the
coronaries of the heart. It is said that communities with low sodium intake, high blood pressure is
not popular amongst the population and this suggests that sodium is related to hypertension and

2NUTRITION THERAPY
cardiovascular diseases. The first step of sodium is to reduce the amount of blood reaching the
heart, which leads to pains in the chest that is also known as Angina. This conditions leads to the
delay in the normal functions of the heart because it is not receiving the intake of oxygen and
nutrients. Further consumption of salt leads to the damage of arteries because of high blood
pressures that leads to the clogging or bursting of arteries. When this occurs then the heart is not
able to receive any oxygen, which leads to death (Joosten et al., 2014).
The second consequence is its effect on kidneys because the kidney removes the excess fluid
from the body through the procedure of filtering the blood. The extra fluid is left in the bladder
to be removed as urine. Kidney uses osmosis as a technique, which utilizes sodium and
potassium to absorb the water from the cell walls. Excess sodium in the diet leads to the
misbalance of the sodium and potassium ratio by sodium being higher in amount. This also leads
to high blood pressure and extra fluid (Mills et al., 2016).
6. The diet on day 1 suits an athlete involved in a strength based activity because it has an
optimum amount of protein that includes lean meat. A dietary plan for strength based activity
includes the energy requirements of protein, carbohydrate and fats in a proper ratio and the
micronutrients should be sufficient in amount. It should have adequate fluids and proper meal
timings. Athletes who are in to strength based activity perform excessive physical activity that
requires maintenance and increase in strength and muscle mass (Desbrow et al., 2014). Body
requires energy to build the strength to do such activities and that is why the carbohydrate
content should be 55-60%, protein should 12-15% and fat should be 25-30%. The diet plan on
day 1 is nearest to the requirements because it has a good amount of protein, which is required
for muscle hypertrophy in athletes. Amino acid forms protein, which is a major structural
component of the tissues that includes skeletal muscles and it is also used to produce growth

3NUTRITION THERAPY
hormone. The diet contains low fat milk products, which is also included in lean meat products
that is counted in complete proteins. This diet is suitable for an athlete who is involved in
strength based activity.
7. The diet on day 2 is closest to the diet plan of an athlete who is involved in an endurance
based activity. This is because it has a high amount of carbohydrate, which is 199 grams. This
type of activity is done to increase endurance and resistance in the body and it focuses on
training the aerobic system, which suggests that it creates resistance in the cardiovascular and
simple muscular system. The optimum diet plan for endurance based activity has the maximum
amount of carbohydrate because it is the fuel for all kinds of physical activity. It is stored in the
form of glycogen and it needs to be replaced every day. Food high in carbohydrate should be
consumed before any sports event because that will ensure that glycogen stores at their
maximum (Antonio et al., 2015). The breakfast is the most important meal on the day of the
event because that affects the digestive system and it is necessary to settle the digestion before
the event. Protein should be around 1.8 to 2 gram per bodyweight because it necessary for the
manufacture of new tissues as it is essential during the wear and tear process. Fat is required for
the regulation and production of hormones as well as the maintenance of cell structures. A
minimum of 0.6 gram of fat per bodyweight is required for optimal performance and recovery,
which is found in this diet because the fat is 44 grams. Fluid is a necessary component for the
diet plan because it is the reason for major metabolic activities and it also helps in lubricating the
muscles. Fluid is needed for the electrolyte balance in athletes because they sweat more than a
normal person and it releases a huge amount of sodium and fluid from the body (Aragon et al.,
2017). The necessary components in the diet for an endurance based athlete is oatmeal, kale,
banana, sweet potato and walnuts because itT releases energy in the body.

4NUTRITION THERAPY
8. Diet high in potassium: Day 2
Diet high in Vitamin A: Day 1
Diet high in Iron: Day 3
Diet high in cholesterol: Day 3
9. The average daily expenditure calculation will be (0.048*78)/3.653*1.4= 1.8 (MJ).

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References
Antonio, J., Ellerbroek, A., Silver, T., Orris, S., Scheiner, M., Gonzalez, A. and Peacock, C.A.,
2015. A high protein diet (3.4 g/kg/d) combined with a heavy resistance training program
improves body composition in healthy trained men and women–a follow-up
investigation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1), p.39.
Aragon, A.A., Schoenfeld, B.J., Wildman, R., Kleiner, S., VanDusseldorp, T., Taylor, L.,
Earnest, C.P., Arciero, P.J., Wilborn, C., Kalman, D.S. and Stout, J.R., 2017.
International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body
composition. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(1), p.16.
Desbrow, B., McCormack, J., Burke, L.M., Cox, G.R., Fallon, K., Hislop, M., Logan, R.,
Marino, N., Sawyer, S.M., Shaw, G. and Star, A., 2014. Sports Dietitians Australia
position statement: sports nutrition for the adolescent athlete. International journal of
sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 24(5), pp.570-584.
Devlin, B. L., Leveritt, M. D., Kingsley, M., & Belski, R. (2017). Dietary intake, body
composition, and nutrition knowledge of Australian football and soccer players:
Implications for sports nutrition professionals in practice. International journal of sport
nutrition and exercise metabolism, 27(2), 130-138.
Joosten, M.M., Gansevoort, R.T., Mukamal, K.J., Lambers Heerspink, H.J., Geleijnse, J.M.,
Feskens, E.J., Navis, G. and Bakker, S.J., 2014. Sodium excretion and risk of developing
coronary heart disease. Circulation, 129(10), pp.1121-1128.

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Mills, K.T., Chen, J., Yang, W., Appel, L.J., Kusek, J.W., Alper, A., Delafontaine, P., Keane,
M.G., Mohler, E., Ojo, A. and Rahman, M., 2016. Sodium excretion and the risk of
cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Jama, 315(20), pp.2200-
2210.