BUS707 Applied Business Research: Hospitality Accounting Methodology

This report provides an analysis of research design and methodology within the Australian hospitality industry, focusing on improving accounting performance through effective transaction and bookkeeping management. It outlines research objectives, including identifying causes of accountant's problems, evaluating accounting performance results, and understanding the duties and responsibilities of accountants in the hospitality sector. The report contrasts quantitative and qualitative research approaches, data collection methods (primary vs. secondary), and data analysis plans (theme-based vs. statistical). Ethical considerations for data collection are also addressed. Two alternative methodologies are presented, detailing research types, data collection strategies, sampling plans, and data analysis approaches. The primary research method involves a survey of accounting managers in Australia, utilizing quantitative data analysis techniques to test hypotheses and theories related to accounting practices in the hospitality industry.

BUS707 Applied Business Research
Week 10 - Research Design and Methodology
Research Design and Methodology
Research Title
To identify the importance of managing the transaction and book in order to improve
accounting performance within Australia hospitality industry.
It is very important for the organisation to record their day to day transaction in order to
improve their financial statement. By the help of book keeping company can prepare their
accounting statement in sound manner because it helps in reducing the error and omission of
the transaction.
Research Problem and Objectives:
Research objective:
 To find out the causes of accountant’s problem in the Hospitality industry in
Australia?
 To find out the result of accounting performance in the Hospitality industry in
Australia?
 To find out the important of accountant’s duty and responsibility in the hospitality
industry in Australia
Research problem:
It is very important for the company to keep their books up to date because it directly impact
on their accounting performance in large extent. If the transaction and books are not prepared
by the organisation, then it will affect their financial statement and company could not
prepare as sound financial statement for their organisation. There are various problems that
could be faced by the hospitality industry due to poor book keeping some of them are cannot
helps in tracking the revenue and expenses of the company, not able to prepare balance sheet
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and many more. So it is very important for the hospitality industry to manage their day to day
transaction and record in the books (Yuan, H., and et. al, 2020).
Please fill in the table below with the brief information about your research design and
research methodology
ALTERNATIVE 1
Design & Methodology Plan and justification
Research type
(exploratory, descriptive or causal)
Research design is the framework which is used by
the researcher to know the type of data need to be
describe as per the chosen topic. There are three
research design which are descriptive, experimental
and exploratory research design.
Descriptive research design: Descriptive research
design describe the theoretical data. This design
helps in attaining the aim in systematically manner
as numerical data is being explained. Using this
method information is being explained in deeper
manner so that detail study can be made (Siedlecki,
2020).
Exploratory research design: This research design
explains the research problem on the past study so
that they can predict the actual outcome. Using this
insight is made on the research problem when it was
on preliminary stage.
Experimental research design: This research
design studies the objective information. The data in
this which is being describe the relationship
between the two variable (Doyle and et. al, 2020).
In the current research topic researcher will be
selecting descriptive research design. The reason is
it will help in describing the quantitative research
methodology in detailed manner. So that researcher
can explain the phenomenon. It also helps in
answers the question in numerical manner. The data
in this is collected using the survey research method
so that wider data can be collected from the
population.

Research approach
(qualitative, quantitative or mixed
methods)
Research methodology is that section which helps to
identify, analyse and interpret information. There
are two types of research approach which are data
collection and data analysis.
Further data collection approach is divided into two
parts which are quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative research approach: It is the process
of collecting and analysing numerical information
for the selected topic. The data is in numbers,
figures and values (Bloomfield and Fisher, 2019).
Qualitative research approach: It is the procedure
which gathers and evaluate non numerical
information. In this the types of data are in words
and sentences.
In the current research topic, investigator will be
choosing quantitative research methodology as it
helps in gathering and analysing data in easier
manner. As well as comparing this information is
less stressful. The reason for this is it give
emphasise in measuring mathematical and statistical
information. In this data is being manipulated as per
the computational technique used by the researcher
(Taber and et. al, 2020).
Data analysis approach: it is the approach which is
used to test the hypothesis and theories based on the
gathered data. It is necessary to test the theories as it
helps in attaining the aim and objective in accurate
manner. There are two data analysis approach which
are deductive and inductive approach. Deductive
approach is used when theories are to be tested as
per the numerical information and inductive
approach is used when hypothesis is evaluated on
the basis of gathered qualitative information
(Pandey, 2019).
In the current investigation, researcher will be
selecting deductive approach to test the theories.
The reason for choosing this approach is it helps in
testing the existing hypothesis from the collected
numerical information. This approach also helps in
analysing the relationship between the two
variables. It also helps in analysing whether the
theories is to be rejected or accepted.
Type of data
(primary or secondary data)
Data collection is the process of gathering and
analysing information as per the topic. There are
two data collection method which are primary and
secondary data.
Primary data collection is the process of gathering
firsthand information. In this method fresh
information is being collected by the researcher
themselves. No third party or source is involved for
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collecting information. In this method original data
is being generated by the investigator. There are
various ways through which primary data can be
collected such as interview, questionnaire, focused
group and many other (Sileyew, 2019).
Secondary data is the process of collecting and
analysing second hand information. In this method
the information which is used is collected by some
other researcher but is used by multiple investigator
in their investigation. The data which is used is past
data which does not hold the current information
about the selected topic. The source to collect
primary data are books, journal, magazine, articles,
online sites and many other (Phillips and
Narasimhan, 2019).
In the current investigation researcher will be
choosing primary data, the reason is it will help
them to gain original information about the
importance of transaction and books in improving
accounting information. The research tool which is
used by the investigator to collect primary data is
questionnaire. The reason is it will help in collecting
wider data. In this researcher design the closed
ended question so the respondent feels flexible
while answering the question.
Data collection plan
(survey, experiment, observation,
interview or focus group)
Research strategy is the step by step plan which
provide direction to the thoughts of the investigator.
There are various ways through which data about
the idea can be generated. Some of them are survey,
experimental research, action research, focused
group and many more (AlSobeh, Klaib and
AlYahya, 2019). The data is being accommodate in
order to achieve aim and objective. In the present
investigation, researcher will be choosing survey
research strategy. The reason for selecting this is it
will help in gathering quantitative information from
the pool of respondent. Using this method wider
information can be accumulated. It is also one of the
cost effective and time consuming method. In this
respondent answers variety of closed ended question
in order to provide information to the researcher
about the perception they have on the chosen topic
(Panahbehagh Jauslin and Tillé, 2021).
Sampling Plan :
- Sampling frame
- Sampling methods
(probability or non-
probability)
- Sampling technique
Sampling frame: the sampling frame is the process
which contain the list of respondent in which
samples are to be taken and selected for the current
investigation.
Sampling method: There are two types of sampling
technique which are probability and non-probability

- Sampling characteristics
- Sampling size
sampling. Probability sampling is the process were
sample are taken out by giving equal opportunity to
the respondent. Whereas non probability sampling is
the method were participants are selected on bias
manner. In the current research researcher will be
choosing probability sampling method (Min and et.
al, 2019).
Sampling technique: Probability sampling is
further divided into various technique which are
random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified
sampling, cluster sampling and many more. In the
present investigation, researcher will be selecting
random sampling method. The reason for this it will
select sample in equal and fair manner so that valid
data can be acquired. With the help of this technique
researcher can rely of the gathered data from the
participants (Saitou, Masuda and Gokcumen, 2022).
Sampling characteristics: In the current
investigation the sample are selected on the basis of
gender. The age group through which data will be
gained are above 18 years. The samples are the
people for the Australia.
Sampling size: The sample size for the existing
research will be30 accounting manger from various
organisation of Australia.
Data Analysis plan
(theme-based or statistical analysis)
Data analysis plan is the path which show he
researcher will organize and analyse their collected
data. It is the method of inspecting, analysing and
measuring the raw data in order to get the useful
information. There are two data analysis method
which are frequency distribution method and
thematic analysis. Frequency distribution is the
method which is used to evaluate quantitative
information. On the other hand, thematic analysis is
the process of measuring qualitative data. In the
current investigation researcher will be using
frequency distribution method (Hernández-Landa,
Barrera-Falcon and Rioja-Nieto, 2020). This is
because it will measure numerical data in less time
and cost. Measuring such type of information does
not need detailed understanding. In this method data
is being represented in organised manner. The
information is displayed with the help of tables,
charts and graphs. Reading this type of information
is easier as compared to qualitative information.
This is also one of the method which helps in
attaining aim and objective in more accurate
manner.
Ethical consideration regarding data
collection plan
Ethical consideration is the set of principle and
ethics which is followed by the researcher while
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gathering information from the respondent. The
ethics are obeying in order to refrain vicious
conduct. In the above investigation the values and
norms which are to be followed is voluntarily
participants, consent form, openness, transparency
and honesty (Fuentes, 2020).
ALTERNATIVE 2
Design &
Methodology
Plan and justification
Research type
(exploratory,
descriptive or causal)
Research design provides a way through which research can be
completed in smooth and systematic way. It is one of the effective
research method which are used by the researcher in order to
conduct their investigation in successful way. Research design
provides a plan that depicts about the cause and effect relationship
between independent and dependent variable (Yates and Leggett,
2016). The main aim of research design is to fulfil the validity,
reliability, objectivity and generalizability of the findings. The
three different types of research design are exploratory, descriptive
and experimental research design. The alternative option which can
be used by the researcher is exploratory research design as it helps
in accumulating the information in qualitative manner. The reason
behind choosing exploratory research design is that it includes
qualitative data collection tools such as projective techniques, in-
depth interviews and focus group. This research design is
qualitative in nature due to which it is suitable if researcher need to
avail general information related to the research study. Exploratory
research design is interactive, inexpensive and open ended in
nature. It can be used by the investigator as it consider inductive
and qualitative research.
Research approach
(qualitative,
quantitative or mixed
methods)
Research approach is a tool that assist researcher for collecting the
information related to the research study in appropriate manner. It
generally focuses on testing the theories and hypothesis. The use of
research approach helps in addressing the issues related to the

investigation due to which it can be conducted in effective and
efficient manner (Willig, 2017). Research approach is classified
into three different forms such as qualitative, quantitative and
mixed methods. Within this research, researcher will choose
qualitative research approach as it gathers the data in order to
develop new theory. Qualitative research approach focuses on
accumulating the data through conversational and open-ended
communication. The two main type of research approach are
deductive and inductive. Deductive approach is used by the
researcher as it provides detailed information related to the chosen
topic. Inductive approach focuses on developing new theories by
gathering and analysing the information. The alternative option
which can be selected by the researcher is inductive approach as it
helps in gathering and evaluating qualitative piece of information
in significant manner. Inductive approach in research helps in
accumulating the information related to the topic. The benefits
which can be availed by the investigator by selecting inductive
approach is that it supports generation of new theory and also it
allows flexibility (Castleberry and Nolen, 2018). Thus, the main
reason of choosing inductive approach is that it allows the
researcher to develop significant theory due to which research aims
and objective can be attained in better way. The other reason of
choosing inductive approach is that it helps in predicting what
might happen in future. But it also have few drawbacks which can
influence the researcher while completing the research. The
inductive approach is incomplete and also it sometimes concludes
false information even with accurate observations. It also consumes
more time and energy for gathering the information related to the
research study.
Type of data
(primary or secondary
data)
Data collection method is one of the effective research method
which is used by the researcher for gathering and evaluating the
information in appropriate manner. The method helps in collecting
data in such a way that helps in achieving research aims and
objective in systematic manner. This method is categorised into
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two different forms such as primary and secondary data collection
method. Primary data collection method is tool that collects fresh
or raw information related to the current investigation. On the other
hand, secondary data collection method is used for collecting
existing information according to the chosen topic (DeVaney and
et. al., 2018). The secondary data collection method is used by the
investigator for gathering information that is already published by
any other authors. Alternative option which can be used by the
researcher is primary data collection method. It helps in collecting
the fresh information for achieving the aims and objective of
investigation in effective and efficient manner. The primary data is
collected through different tools such as surveys, experiments and
interviews. Within the investigation, the chosen research method is
interview. It is one of the effective technique for collecting the data
as it helps in providing greater source of information by asking
questions from few respondents. Thus, this tool is effective as it
helps in analysing the perception and viewpoint of interview
related to the subject matter.
Data collection plan
(survey, experiment,
observation, interview
or focus group)
The data collection plan mainly includes various methods for
accumulating the information such as survey, observation,
experiment, interview and focus group (Moen and Middelthon,
2015). Within this investigation, the researcher will focuses on
choosing interview method in which investigator will conduct an
interview of chosen respondents and avail their answers and
perception related to the chosen topic. The chosen number of
respondents for this investigation is 5. Interview research method is
mainly used in qualitative research method for gathering
information related to the current study.
Sampling Plan : Sampling is a method of cumulating the information from large
number of participants in particular time period. It allows the
researcher to avail the information from wide population without
focusing on investigating every individual (Nassaji, 2020).
Researcher generally choose particular number of sample in order
to collect the data related to the current research and also it

- Sampling
frame
- Sampling
methods
(probability or
non-
probability)
- Sampling
technique
- Sampling
characteristics
- Sampling size
provides high accuracy of data.
The sampling framework generally provides the information
related to the chosen respondents. Within this investigation, 5
participants are selected for the interview related to the chosen
topic. These respondents are selected on the basis of convenience
sampling method.
There are mainly two types of sampling such as probability and
non-probability sampling. Probability sampling method gives equal
chance to participants so that they can share their opinion and
perspective. Non-probability sampling method is another way of
collecting information through different participants. The use of
this method is easy, quick and cheaper as compare to other
sampling method.
The sampling technique which will be used by the researcher
within this research as an alternative option is convenience
sampling method. It is one of the type of non-probability sampling
in which researcher will take out the sample from large group and
contact with them in order to accumulate the relevant information
related to the subject matter.
male or female
The respondents are selected on the basis of the convenience of the
researcher. It is also cheaper and simple method to implement
which helps in completing the investigation in appropriate manner.
The chosen sample size for this investigation is 5. The interviewee
will ask the questions related to the current study and avail the
information for completing the research in systematic manner.
Data Analysis plan
(theme-based or
statistical analysis)
Data analysis method is another method of research which helps in
analysing and evaluating the information related to the research
study. It is mainly categorised into two different forms such as
thematic analysis and frequency distribution analysis. The
alternative option which can be used by the researcher for
conducting the investigation is thematic analysis (Bettis and et. al.,
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2015). It helps in collecting qualitative piece of data in significant
manner.
Ethical consideration
regarding data
collection plan
Ethical consideration mainly includes few forms and ethical
practices which must be followed by the researcher in order to
collect the information for current research study. There are few
ethical practices which must be followed by the researcher such as
confidentiality of information, anonymity of the research
respondents, informed consent,deceptive practices and decreasing
risk of harming people. Thus, it is important for investigator to
follow the ethical practices so that it doesn't hurt the sentiments and
emotions of respondents while gathering information.
RECOMMENDATION
 It is being recommended from the above information that organisation must focus on
improving the accounting performance of hospitality industry as it helps in organising
the accounting system in effective and efficient manner. In order to improve the
accounting performance it is necessary to keep track of all the transactions so that
hotel can know about their expenses and loss, profit, revenue, assets and liabilities.
 It is important for hospitality industry to maintain the financial records systematically
and also summarise it in effective way so that account manager can plan budget and
also saves money for expanding business. Organisation must focus on having deep
insights into the financial status of the hospitality business.
 Accountant manager is responsible for ensuring that company must follow the legal
riles and legislation so that they can stay away with any legal disputes and conflicts.
Accountant manager must also focus on analysing and reporting the financial
information and also recommend the improvements for business procedures.
 It is essential to develop the strategies and plan that helps in maintaining the
profitability of business by minimising the cost so that company can gain success in
market and also achieve their goals and objective in significant manner.

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