Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics in Healthcare

This report presents an analysis and evaluation of an article focusing on research ethics within the context of healthcare, specifically examining the role of public and patient involvement (PPI) in quantitative research. The assignment dissects the article's methodology, including the problem statement, purpose, research questions, and hypothesis, along with the identification of dependent and independent variables. It details the population of interest, sampling methods, data collection techniques, and data analysis approaches, including statistical tests. The report summarizes the study's results, assumptions, and limitations. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of the article's ethical considerations is provided, addressing potential issues related to sampling, data collection, analysis, and publication, with a focus on obtaining informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, and adhering to ethical guidelines as per the Australian Health Ethics Committee (NHMRC). The analysis highlights the significance of PPI in improving the validity of quantitative health research, emphasizing the importance of patient and stakeholder engagement and the need for continuous improvement in research methodologies. The report underscores the importance of ethical conduct in healthcare research, using the GRIPP2 method to improve the quality of research.

Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics
Article Citation and
Permalink
(APA format)
Article 1
Hannigan, A. (2018). Public and patient involvement in quantitative health research:
A statistical perspective. Health Expectations, 21(6), 939-943.
Point Description
Broad Topic Area/Title Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) in quantitative health research
Problem Statement
(What is the problem research
is addressing?)
PPI in quantitative designs and its effect on statistical analysis can be a core area of
research, as it is underexplored.
Purpose Statement
(What is the purpose of the
study?)
To examine the potentiality and challenges of PPI from a statistical point of view.
Research Questions
(What questions does the
research seek to answer?)
How to explore PPI from various aspects of quantitative research (Sampling,
Measurement, and Statistical Analysis)?
Define Hypothesis
(Or state the correct hypothesis
based upon variables used)
PPI varies with the involvement of independent variables discussed below.
Identify Dependent and
Independent Variables and
Type of Data for the
Independent Variables-Health insurance, higher socio-economic, age, ethnic
minorities, personal belief, social context
© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Variables Dependent variable- PPI
Quantitative Data
Population of Interest for
Study
Aboriginal Population.
Sample A large sample size.
Sampling Method Randomly selected from the population, by selecting representatives from eight
different locations.
Identify Data Collection
Identify how data were
collected
Collecting representative health data from each location.
Summarize Data Collection
Approach
An ideal sampling frame was identified recruiting representatives from each zone of
Aboriginal people. Health data were collected from representatives of each group.
Discuss Data Analysis
Include what types of
statistical tests were used for
the variables.
Core Outcome Sets (COS) was used to measure the outcomes for a research.
Descriptive statistics for graphical and numerical representation of the data.
Collaborative Precipitatory modeling was used in areas of natural resource
management.
Summarize Results of Study Statistical analysis and quantitative research is done, that successfully included the
underrepresented group of the population. The statistical tools used helped in
advanced learning and comprehensive scientific understanding.
Summary of Assumptions
and Limitations
Identify the assumptions and
limitations from the article.
There is a limited number of PPI contributors, and the statistical tools used for the
procedure requires further update. The different variables present within the
population resulted in underrepresentation of the whole group. The data collection was
done by selecting representatives from eight different groups. The analysis was done
on the whole population based on the results of representatives only. This can lead to a
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Report other potential
assumptions and limitations of
your review not listed by the
author.
faulty result.
Ethical Considerations
Evaluate the article and identify potential ethical considerations that may have occurred when sampling, collecting data, analyzing
data, or publishing results. Summarize your findings below in 250-500 words. Provide rationale and support for your evaluation.
A: Hannigan and Ailish (2018) collected representatives from Aboriginal population residing in various portions of Australia. It was
important to take the permission of the participants, before collecting any data from the region. Australian Health Ethics Committee
(NHMRC), (2019) clearly stated that the researchers must take the permissions of the patients, before any kind of tampering with their
health report. Again, before publication of any kind of results of the individual, it was very essential to take their consent. It is utmost
important for the researchers to maintain the confidentiality of the health profile of the subjects. During collecting sensitive
information from the patients, it is a major obligation to abide by the ethical frameworks designed by the committee.
The quantitative approach in the field of PPI is underdeveloped, because previously, much focus had been on qualitative
designs. Staley (2015) reported that evaluating quantitatively the impact of public and patient involvement in nature is very important
for improving health research. The impact of quantitative research on PPI, especially the statistical evaluation of the process can have
humongous effect. The quantitative research in the field of PPI in healthcare is very important because it considers valid statistical
analysis, and measurement of the results, effectively. Direct approach in this sector, where the public and the consumers have the right
of decision making, can help to improve the impact on quantitative health research. Staniszewska et al., (2017) suggested the validity
of direct approach for improving PPI, by using the GRIPP2 (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public) method.
The techniques and the methods must needs to be improved for increasing the quality of research. The collaboration of PPI
contributors and statisticians are very significant on the development of the process of health research. Esmail and Rein (2015)
confirms the above statement, as he also validates that the patient and stakeholder relationship is also significant.
References-
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Australian Health Ethics Committee. (2019). Guideline Development. Access Date:3rd August, 2019. [Online]. Retrieved from:
https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/leadership-and-governance/committees/australian-health-ethics-committee-ahec/
members-australian-health-ethics-committee-2015-2018
Esmail, L., Moore, E., & Rein, A. (2015). Evaluating patient and stakeholder engagement in research: moving from theory to
practice. Journal of comparative effectiveness research, 4(2), 133-145.
Staley, K. (2015). ‘Is it worth doing?’Measuring the impact of patient and public involvement in research. Research involvement and
engagement, 1(1), 6.
Staniszewska, S., Brett, J., Simera, I., Seers, K., Mockford, C., Goodlad, S., ... & Entwistle, A. (2017). GRIPP2 reporting checklists:
tools to improve reporting of patient and public involvement in research. Research involvement and engagement, 3(1), 13.
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