Annotated Bibliography: Artificial Intelligence in ITECH1001

This annotated bibliography, prepared for the ITECH1001 Communications and Technology course, explores the multifaceted field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It includes three key sources: a website article by B.J. Copeland on the general concepts and applications of AI, a journal article by Yang Xin, Wang Man, and Zhou Yi focusing on the development of AI in the medical field, and a book chapter by Margaret A. Boden discussing virtual machines and their significance to AI. The website article provides a broad overview of AI's origins, uses, and advancements. The journal article highlights the rising use of AI in medical applications, particularly in the US, and emphasizes the need for international collaboration. The book chapter delves into the concept of virtual machines as crucial components for AI development, especially for creating more advanced AI systems. The bibliography offers a comprehensive understanding of AI's current state, potential, and areas for future development.

Student Name: Student Name
Student ID: 300000
Course Code: ITECH1001
Course Name: Communications and Technology
Date Submitted: 12/04/2022
Lecturer’s Name: Muhammad Imran
ASSIGNMENT 1: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Websites
Website Title: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Author: B. J. Copeland
URL: https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence#ref219078
Date accessed: 11-8-2022
Publication/last updated year: March 18, 2022
Summary of site
The information presented on this website demonstrates that artificial intelligence (AI) is the
capacity of machines to carry out activities often associated with human intelligence. Popular uses of
artificial intelligence (AI) may be seen in the realms of gaming, linguistics, expert systems, and even
robotics. Although supposedly intelligent machines have been around since antiquity, it wasn't until
the advent of digital computers in the 1940s that we saw the first signs of genuine artificial
intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence (AI), or something approximating intelligence, has advanced
in tandem with the increased processing capacity of computers. Playing chess and calculating math
problems seem like child's play compared to the advancements made in visual recognition systems
and complex decision making and the use of normal language.
Evaluation
This webpage provides a comprehensive introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI). Learn about the
origins of AI, how it has been used in various fields, and how it has ushered in a new era of
technological advancement on this site. This online resource also demonstrates the present-day
relevance and potential applications of AI.
Reasons for use
This article's author (B. J. Copeland) is well-known in the field and has done much research in a
specific subfield of AI. This page offers a wealth of knowledge about artificial intelligence and its
origins, applications, scopes, etc. Even better, this article is relevant to my study.

Journals
Title of article: The development trend of artificial intelligence in medical: A
potentometric analysis Author: Yang Xin, Wang Man, Zhou Yi
URL (if available): Date accessed: 11-8-2022
Journal Title: Artificial Intelligence in the Life Sciences
Year of publication: 2021 Page Numbers: 1-10
Volume no: 1 Issue no: 1
Summary of article
There have been few bibliometric and collaborative platform studies on relevant patents, despite the
proliferation of AI in healthcare. Patentometrics and SNA characterise the application of patent and
cooperation networks, diagramming an AI-medical landscape. Patent data comes from Derwent
Innovation Index (DII). Since 2011, AI-medical patent applications have risen dramatically. The US
is the leading developer of related technology and the top target for non-resident patent filing.
Medical image processing, CAD, monitoring of illness, diagnosis of illnesses, bioinformatics, and
drug discovery are all now popular discussions. Low assignee network density indicates standard
patent collaboration. Companies and university institutes lead AI-medical innovation. Geography
influences patent collaboration since co-owned patents are concentrated in the same country.
Regional cooperation dominates. Trans-regional patent collaboration is scarce, requiring more
knowledge transmission. In order to effectively plan, develop, and commercialize future strategies, it
is crucial to have a firm grasp on the ever-evolving circumstances and patent collaboration network
in the AI-medical industry.
Evaluation
The in-depth use of AI in the medical field is demonstrated here. This article demonstrates that the
US is keeping up with the competition in artificial intelligence research and development. The
article suggests international cooperation is essential for AI to reach its full potential.
Reasons for use
The authors have vast experience in working with AI. This journal has plenty of data and graphical
representation of the use of AI worldwide. This article also contains suggestions regarding AI’S
scope.

Book
Title of chapter/section: What is Artificial Intelligence/Virtual Machines
Title of Book (include edition number): AI: Its Nature and Future
Author (s): MARGARET A. BODEN
Year of publication: 2016 Relevant Page Numbers: 3, 4, 5, 6
Publisher: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Location
URL (if available): Date accessed: 11-8-2022
Summary of section/chapter being used
Although artificial intelligence relies on computers and other physical devices, these are best viewed
as what is known as "virtual machines" by the CS community. A virtual machine is not an image of
a machine in VR, nor is it a simulator for learning how to fix cars. That doesn't mean a VM is
nothing more than a handy fiction, a figment of our imagination. Not so much with the computers
themselves, though. Ultimately, what they accomplish is what counts. A von Neumann (sequential)
computer is most commonly used to create a neural network. Improved definitions of exciting and
valuable virtual machines are necessary for AI to advance. Activity patterns (information
processing) are the building blocks of virtual machines, which can exist on many levels. Even if it's
just a keyboard and a display, an AI system still needs input and output devices. The AI system
communicates with and modifies these Computerworld interfaces. It's great to have physically
powerful computers (bigger, quicker ones) for more progress of AI.
Evaluation
Virtual machines are arguably Ais' most significant contribution to date. The domains of
programming have profited greatly from AI's introduction to this industry. One of the best
paradigmatic examples of this contribution is in robotics. Superior virtual machines are essential for
AI research and development e. g., faster computers.
Reasons for use
There's a lot of material on artificial intelligence in here. This book draws connections between
artificial intelligence and other fields such as artificial neural networks (ANN), robotics, cybernetics,
etc. Furthermore, this book was a best-seller in 2016 and is still in high demand among students and
teachers.