SCIE1060 Project: Artificial Intelligence in Science and Society

This science project delves into the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), providing a comprehensive overview of its development, types (AGI, ANI, ASI), and current research trends. The project highlights the work of key figures like Sir John McCarthy and explores contemporary AI applications such as soft robots, self-driving vehicles, and AI in healthcare, citing relevant research from authors like Caspar et al. (2015), Wong and Bressler (2016), and Dunjko and Briegel (2017). The discussion emphasizes the importance of AI safety, referencing Li et al. (2014), and the benefits of AI in removing human errors and improving efficiency. The project also addresses the potential cons of AI, particularly its use in destructive applications, and underscores the scientists' primary concern for AI's safety and security. References are provided to support the research and analysis of the topic.

Running head: SCIENCE PROJECT
SCIENCE PROJECT (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)
Name of the student
Name of the university
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Background
AI or artificial intelligence is known as the simulated form of human intelligence that is
processed within machines through the use of computer system. The first artificial intelligence
was developed by Sir John McCarthy and he is known as the father of AI (Pedrycz & Chen,
2014). The primary purpose of development of artificial intelligence is to perform tasks equal to
any human intelligence. The primary idea of artificial intelligence started in the first century that
through the development of multiple stages now is available in three types such as AGI, ANI,
and ASI (Gurkaynak, Yilmaz & Haksever, 2016).

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Current research
The current researches for artificial intelligence are centralized around application of
rubber components so that all the hardware could be eliminated from a robot structure. This
research was conducted by Caspar et al. (2015), so that soft robots could be developed. Besides
this, majority of the organizations developing AIs are focusing on self- Driving vehicles so that
thorugh artificial intelligence, transport revolution could be achieved (Gurkaynak, Yilmaz &
Haksever, 2014). Moreover, there are several researches that has been conducted to utilize
AI car
AI robots

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artificial intelligence as healthcare professionals and Wong and Bressler (2016) mentions one
such research in which Ai worked as an ophthalmologists. Further, Dunjko and Briegel (2017)
mentioned that several researchers are keen about utilization of artificial intelligence in quantum
physics.
Discussion
While discussing the AI and its effects of human lives, the research about AI safety
should be mentioned. Li et al. (2014) mentions that majority of the AI are developed for their
utilization in societies and hence it is important to determine their validity, security, verification,
and control. There are several benefits of usage of AI in daily life as it helps to remove the
human errors and hence research and development related errors could be eliminated.
Further, it helps to improve the efficiency of process by increasing the development of new
ideas and strategies and implementing them in the care (Caspar et al., 2015). The cons of AI
could be associated to the application of Ai and associated strategies in the destructive

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works that hampers the human civilization. Further, if the AI is developed for any
devastating action, if it is programmed to do any harmful crime, then it could negatively
affect the society and could be harmful for the mankind (Caspar et al., 2015). Hence, safety
and security is the primary concern of the scientists for the development of artificial intelligence.

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References
Caspar, E. A., De Beir, A., Da, P. A. M. D. S., Yernaux, F., Cleeremans, A., & Vanderborght, B.
(2015). New frontiers in the rubber hand experiment: when a robotic hand becomes one’s
own. Behavior Research Methods, 47(3), 744-755.
Dunjko, V., & Briegel, H. J. (2017). Machine learning\& artificial intelligence in the quantum
domain. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.02779.
Gurkaynak, G., Yilmaz, I., & Haksever, G. (2016). Stifling artificial intelligence: Human
perils. Computer Law & Security Review, 32(5), 749-758.
Li, T., Sun, S., Sattar, T. P., & Corchado, J. M. (2014). Fight sample degeneracy and
impoverishment in particle filters: A review of intelligent approaches. Expert Systems
with applications, 41(8), 3944-3954.
Pedrycz, W., & Chen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014). Information granularity, big data, and
computational intelligence (Vol. 8). Springer.
Wong, T. Y., & Bressler, N. M. (2016). Artificial intelligence with deep learning technology
looks into diabetic retinopathy screening. Jama, 316(22), 2366-2367.