Artificial Intelligence in Modern Society: Benefits and Risks

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Concept of Artificial intelligence....................................................................................................3
Components of Artificial intelligence.............................................................................................3
Types of Artificial intelligence........................................................................................................4
Examples of Artificial intelligence..................................................................................................5
Application of Artificial intelligence...............................................................................................6
Benefits and risks of Artificial intelligence.....................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
Reference.........................................................................................................................................9
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Introduction
Artificial intelligence can be considered as the simulation of human intelligence with the help of
computer system process. The process includes learning, reasoning and self-correction. In this
study, concept of artificial intelligence is going to be discussed along with components of
artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is composed of science, engineering, mathematics,
psychology, linguistics and computer. Different types of artificial intelligence are going to be
discussed here such as reactive machine, self-awareness, theory of mind and limited memory.
The examples of artificial intelligence such as automation, robotics and self-driving cars are
going to be discussed along with their importance. In this modern era, artificial intelligence is
applied in all sectors such as healthcare, business, education, law, manufacturing, gaming,
speech recognition, handwriting recognition and finance. Benefits, as well as risks of using
artificial intelligence in different sectors, are also going to be described here along with
examples.
Concept of Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence can be considered as the capability of the digital system to perform
activities associated with intelligent beings. It is an area of digital sincere emphasizing creation
of the intelligent machines working and reacting like humans. As stated by Ertel (2018), the aim
of artificial intelligence is to develop intelligent machines for the benefits and development of
the world with the help of technology. Science, as well as engineering, is helpful in developing
intelligent machines. The goals of artificial intelligence are creating expert systems and
implementing human intelligence in the machines. The reason for developing artificial
intelligence is to provide easy, secure and smarter lives to human. The main motive of artificial
intelligence to develop machines that exactly thinks and behaves like humans.
Components of Artificial intelligence
The main components of artificial intelligence are technology and science. Technology and
science are based on psychology, biology, engineering, mathematics, computer science and
linguistics. In accordance to Kerr and Szelke (2016), computer functions are developed with the
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help of human intelligence such as problem solving, reasoning and learning. There are mainly
three components of artificial intelligence such as hardware component, software component
and architectural component. All the components are based on engineering as well as
technology. Hardware components include logic representation, pattern matching, symbolic
processing, knowledge representation, problem-solving, natural language processing, numeric
processing, heuristic search, learning, expert system, planning, neural network and semantic
network. Software components of artificial intelligence are different languages such as LISP,
object-oriented, fourth generation, natural, assembly, high level, machine, particular problem
solving and distributed language. As commented by Russell and Norvig (2016), architecture
components of artificial intelligence are array processor, multiprocessor, uniprocessor, vector
processor, distributed processor, parallel processor and special purpose processor.
Types of Artificial intelligence
Limited Memory
Limited memory is a type of artificial intelligence that is composed of different models of
machine languages. As influenced by Ghahramani (2015), previous information, events, stored
data and knowledge are used in this artificial intelligence. This artificial intelligence works on
the basis of data fed into them. The future decision of this artificial intelligence depends on past
experience and data stored. A self-driving car can be considered as an example of a limited
memory of artificial intelligence. Future functions of the car depending on the functions and
programs fed at the time of developing the cars.
Self-awareness
This artificial intelligence has some sense and consciousness. This kind of machines is able to
understand that tasks need to be performed based on current state and situation. This artificial
intelligence is still an assumption as such kind of machines has not been created yet that can
perform task on the basis of self-awareness.
Reactive Machines
This is basis artificial intelligence and it does not store any kind of data and does not perform
functions on the basis of past experience. This kind of machines understands the required moves
and select best moves according to it. In accordance to Jha and Topol (2016), the example of this
kind of reactive machines is Deep Blue. It is a chess-playing supercomputer that has been created
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by IBM. This has been developed for playing chess against human with the intention to defeat
competitor.
Theory of Mind
This artificial intelligence will be created in future that can perform task according to human
mind. Psychology will be used in order to develop such as kind of machine. The machine will be
capable to have emotion capacity, sound and behaviour as human.
Examples of Artificial intelligence
Smartphone
Smartphone is an intelligent machine that has been developed to connect with people easily
(Jiang et al. 2017). In this modern era, everyone is using the artificial intelligence of Smartphone
to connect with friends, family, learn, search, and listen to music and for many functions.
Robotics
Robotics is a great example that can be used in different sectors such as health, finance and
business. With the help of intelligent machines like Robotics, different tasks can be performed
easily and in a short time.
Smart Cars
Smart cars are prominent example of artificial intelligence. Tesla car can be a great example of
smart car with artificial intelligence. It has the self-driving ability as well as sheer technology to
make the environment of car cool or warm.
Smart devices of home
Artificial intelligence has also been used in creating smart devices for homes. As stated by Lu et
al. (2017), smart thermostats of homes can adjust the temperature of the home based on
preference. Mist home devices are yet to be developed with the help of artificial intelligence.
Security
Various security machines have been developed on the basis of artificial intelligence. For
example facial recognition is a prominent example of security.
Google Predictive Search
With the help of artificial intelligence, it has become possible to search for anything on Google
in easy way. It is the action of artificial intelligence that providers results on the basis of
searches.
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Mobile Banking
Artificial intelligence has helped in managing bank accounts in effective way. In accordance to
Makridakis (2017), due to presence of Artificial intelligence, people enable to use reliable
transactional process.
Map and direction
Google Maps is an effective example of artificial intelligence that provides easier route to people
for their destinations.
E-commerce
Artificial intelligence has also been used in providing online buying and selling facility to people
through e-commerce. Messages are provided to customers by organisations providing services in
order to build relationship.
Application of Artificial intelligence
Healthcare
Artificial intelligence is used in medical centres in order to save lives of people by improving the
ways of treatment. As commented by Raza and Khosravi (2015), advanced technologies and
devices are used in healthcare sector so that medical data can be understood easily and best
conclusion can be derived. Artificial intelligence is used in development of treatment protocol,
personalized medicine, drug, diagnosis process, monitoring and care of patient. Patients are
considered safer by using artificial intelligence for their treatment. Anxiety and stress of doctors
have been reduced by the use of artificial intelligence in their work as their efficiency has been
increased. Doctors and understand the risks at the time of taking patients with the help of
technology. Robots help in treating patients without doing any mistake and save the lives of
people.
Finance
In business, it is difficult to maintain large amount of data easily for long time but artificial
intelligence is helping organisations to manage the data and boost their profit. In accordance to
Russell et al. (2015), fraud can be detected easily in financial statement of an organisation with
the help of artificial intelligence. In this modern era, organisations use technology to manage and
store data of their business. They can find those data easily when they needed with the help of
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artificial intelligence. Financial advice can also be taken with the help of artificial intelligence
and the business can be improved.
Education
The way of getting education has also been improved with the help of artificial intelligence.
Education system has become smarter with the help of technology. As stated by Scherer (2015),
students can acquire knowledge regarding anything anytime with the help of artificial
intelligence and technology and improve their knowledge. Education system has been improved
as people can take education from anywhere anytime with the help of artificial intelligence.
Banking
Technologies and artificial intelligence are improving banking services and making the lives of
people easier and comfortable. In accordance to Zang et al. (2015), people can able to manage
their bank accounts effectively without going to their banks. They can also get messages for any
payment due to artificial intelligence.
Entertainment
Artificial intelligence has changed the world of entertainment industry. Marketing of any movies
can be done effectively with the help of technology and artificial intelligence. As stated by Ertel
(2018), visual design can be created in order to promote a movie with the help of artificial
intelligence. Movies can entertain people by bringing innovation with the help of artificial
intelligence and technologies.
Benefits and risks of Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is beneficial to perform various tasks in smarter way. Artificial intelligence
helps in reducing error and improves accuracy of work. In accordance to Kerr and Szelke (2016),
technologies, as well as artificial error, can perform repetitive task that is difficult for human to
perform again and again. As human requires breaking for refreshment but intelligent machines
such as robots can perform ask in consistent manner thus productivity of business can be
improved. Radio surgery cane performed with the help of artificial intelligence that is difficult to
be performed by doctors. As stated by Lu et al. (2017), people can live better, secret and smarter
lives with the help f technologies and artificial intelligence. Big data of business can be managed
with the help of artificial intelligence as well as technological devices.
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Dangerous tasks can be performed with the help of artificial intelligence such as robots that are
risky for humans. On the other hand, there are risks of using artificial intelligence as well. As
stated by Scherer (2015), high cost is required to use artificial intelligence for business and a
technical expert needs to be hired for managing the devices. Thus the profitability can be reduced
by using artificial intelligence for business. At the time of using, artificial intelligence in place of
human, difficulties can be faced as machines do not have emotions like humans. For example,
robots cannot provide emotional care to patient during any emotional situation. It is risky to use
driverless cars because technical issues can arise anytime and life of people can be in danger.
Unemployment can be increased by using artificial intelligence in place of people. In accordance
to Russell et al. (2015), creativity can be reduced by using machines to perform all tasks as
machines can do task on the same manner again and again. People are becoming lazy day by day
as they are dependent on intelligent machines to perform most of their task.
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the essay that artificial intelligence is intelligent machines that perform
the task in smarter and easy way. The machines consist of different hardware, software as well as
architectures. Reactive machines do not have memory to perform task based on past experience.
Limited memory is a type of artificial intelligence that stored data and perform task bases on
storage. Self-driving car is an example of limited memory. , as well as theory of mind artificial
intelligence, are not developed yet. The example of artificial intelligence is smart appliances of
homes, self-driving cars such as Tesla, robotics, Smartphone, mobile banking, Google map and
e-commerce. Artificial intelligence is beneficial for every sector such as healthcare, business,
entertainment, and education and baking. People can manage their accounts on their mobile with
the help mobile banking and health services have been improved in hospitals with the help of
artificial intelligence. On the other hand, it is expensive to use artificial intelligent machines such
as robots in business. People do not want to perform their tasks by themselves as they have
become dependent on technologies and artificial intelligence. Unemployment in the world is
increasing due to high use of technologies in the place of people.
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Reference
Books
Ertel, W. (2018) Introduction to artificial intelligence. Berlin: Springer.
Kerr, R., and Szelke, E. (Eds.). (2016) Artificial intelligence in reactive scheduling. Berlin:
Springer.
Russell, S. J., and Norvig, P. (2016) Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia;
Pearson Education Limited,.
Journals
Ghahramani, Z. (2015) Probabilistic machine learning and artificial
intelligence. Nature, 521(7553), pp. 452.
Jha, S., and Topol, E. J. (2016) Adapting to artificial intelligence: radiologists and pathologists as
information specialists. Jama, 316(22), pp. 2353-2354.
Jiang, F., Jiang, Y., Zhi, H., Dong, Y., Li, H., Ma, S., ... and Wang, Y. (2017) Artificial
intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2(4), pp. 230-
243.
Lu, H., Li, Y., Chen, M., Kim, H., and Serikawa, S. (2018) Brain intelligence: go beyond
artificial intelligence. Mobile Networks and Applications, 23(2), pp. 368-375.
Makridakis, S. (2017) The forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution: Its impact on
society and firms. Futures, 90, pp. 46-60.
Raza, M. Q., and Khosravi, A. (2015) A review on artificial intelligence based load demand
forecasting techniques for smart grid and buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 50, pp. 1352-1372.
Russell, S., Dewey, D., and Tegmark, M. (2015) Research priorities for robust and beneficial
artificial intelligence. Ai Magazine, 36(4), pp. 105-114.
Scherer, M. U. (2015) Regulating artificial intelligence systems: Risks, challenges,
competencies, and strategies. Harv. JL and Tech., 29, pp. 353.
Zang, Y., Zhang, F., Di, C. A., and Zhu, D. (2015) Advances of flexible pressure sensors toward
artificial intelligence and health care applications. Materials Horizons, 2(2), pp. 140-156.
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