Annotated Bibliography: MGT502 - The Impact of AI on the Workplace

This annotated bibliography examines the multifaceted impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the workplace. It analyzes several research articles that delve into how AI is reshaping various aspects of employment, including automation, job redefinition, and the potential for job displacement. The sources explore the shift towards smarter, technologically dependent workplaces, examining sectors affected by AI's influence. The articles address critical questions about the future of work, such as whether AI creates or destroys job opportunities, and how human roles may evolve alongside AI and robotics. The bibliography covers the four fundamentals of workplace automation, STARA (smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and algorithms), and the advancements in AI. It also explores the economic impact, the role of human judgment, and the potential for AI to revolutionize innovation and R&D. The compilation highlights the challenges and opportunities for managers, the importance of transparency, and the need for policies to adapt to AI's rapid advancements, ultimately offering a comprehensive view of how AI is transforming the business landscape.

Executive Summary: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wisskirchen, G., Biacabe, B. T., Bormann, U., Muntz, A., Niehaus, G., Soler, G. J., &
von Brauchitsch, B. (2017). Artificial intelligence and robotics and their impact
on the workplace. IBA Global Employment Institute, 2012-2017. Available at :
https://workplaceinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/AI-and-Robotics-IBA-
GEI-April-2017.pdf
This article focuses on how artificial intelligence or AI has influenced workplaces. The
authors are related to the IBA Global Employment Institute, under the International Bar
Association. With the advent of artificial intelligence, workplaces have become smarter and
more technologically dependent. Throughout this article various sectors of the workplace are
brought under scrutiny to check the changes that will reflect after AI came into view.
Artificial intelligence has changed employability as AI has the capability to create new job
opportunities. It has made what places faster and helps in saving time. Since AI have come
into the Limelight, data is now kept much more carefully because the chances of losing data
is enormous MMS tape can cost a large sum of money and even the foundation of the
business. If work stops even for the day the company will suffer the enormous losses from
which recovery will be difficult (Wisskirchen et al. 2017). Lots of legal problems to be
addressed while introducing the AI into the workplace as there are various laws governing
data and the improper use of data. This article it is very important to understand in depth the
changes AI will bring and has already brought to workplaces and how various sectors of the
word places affected by it.
Chui, M., Manyika, J., & Miremadi, M. (2015). Four fundamentals of workplace
automation. McKinsey Quarterly, 29(3), 1-9. Available at:
https://roubler.com/au/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2016/11/Four-fundamentals-
of-workplace-automation.pdf

2ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
This article also focuses on the fundamental changes that will be brought in widely
introduction of workplace automation or artificial intelligence in the workplace. Michael
Chui is the Principal at mc Kinsey Global Institute where James Manyika is a director. Mehdi
Miremadi is the principal of the same institute’s Chicago office. This is to address the
question if creates job opportunities or destroys them. The authors of the idea that jobs will
be redefined rather than illuminated when AI will be introduced and which was the potential
of artificial intelligence has been explored along with potential of advanced robotics. The
four fundamentals that have been explored are the automation of activities within the
workplace, the jobs in business processes being me defined because of AI, the impact of AI
on occupations that demand a highwage and what creativity means in the future (Chui,
Manyika & Miremadi, 2015). This article focuses on how humans work and how AI will be
working beside humans to check if humans are any more required in the workplace or if they
will be completely shut down by robots.
Brougham, D., & Haar, J. (2018). Smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and
algorithms (STARA): employees’ perceptions of our future workplace. Journal
of Management & Organization, 24(2), 239-257.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.55
This article focuses on STARA or smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and
algorithms according to the future s are the very snatches of human jobs and have also
estimated that jobs will drastically reduce by 2025. The authors are from Massey Business
School, College of Business, Massey and Auckland University of
Technology, Auckland, New Zealand respectively. University, Palmerston North, New
Zealand. STARA awareness was introduced to associate employees with what it is and what
impact they might have on workplace and how they will be affected by it. The world of the
AI is so complex that it is difficult for normal people to dive into the depths even understand

3ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
the result it might have on workplaces and how they might affect lives. People after their
anus are finding that their jobs might be replaced by technology and this is causing
widespread fear of losing their jobs (Broughman & Haar, 2018). However the awareness
campaign was looked down upon because it created unnecessary pressure as employees
thought that their jobs I have no value and it resulted in them being depressed.
Agrawal, A., Gans, J. and Goldfarb, A., 2017. What to expect from artificial intelligence.
MIT Sloan Management Review. Available at:
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/578cf5ace58c62ac649ec9ce/t/
589a5bfe20099e9d2837a707/1486511104226/
What+to+Expect+From+Artificial+Intelligence.pdf
This article focuses on advancements in air and how they are likely to change what we know
as the workplace. The authors are experienced professionals in the field of management. Ajay
Agarwal is a professor of Entrepreneurship and has founded a lab to work with technology
startups, Joshua S. Gans is the chief economist of the lab and also a professor and Avi
Goldfarb is a professor of marketing and the chief data scientist at the lab. This talks about
major it and technology companies trying to bring AI startups within their look because of
the ease it is expected to bring to work. The companies that are being considered are
companies like Apple, Amazon and Google. However the mixed reactions are also being
explored because it is true that people understand the AI will be doing things that people are
expected to do and then questions are being raised about what people are supposed to do
when their jobs are being done by the AI (Agarwal, Gans & Goldfarb, 2017). However this
article is appreciative of what AI brings to the table as the rise of computer technology has
not only made life easier but also save an enormous amount of time and cost thereby enabling
businesses to work better and make more profits.

4ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cockburn, I.M., Henderson, R. and Stern, S., 2018. The impact of artificial intelligence
on innovation (No. w24449). National Bureau of Economic Research. Available
at: https://www.nber.org/papers/w24449
This article focuses on artificial intelligence becoming the very face of innovation because of
its potential to create things that might take humans a lot of time, in seconds. The authors are
integral members of the National Bureau of Economic Research. This article puts forward the
idea that AI has the ability to reshape the nature of innovation and how the organization of
R&D is. This also focuses on the substitution of labor intensive work by data oriented,
application oriented, and passively generated data sets. Prediction algorithms can also be
enhanced. Disconnect 38 a race within the companies will be trying to grass the bigger data
set. It focuses on how important policies are in this case because transparency will be
required when it comes to these data sets (Cockburn, Henderson & Stern, 2018). If
companies work hand in hand with transparency the chances of innovation oriented
competition will go forward however research productivity will increase.
Chelliah, J., 2017. Will artificial intelligence usurp white collar jobs?. Human Resource
Management International Digest, 25(3), pp.1-3. Available at:
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/HRMID-11-2016-0152/
full/html
Recent research and various opinions from experts have been explored when it comes to the
evolution of artificial intelligence and how it encroaches on Jobs that are currently considered
white collar. The author is a professor of the Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji. This paper is
focused on the exploration of the risks that can be faced by white collar workers when
artificial intelligence will be being introduced in various workplaces. And it has been found
that white collar jobs at receptacle to AI. This is a precarious situation because technology is

5ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
advancing at a very fast rate and it will soon be taking over all workplaces and it might create
large scale unemployment (Chelliah, 2017). This paper is useful as it guides the management
and HRM when it comes to the deployment of the AI to enhance productivity but they are
also to consider that employment opportunities will be lost. This situation is important as the
other articles talk only about the effect of AI on managerial positions.
Agrawal, A., Gans, J.S. and Goldfarb, A., 2019. Exploring the impact of artificial
intelligence: Prediction versus judgment. Information Economics and Policy.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2019.05.001
This article focuses on the new developments in artificial intelligence at a moderate to reduce
the cost of predictions. Another article buy the authors have already been discussed and it is
evident that they have done conclusive research about the situation AI will create when it
comes to the Managerial world. It is known that predictions can improve the decisions taken
by businesses but are often imperfect and based on facts and data that can be imperfect and
wrong as well therefore AI comes to save the day and give predictions which are based on
data and information the AI has collected and to increase the chances of making the correct
prediction because computers are less prone to making mistakes. This article still believes
that human judgment is important when it comes to adjusting decisions and therefore it might
be a little problematic because for them taking the sessions will be difficult (Agarwal, Gans
& Goldfarb, 2019). Rise of the amount of predictions at a required there will be a phase
where they will be a gift to the economy which is associated with the amount of decisions are
located for human approval versus the rest of the decisions which will be allocated to a
machine for approval.
Kolbjørnsrud, V., Amico, R. and Thomas, R.J., 2016. The promise of artificial
intelligence. Available at:

6ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.accenture.com/t20170411t174532z__w__/mu-en/_acnmedia/pdf-32/
ai_in_management_report.pdf
This article focuses on how technology had disruptive blue collar jobs and the service
industry through its improvements but the adventure of AI will be affecting all levels of
management. The authors of this article are associated with the Accenture Institute for High
Performance, and Accenture is a leading global professional services company. This article
explores how AI presents a plethora of opportunities that will help in the creation of value but
also challenges that is problematic and frightening for executives and managers. Their roles
will be redefined and they themselves have to take up the task of redefining their roles
because a percentage of their work will be done by the AI. This is a precarious situation as it
directly affects how labor is divided and how collaboration is done among humans and
machines. This article contains a survey which shows that AI has the ability to put an end to
all kinds of administrative and management work (Kolbjørnsrud, Amico and Thomas, 2016).
The next generation manager is to thrive on the work which demands him to judge and make
decisions. This survey also talks about following a people first strategy as it strongly opposes
replacing people with machines.
Felten, E.W., Raj, M. and Seamans, R., 2018, May. A Method to Link Advances in
Artificial Intelligence to Occupational Abilities. In AEA Papers and
Proceedings (Vol. 108, pp. 54-57). DOI: https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?
id=10.1257/pandp.20181021
This paper presents the fact that artificial intelligence will help in economic growth
massively. However it also makes clear that while artificial intelligence is busy boosting
growth labor will be affected and currently the understanding of this effect is under a lot of
shade and unclear. This paper is written by authors associated with the American Economic

7ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Association. This paper after research has provided a new method that wants to help
researchers and other policy makers to understand the link that is shared between artificial
intelligence and human labor. This method will be linking the various advancements in
different categories of artificial intelligence to various human abilities that are considered
labor. The effects of advancement of artificial intelligence on the labor abilities are to be
attributed to occupations and various industries (Felten, Raj and Seamn, 2018). A test of the
method that will be linking advancement in artificial intelligence which has been categorized
between 2010 and 2015 to subsequent updates in the descriptions of occupations is also
presented.
Parunak, H.V.D., 1996. Applications of distributed artificial intelligence in
industry. Foundations of distributed artificial intelligence, 2, pp.1-18. Available
at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.34.1502&rep=rep1&type=pdf
This article explores how in various industries and their applications Central large software
system is not as effective as various distributed networks of simpler agents that are
computerized. The author of this book is Dr. H. Van Dyke PARUNAK of the Industrial
Technology Institute. Therefore the application of AI being distributed is being explored.
This is also called the AI or distributed artificial intelligence (Parunak, 1996). This article
gives special attention to systems that are meant for manufacturing, controlling and
scheduling all the while describing a taxonomy of similar systems that gives various case
studies of research applications that advanced and actual installations within industries in
order to identify the steps that are to be taken to help deploy these technologies in a broader
way. This is a relatively older source that is integral for comparing the current situation of AI
in the corporate world.