Investigating Educational Provision for Children with Autism Spectrum

This dissertation investigates the educational provisions available for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), focusing on identifying the responsible parties and evaluating the quality standards of education provided. It addresses the research question of who provides educational provision for children with ASD, covering aspects such as assessment, early intervention, diagnosis, limitations, and prevalence. The methodology employs a secondary literature review, drawing from research articles, online resources, and journals. Key findings include challenges related to delayed diagnoses, behavioral disruptions, cognitive characteristics, and associated conditions like Oppositional Defiant Disorder, anxiety disorders, and ADHD. The research also touches on the genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to autism. The study emphasizes the importance of local authorities and educators in providing appropriate special needs education within inclusive environments, ensuring that children with autism have access to the same rights and opportunities as their peers. Desklib provides access to similar documents and study resources for students.

Dissertation Title: ASD and Educational Provision Research Question: Who
Provide Educational Provision for Children with Autism Spectrum
Disorders?

Table of Contents
Abstract................................................................................
Acknowledgements..............................................................
Chapter 1: Introduction.............................................................
1.1 What is Autism.........................................
1.2 Background..............................................
1.3 Aims and Objectives...................................
Chapter 2: Methodology...............................................................
Description of methodology
Description of quantitative and qualitative
Description of secondary Research
2.1Methodological approach Research pattern............
2.2 Ethical Consideration................................
2.3 Analytical Structures.......................................
2.4 Constructing a PICO Question...........................
2.6 Keywords.......................................................
2.7 Limitation......................................
Chapter 3: Literature Review........................................................
3.1 Introduction

3.2 Children with Autism........................
3.3 Autism Type....................................
3.4 Pervasive Developmental Disorder...............
3.5 Asperger Syndrome......................................
3.6 Causes of Autism..............................................
3.7 Diagnosis and Treatment................................
3,8 Educational Provision for Autistic Children...........
3.9 Local Authorities Responsibilities and Roles In supplying Educational Provision for
Autism Childre.....................................................................
3.10 Provisions in mainstream schools and special need schools......
3.11 Health Care Expenditures Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders........
Chapter 4: Results or Findings..................................................
4.1 Number One: Findings is Delay in Diagnoses.......................
4.2 Number Two: Findings is Behaviour Disruption...................
4.3 Number Three: Findings is on Cognitive Characteristic.........
4.4 Number Four: Oppositional Defiant Disorder...................................................
4.5 Number Five: Anxiety Disorders......................................................................
4.6 Number Six: ADHD …...................................................................................
4.7 Number Seven: Learning Disorder..................................................................
4.8 Number Eight: Sensory Processing Problems.............................................
4.9 Number Nine: It is not just genetic: it is epigenetic.......................................
4.10 Number Eleven: Shared Mechanism: a spectrum within a spectrum.............

Chapter 5 Discussion....................................................
Chapter 6: Conclusion.......................................................................
Recommendation.................................................................................
References............................................................................................
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder for the lifelong that affects to the development
towards the behavior and the communication of the individual. There are different
symptoms and its effect is different in the different people. With the several medications
it can be cure like nauroleptics that treated the behavioral problems.
Thelocal authority and educators has to prove the proper education and the special
needs for those children and this need should be made possible, this must take place in
inclusive surroundings with those children that do not have the same need. The local
authority and others to make sure they provide educational need that will enable them
to have access on the same right with their grade to benefit from by carrying them along
without exclusion. To support the children with special educational needs that will help
them got skills to take part or become involved in an activity to level of their limit, so that
they can also work effectively in the social and the economic activities that happens in
the community in their own way and with the satisfied life (Educational Act 2004).

The aim of this current project is to find people that are responsible and their role in
providing educational provision for autistic children with special needs and the goal is to
discover To evaluate whether educational provision meet the quality standard of
education that are given to the children that are suffering from the Autism spectrum
disorder. This goal will cover assessment, early intervention, diagnosis, limitations,
findings and prevalence of children with autism.
The method of approach used for this current project is based on secondary literature
review research written by other researchers, abstract form google scholar, online
website, journal articles to get a good result of the research question which relate to
autism spectrum disorders.
There are few findings or results found from the literature review research such are;
children with autism have a disruptive behaviour which is quite challenging for both
parents and teachers at school and secondly, researchers found that approximately
over the 150 genes that are to be linked with the autism. With the changes in the layer
of genome that is termed as epigenome, scientist found the risk is appear more with the
change in this layer.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the lecturers, course mates for all their help and encouragement in making
sure that the dream expectation of this current project come true without giving up on it,
see this project through start to finish even though there are ups and down. There are
other people at the Center to thank for their time, generosity and thoughtfulness is also
acknowledged with gratitude. In doing of this current project, have help to enhance the
knowledge of understanding health and social science course level 3 foundation which
relate to human being day to day activities.

Chapter 1: Introduction
This current project will explore the concept of autism spectrum disorders and
educational provisions for children with autism together with other relevant words that
relate to the chosen topic of interest. It will highlight the aims and goals of this current
project and the background of autism spectrum disorders, it includes the research
question which is, Who Provide Educational Provision for Autism Children and will also
talk about the method system of approach together with PICO that was used to
formulate questions. It will also to find any gap in knowledge, result, weaknesses,
strength, findings and limitation.
1.1 What is autism?
The term autism that is also known from the name of Pervasive Developmental disorder
(PDD) is a general term that is used for describing the complex development of the
disorder that occurs in the brain of the person. This disorder is developed in the early
childhood of the person and gets difficulty to the person to do communication and
forming in the relationship with the others. It was first described in the year 1943 by the
Leo Kanner. He emphasis on the three key areas that people are suffering from the
disease can exhibit that is social isolation, insistence and abnormal language.
(Fischbach Gerald, 2007).
According to Leo Kanner, it is disorder that is developed from the early childhood or
from the birth till the life of the individual and it affects to the human behavior that are
interaction with the society, communication of the ideas and the feelings with the people
and building the relationships. It affects to the long life to the children that are affecting
from the disorder to keep the care of themselves, to be active with the community by
taking part and learn interaction with the society. It is a disorder that is origin from the
neurobiological that is based on the features of the developmental and the behavior. As
the causes of the Autism are not known yet and has link directly between the behaviour
and pathophysiology that is still rare and not influences effectively on the treatment and
the diagnoses. With the current research of biologics, like the genetics, it gives the
important implication to the families of the children suffering from the disorder.
(Fischbach Gerald, 2007).

With the research it is founded that with the Autism Spectrum Disorder represents with
the health issues in the public having in the 1 percent in the United States children that
are diagnosed with this disorder. People suffering from the ASD having the symptoms
that are to be associated with the medical conditions that are problem in sleeping,
seizures, metabolic conditions and the gastrointestinal disorder. That affects on the
development of social, education and the health impact. Problem that is gastrointestinal
is the major concern for the parents and also to the behavioural problems and other
issues like deregulated sleep. In addition, if any child notice to have a sign of developing
autism which means early dislike and being diagnosed of autism, a suitable assessment
must begin for that child (Daniel et al., 2012).
1.2 Background
Autism is also known as Asperger syndrome spectrum disorder. It is a diagnostic term
that official came onto the professional scene in 1994 within the diagnostic statistical
manual (DSM) IV and later sub named under the category of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD). This disorder is based in the neurological condition that means the people who
are suffering from this have from the birth and it should be for lifetime nevertheless, as
some of them grow into adulthood, is possible they may gain new skills and is they will
also outgrow some of the traits or use their strength to recoup their area of disorder
(Autism society, 2020).
According to Merlyn Krich and Lauren Wollschlager said that from the autism research
institute, autism is at a fast rate which is mainly common within children. Autism
prevalence in many years past, was unusual which just happen that 5 out of 10,000
children were affected with autism. In addition, from the year 1990s, the prevalence rate
of autism has been increasing in large amount throughout the globe. In March 2012, the
united states of America the federal centres for disease control said that 1 out of 88
children in USA has been confirmed with autism spectrum disorder which shows that as
many as 1.5 million Americans till this present day considered to experience autism.

ASDs are found in all socioeconomic ethnicity, and age groups. It is said that boys are
suffering 5 times more than the girls from this disorder.
From the finding in the 2014 it is marked that ASD prevalence have the variations when
it is formed by the geographical are, sex and the level of ability of the intellectuality. With
the differences in the prevalence it is founded in the black and white children in the
declining in most of the areas but in the Hispanic children it can be noticed. In the 2014,
the results came from the application of DSM- IV-TR and DSM-5 cases were the similar.
It can be stratiform by the sex, race, DSM-IV-TR subtype and to the level of the ability of
intelectualty.(Baio J et al., 2018).
Stephen Wiltshire was mute and could not associated with other people. At the age of
three Stephen was diagnosed and were affected with autism or become autistic, had no
language, who entirely lived alone in a different world. Stephen happened to be born on
April 1974 in London precisely United Kingdom by west Indian parents.
Stephen at the age of 5 years old, was sent to Queen-smile school in London where
everything about Stephen came into light through an instructor at Queens-mile who
encouraged Stephen to speak and the who gave pen to write something by taking away
Stephen art tools, responded by saying a word and was learned to speak fully at the of
9 years old that suddenly became strongly attracted with London buildings landmark
sketching. One of the teachers was interested about Stephen by going along with
Stephen whilst as to be the young children who did the drawing in the leisure activity by
entered in the completion of the children artwork and gained many awards to the
Stephen. The local press became more sceptical of Stephen early age could construct
such articulate drawings (Wiltshire Stephen, 2021).
Aims
The aim of this current project is to find out the people that are responsible and their
roles in providing educational provision for children with autism spectrum disorders and

what kind of provision that is most proper for them. To know the causes autism and the
problem appearing when making choice on these, in agreement of satisfactory
performance of quality standard of learning for children with autism. The aim will be in
collaboration agreement of sharing with one another's knowledge, experience and ideas
which allow parents and other professional to think on how to work effectively for good
outcomes that will better the lives of children with autism.
Objectives
To evaluate whether educational provision meet the quality standard of education
provided for children with autism spectrum disorder. This goal will cover assessment,
early intervention, diagnosis, limitations, findings and prevalence of children with autism.
Chapter 2: Methodology
Whatis method meant? Method is a particular way used to outline, collect, or select in
processing data on a topic. Method is an approach that allow the reader to read and
critically judge the work in general from the research articles, books related to the
project proposal research question and also get a clear clarification to understand what
the researcher or writer has written regarding to research of interest. In academia, there
are two major types of research method which are;
(Research support, 2021).
Qualitative and quantitative research, often these two versions of research are
framed as working against one another. But they simply serve two different purposes
and role in research area and they can work together to complement one another.
Quantitative research is powered by numbers, statistical analysis, mixed method
both combines, while Qualitative is powered by words, ideas, descriptors and concept
(Question Pro 2021).

Secondary research is method of the research that involves the uses of the existing
data. From the existing data that collects and gather the data to increases the research
overall effectiveness. Research material that is published in the review research and in
the other related data is involves in the secondary research. The documents or the data
can be available by the public, libraries, websites etc. Data can be stores by the
agencies that can be government and nongovernmental that use to study the aims. It is
more constructive data then the primary research as it is an existing data not like the
primary data where the data is collected first hand by the organization. (Question Pro
2021).
2.1 Methodological approach Research pattern
The aim of this proposed research is to know the people responsible and their roles in
supplying educational provision for autistic children both in mainstream schools and
special need schools. PICO will be used to formulate questions in order to get a clear
answer relate to autism spectrum disorders. It will also include keywords abstract from
the proposal research question to get more clarification, result, limitation, strength and
weaknesses or findings to the topic of interest.
The current project will use literature review strategy to explore the different approach
for the topic of interest. This approach is widely used in the extent of secondary
literature review. It will give a clear definition of this thesis abstraction to filter out the
idea, and critically evaluate the issues of the interest chosen topic in this research
(Dewey &Drahota, 2016). This literature review research forms a diversified of correct
analysis available for this literature incorporate of collecting data from earlier
researchers to discover the answers to the research question using online research
(Pare &Kitsiou, 2017).
2.2 Ethical Consideration

Ethical considerations may not be necessary because why, due to is a secondary
literature review not primary it has no human involvement rather It follows the principles
ethics of accessibility, straightforwardness, coalescing, availability, fairness, analysis,
and significance (Lame, 2019).
2.3 Analytical Structures
This current project research will employ the PICO structure to critically assess the
research questions. It is applied for crafting a research question which strain of four
elements which are, Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome that is
shortened as PICO. The population direct to the sample of the research such as
children and adolescence, while intervention direct to the service educational
intervention being proposed, comparison as direct to the evaluation and the outcomes
direct to the result evaluate whether educational provision meet the needs of autistic
children (Jensen, 2017). PICO research question will include constructing a PICO
question which will made up of four question parts. In this method, it will talk about
literature review and how the question was formulated form PICO.
Executing the search will be abstract from the online website database and online
journals article from the internet were used to get the clear answers to the research
question.
2.4 Constructing a PICO Question
This case research upon which the question is frame and the constructing PICO
question in this current project literature research will review the differentiation between
Special education provision and provisions in inclusion schools for children with autism
spectrum disorder. This will view to understand the duties of teachers and educational
professionals in this aspect. This will figure out the right suitable educational
intervention and to conclude on the provisions that are necessary for these children. It
will also help to understanding how to improve education provision for autistic children.
The research questions centered on this case study are;
2.5 Research Question

Population- Children affected with the disorder of Autism spectrum
Intercession- Educational interventions for the students with this disorder
Comparison- the differentiation between Special education provision and provisions in
inclusion schools
Outcome- To improve the provision of education for the Autism spectrum disorder
children.
2.6 Keywords used are; Autism spectrum disorders, children with autism and
educational provision
2.7 Limitations
The secondary studies do not necessarily include ethical considerations, and
this is not going to be a primary systematic literature review rather it will be a secondary
literature review due to the unexpected Covid- 19 pandemic crisis ongoing occurrence
and there will be no access to participants neither interview to take place in this current
project.
Chapter 3: Literature Review
3.1 Introduction
This literature review section will be a secondary literature review which has been
written by other researchers, it will help to review in order to abstract the rightful data
source to give a clear answer to the question and other relevant words relate to this
current project. it includes of the following, children with autism spectrum disorders,