Assessment 1: CASP Analysis of Qualitative Research (CNA672)

This assignment presents a detailed CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) analysis of a qualitative research study focusing on nurses' perceptions of climate and environmental issues. The student meticulously evaluates the research, addressing key questions about the study's validity, results, and applicability. The analysis covers various aspects, including the appropriateness of the research method (descriptive, explorative qualitative study with semi-structured interviews and focus groups), participant recruitment criteria, data collection methods (semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and transcription), and the data analysis process (thematic analysis using a tabular format). The student also examines the credibility of the generated themes, the value and relevance of the research, and potential limitations. The assignment demonstrates a strong understanding of qualitative research methodology and critical appraisal techniques.

Running head: ASSESSMENT 1
CASP: Qualitative Research
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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ASSESSMENT 1
Question 3
Yes.
The method chosen correspond with the stated aim. The authors selected descriptive,
explorative qualitative study with semi-structured in-depth individual interviews among 8
nurses and two focus group interview among 10 nurses (AnAaker et al. 2015). According to
Doody and Noonan (2013), in-depth semi-structured interview helps to gain a deep
understanding about the personal thoughts. Since the aim of the research was to understand
nursing perceptions, semi-structured interview is appropriate for the research. Moreover, the
focus group interview with open questions helps in understanding a different kind of
perception or the though process in a group (Doody, Slevin and Taggart 2013). This approach
helped the authors in understanding the perceived role o the nursing process development of
the sustainable environment in healthcare. The research also clearly stated the reasons behind
the selection of particular research methods. AnAaker et al. (2015) cited the work of Seidman
(2006) and stated that semi-structured interview offers flexibility to the researcher to discover
areas, which require detailed consideration during the conduction of interview.
Question 4
Yes.
There was a clear description of the criteria selected for the recruitment of the
individuals both the semi-structured interview and focus group interview. The main criteria
included nurse having experience of 1 to 26 years, selection of both male and female nurses
and selection of nurses practising in Sweden (AnAaker et al. 2015). Etikan, Musa and
Alkassim (2016) stated that stating the selection criteria helps to refine the reliability of the
sampling procedure. The main sampling approach used for the research is purposive

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sampling. Purposive sampling is a type of non-probability sampling. Though non-probability
sampling is found to produce biased results but purposive non-probability sampling is best
suited for small sample size. Moreover, in qualitative research, purposive sampling helps in
the selection of the information rich population associated with the main area of interest in
the research. Though there are various type of purposive sampling, criterion sampling is
commonly used format and in this research, the authors employed criterion purposive
sampling. However, the researcher failed to highlight the required information regarding the
group of nurses who were opted out of the study or are not selected under the focus group
interview. Robinson (2014) stated that having a clear explanation of the inclusion and
exclusion area helps to refine the degree of reliability of the sampling strategy.
Question 5
Yes.
Semi-structured in-depth interview was used for the collection of the data from 8
nurses. The interview was focused on the participants. AnAaker et al. (2015) used a detailed
interview guide and the guide was structured according to the purpose of the study. Callary et
al. (2015) stated that having a detailed interview guide helps in comparing the semi-
structured interview data with the focused group interview data. The overall interview
session was recorded in the audio-file along with the field notes. The recorded files were
transcribed afterwards into a written format manually. Ranney et al. (2015) reported that
noting down the field notes during the conduction of the interview helps the research in the
in-depth interview analysis. AnAaker et al. (2015) transcribed the text from both the focus
group discussion and individual interview and analysed in a single matrix. This helped in
easy comparison and analysis of the data. The authors also used headings in the matrix.
Giving different heading in the matrix of the interview data analysis helps to manifest

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different content of the interview separately and thereby helping to avoid significant
statements in the interview. However, the researcher failed to highlight the procedure adopted
to avoid data saturation during the focus group interview. Moreover, the research also failed
to highlight whether the written transcript was verified by the participants of the interview.
This can be considered as one of the ethical drawbacks of the research (Ranney et al. 2015).
Question 8
Yes.
The process of data analysis was clearly described in the research. AnAaker et al.
(2015) used a tabular format in order to highlight the significant statements, concluded
meanings along with the generated codes, category and sub-category. Gale et al. (2013)
stated that framework method for the analysis of the qualitative data is effective in the
nursing research in order to highlight the personal perspective.
The generation of themes from interview-data was done via indulging in discussion
with the researchers. The authors’ continuous decision helped to increase the credibility and
clarity of the interview data. The tabular presentation of the data highlighted the direct quotes
of the participants from the interview in order to highlight the process of the generation of the
themes. The AnAaker et al. (2015) give emphasis over both the positive and negative
perspective in order to generate the themes. Braun et al. (2019) stated that stated that
thematic analysis based on the use of the significant statements of the interview is the most
common form of the qualitative interview analysis. In the process of generation of themes,
both the positive and negative aspect of the interview must be taken into consideration in
order to generate authentic and unbiased themes.

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ASSESSMENT 1
Question 9
Three two themes are highlighted in the research and these themes include (i)
incongruence between climate and environmental issues and nurses daily work; and (ii)
public health work is regarded as a health co-benefit of climate change mitigation (AnAaker
et al. 2015). The generated themes ate credible because, generation of the themes has been
done by taking into consideration both the positive and negative aspect of the interview
excerpts. The confidence of the truth of the findings is based on the fact that during the
process of the generation of the themes the direct quotes of the respondents are referred.
Moreover, since the themes has been generated based on the lived experience of the nursing
processional, the credibility of the research is increased further. The process of triangulation
that is using more than one method of the data collection (semis-structured interview and
focus group interview) helped the authors to get a wide aspect of the process of the data
analysis (Braun et al. 2019).
Question 10
The research was valuable because, the authors were successful in explaining the
rationale for the conduction of the research. The authors highlighted in their discussion that it
is by far the first initiative in order to describe the perception of the nursing professionals
about the climate and the environment issues of the healthcare. The research helped in the
identification of the major parameters defining the environmental issues in the workplace and
thus the research might be helpful in decreasing the nurses’ turn-over in the healthcare
domain (AnAaker et al. 2015). The research is relevant under the nursing settings because the
study highlight that the offering of the lifestyle change program for the nursing professionals
provides an indirect contribution towards the sustainable development under public health
care domain. Wang and Liu (2015) stated that proper insurance of the work-place safety

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ASSESSMENT 1
while bringing innovation in the work culture of the nursing professionals under the hectic
environment of the healthcare sector can be prove to be helpful in reducing the nurse turn-
over and at the same time is helpful in increasing the dedication of the nursing professionals
towards their work. However the findings of the study is specific over one specific country
that is Sweden thus future research must be conducted in reference to the healthcare
environment of the other countries.

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ASSESSMENT 1
References
AnAaker, A., Nilsson, M., Holmner, A. and Elf, M., 2015. Nurses’ perceptions of climate and
environmental issues: a qualitative study. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(8), pp.1883-1891.
Braun, V., Clarke, V., Hayfield, N. and Terry, G., 2019. Thematic analysis. Handbook of
Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, pp.843-860.
Callary, B., Rathwell, S. and Young, B.W., 2015. Insights on the process of using interpretive
phenomenological analysis in a sport coaching research project. The Qualitative
Report, 20(2), pp.63-75.
Doody, O. and Noonan, M., 2013. Preparing and conducting interviews to collect data. Nurse
researcher, 20(5) pp. 33-35.
Doody, O., Slevin, E. and Taggart, L., 2013. Focus group interviews in nursing research: part
1. British Journal of Nursing, 22(1), pp.16-19.
Etikan, I., Musa, S.A. and Alkassim, R.S., 2016. Comparison of convenience sampling and
purposive sampling. American journal of theoretical and applied statistics, 5(1), pp.1-4.
Gale, N.K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S. and Redwood, S., 2013. Using the framework
method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC medical
research methodology, 13(1), p.117.
Ranney, M.L., Meisel, Z.F., Choo, E.K., Garro, A.C., Sasson, C. and Morrow Guthrie, K.,
2015. Interview‐based qualitative research in emergency care part II: data collection, analysis
and results reporting. Academic Emergency Medicine, 22(9), pp.1103-1112.
Robinson, O.C., 2014. Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and
practical guide. Qualitative research in psychology, 11(1), pp.25-41.

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Seidman, I., 2006. Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education
and the social sciences. Teachers college press.
Wang, S. and Liu, Y., 2015. Impact of professional nursing practice environment and
psychological empowerment on nurses' work engagement: test of structural equation
modelling. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(3), pp.287-296.