Assessment of Client Needs: Alcohol and Other Drug Related Issues

This report provides a comprehensive assessment of client needs related to alcohol and other drug (AOD) issues. It covers various aspects, including identifying client information needs, ethical considerations, and primary patient needs. The assessment explores the impact of life events, mandated treatment, and reasons for seeking help, emphasizing the importance of client confidentiality and trust. It delves into analyzing a person's history of drug use, coexisting issues like disability or mental illness, and the impact of substance abuse on family and social relationships. The report also discusses the use of assessment tools, collaboration with other professionals, and specific challenges faced by young and middle-aged individuals. It highlights the significance of patient consent, accurate data collection, and determination criteria for rehabilitation treatment, as well as the value of patient feedback in improving care and recommending treatments. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of detoxification and early intervention in drug retraction to safeguard patients from future health hindrances.

Assess Needs Of Clients With
Alcohol And Other Drugs
Issues

Table of Content.
Table of Content............................................................................................................................2
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
ASSEMENT 1.................................................................................................................................1
Assessment 2...................................................................................................................................8
Assessment 3.................................................................................................................................18

MAIN BODY
ASSEMENT 1
Question 1.1
1. While assessing the information client needs will be identified in proper mode. Existing
information of the client is used to interpret the history of client, their dependency of
drug. Client emotional or physical state and their mental regime. Source of information is
criminal records, their physical assessment or data gather from client family.
2. To provide the client evidence-based approach for the management, there is need to
proceed the client info in the ethical manner. This must include to threat all client without
discrimination irrespective of their gender, religion or belief they follow. This symbolise
as consent of client and family should be taken before viewing past report.
3. Two primary need of the patient is having the security of care from the provider and
accurate identification of the trouble they are facing. To counter it, they can communicate
to AOD specialist will guide patient about harm minimise actions and counsellor will
motive the patient to incorporate it.
Question 1.2
1. When the individual s facing the major life adulteration which include either death of
loved one or a stress in relationship. One might experience any sever accident or the
physical abuse and there is development of the ambitious behaviour which individual is
not able to control.
2. Mandate treatment not only include the care therapy to the patient but it also includes
having the voluntary control over the client actions in order to improve the therapeutic
relationship. Here the provider aim is to provide effective empowering to client to ensure
their demands are fulfil.
3. While evaluating the cause of effort with the client, provider will able to reduce the
impact of illness in client health and the positive approaches which will help them to
challenge the affect they are going through. Reason for help is mental trauma or past
experience. To seek help client can contact to AOD specialist, physician or family.
Question 1.3
1. Information provided by the patient are need to be kept confidentially to ensure that legal
and ethical approaches the clinician is using. This information will help the clinician to
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build the trust relationship with patient and their family members. As it will help clinician
to provide better healing action by ensuring that people feel safe.
2. Expectation during the client confidentially includes the information provided are been
passed to others for the providing better care to patient as advice is taken. Other than
reporting the information to safeguards the client form the social or ethical misconduct or
discrimination but client consent is required.
3. The information of the client is shared after taking their confidential as to regulate their
respect of the patient decision when they don't want it to accelerate it to others. Only
when clinicians find that sharing information must affect the patient health, then they can
addressed the condition to others which is the mandatory reporting.
Question 1.4
1. While providing the assessment to the client it is important for the provider to first built
the trust full relationship with the client as to ensure them the effective approaches are
provided to improve the health. Client must be informed with the techniques they have
been ongoing with and the instance at which its impact will be ocular in health.
2. Screening and the assessing tools are used here in the organization to identify the AOD
use by the clients, the harm it has cause in body functioning and the associated risk which
are need to be managed. It also include the data of patient past history and the cause of
dependency.
3. To identify the patient understanding the, their body language is asses and the feedback is
taken about the measure they think can be done. Other than clinician can ask them to
repeat the instruction provided.
Question 2.1
1. While analysing the person history, it is important to identify the family history of
addiction that the person has gone through with, peer pressure that person is going
through and the reason behind it. It must include the analysis of family involvement and
the belief they follow. To analyse the pattern of drug use includes the the frequency from
which the consumptions is going on while communicating with the person. Through
analysing frequency dependency and magnitude of consumption is collected.
2. Question includes:
- Different changes they can interpret before consumption of drugs and now.
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- How is their mental and physical power.
- Reason they have been started the consumption of the drugs.
- Culture they follow and and magnitude of frequency consumption of drug.
- Allergic reaction they have or witnessing recently.
- History of drug they have been using.
Question 2.2
1. Coexisting issue that the client must have gone through might accelerate the chance of
reversion of dependency in patient or the aggravate which might alter the treatment
effect. Patient might have gone through with either disability, mental illness or legal
troubles. Disability interfere client cognition of self care as they might carry through with
various impairment and mental illness lowers the patient self esteem or cause the panic
attacks.
2. While providing care to the patient who might self injure themselves, counsellor must be
assign to them. These sessions are designed to analyse trigger point of patient as to
provide the management techniques when the risk elevates back again. Their must be
review of patient family history, trauma or mental health troubles they are going through.
The factors like employment or family insecurity which might be the cause of physical or
mental abuse is need to be analysed. Clinician should provide the encouragement actions.
Question 2.3
1. Healthy family relationship alleviate the faster recovery of individual from the recovery.
This might be disrupted when the substance addiction arises which result in prevention of
new relation or broke out the old one. This inattention from family result in more
defensive behaviour or conflicts in the family.
2. Social relationship due to abuse lead to affective spacing from family which outcome is
seen through the emotional abuse or isolation individual face. To deal with these troubles
one accelerates their consumption which can breakdown the individual fully. Individual
make distance and pickoff stealing or buying illegal drugs. ]
3. To identify the relationship status the effective communication sessions are kept with the
client and their family. It is done by evaluating the perceptive of each other in accurate
manner. The extent of it is interpret by assess frequency of loyalty.
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Question 2.4
1. Roizens 4L model is used to convert the individuals from pre contemplation phase where
one is not able to analyse the trouble they are facing in their own behaviour to the
contemplation stage. In this stage people get alert for issue they are facing. They need to
forthcoming help to resolve it.
2. These tools are used by by the clinicians to interpret the action which might affect the
patient care. Its consumption is done according to the client needs or purpose for which
identification is need to be done. It is done to analyse frequency of AOD dependency and
legal or financial state.
3. Question for screening must include the magnitude of alcohol one takes on daily basis
and the assessment is need to be done if consumption is for more than 2 units. What is the
post and pre affect of consumption.
Question 2.5
1. Collaboration with other professionals are required to fulfil patient needs and care in
accurate manner. Other professionals might include the psychologist to access mental
health and counsellor to access the occurrence patient is going through. It also includes
dietician for healthy regime will reduce the upcoming liver or cognitive illness and home
nursing staff.
Question 2.6
1. It has been found that young generation is major vulnerable unit which easily attracts
towards the drug or alcohol dependency when they experience troubles. The cause of
these peers are either the academic pressure they are getting from family or breakdown of
any relationship. Weal support might trigger them for consumption.
2. Triggers for the young generation are either the lack of emotional or physical support or
the academic pressure they are getting from, it can be reduced by providing them
motivational or behavioural therapy. Middle age people triggers are primarily the
employment troubles, relationship breakdown traumas or death of any loved one. These
when not control might develop disability or associated disorder.
3. Challenges is due to their altered belief execution there is communication objection
which is need to cover by having collaboration with ethno-speicific services. It involves
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assessing each patient need and clearing out misconception form due to cultural or
language barrier.
4. It is done by conducting the patient review data which include the gender difference face
by them in the society. It include interpreting the psychological or mental trouble that
patient is going through and action which patient demands. Different disposition of
patient for forthcoming life. Also include the review of treatment they are getting.
5. Major two identification is client lack of encouragement in the treatment which
symbolise either the patient is not satisfy with the service provided or proper cause is not
interpreted. Client don't take care of instance at which the medicaments are need to be
taken is identification of unwillingness of the treatment they are getting.
Question 3.1
1. After assessing the record of client, it is necessary to take the consent from patient before
sharing information to one who aren't involved in providing the care to them directly or
indirectly. The data collected must be accurate while covering required standards or
diagnostic observation are made by the well-qualified individual. No individuals are need
to covered in the record. No misconception or the forthcoming impacts need to be
discussed with the clients as it will trigger treatment or condition of client.
2. Determination criteria includes various detox or counselling session for the client as to
analyse the proper understanding of client opinions. When analyse in accurate manner, it
will safeguard the organisation to provide the high-fidelity review on the rehabilitation
treatment. It must also include various outreach or supported accommodative for the
patient.
Question 3.2
1. These client assessment reports are required to provide the accurate care to the patient
which includes best comprehensive support to manage the health condition. Report form
must be associated with the client consideration or the instance they are going through
with. The report must have all the actions that have been done for the assessment of these
supportive plan.
AOD use consideration of the client must include the frequency of dependency that client
has, its history and the structure or figure of consumption phase of the client. It also
includes the triggers which have been cause of dependency in patient which might
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includes associated disability or abuse they have been gone through. Clients social or
family relationship is also analysed in this report and the measure to improve it. Client
must encourage in the family to cope out of the dependency.
Question 3.3
1. Patient feedback provides the valuable action or services which are analysed after
providing them care according to the troubles they are facing. Through this once can
understand the actions which are operative well and one that are not. The positive
impacted actions are need to be improved more to delivered improved care.
It must include the recommend treatments which the organisation provided to improve
the health or the counselling sessions to design the goals of treatment. It must include the
adulteration that need to be done in lifestyle to counter the risk forthcoming.
2. Patient must go on with the detoxification which is symbolise primarily as withdrawal of
dependent drugs to safeguard them from future health hindrance associated. It is
recommended as withdrawal treatment needs huge magnitude of instance. Early attention
for drug retraction might support the patient to reduce the harm. It is done by providing
the follow-up support or restricting actions.
Question 4.1
1. Ways to identify the issue that are out of the cope is to regularly communicating with the
client about what they feel or the adulteration they are going through. When having the
continuos interaction with the client, one must be able to understand the upcoming client
needs and through it once can understand the range of opportunities one can deliver or
not. For this the individual who are delivering service must have in-depth knowledge of
organisation objectives.
2. Co-exiting issue of the patient like the behaviour trauma, physical disability or the mental
illness are the services which are out of the scope. The support for these issues is
providing by referring them the other specialist which can provide them supportive plan
for the other issues they are going through with.
Question 4.2
1. Intervention for appropriate service or support must be provided to the client while
assessing their condition must include various treatment measure including harm
reduction or the action that will benefit the client to withdrawal the dependency caused.
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Rehabilitation or counselling services are provided to patient to redeem health condition.
It must include the providing safe environment or better guidance.
Client must require the support during the treatment instance as to regulate the treatment action
in more effective manner and it might reduce the chance of reversion of dependency back.
Family or friends support will inspire the patient for commitment of recovery for them and help
them to be bounded with the limitation provided.
Question 4.3
1. There are two options which are includes counselling method as well as self-help
programs. The counselling method are includes self-help, motivational interviewing, brief
intervention, intensive counselling as well as replace prevention. The self-help program is
encourages the persons to understand as well as supports each others.
2. Seeking help is reduce the cost as well as impact of illness and it allows more persons to
thrive and flourish and contributes to a more positive society. Some people seek
counselling because they have experienced a stressful or traumatic life events as well as
speaking with a counsellor helps.
3. The different counselling techniques help to build a good relationship with the patients
and taking into confidence the counsellor by the allowing to open and after
understandings the situation advising him to face the harsh realities of life as well as
society. It is also provide the tools and insights to manage mental health issues, such as
anxiety as well as depression.
Question 4.4
1. Informed consent is the process where the patient is provided the crucial information about
risk or benefits associated with the treatment provided to them. They must have proper
knowledge of the actions implemented and the factors which might cause the difficulty or right
which the patients own. The patient must not be forced to implement the changes either they are
provided with the counselling sessions for the effectiveness of the alteration they are need to be
address.
2. When the client find difficulties to interpret the information, sign language or visual analysis
board is provided to ensure that client interpret the clump. Must not use the medical terms as
client will face issue and might lead to frustration. Encourage client to communicate the trouble
they are facing without any hesitation. To seek client attention concise the information.
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Question 4.5
1. Client must have the positive attitude towards the treatment organisation are providing
and when they will feel encourage and involve in treatment then only healing will be
valued by the patient. Patient must provide the accurate information to the organisation
and respect their instance.
2. Referral of the client for different option must be provided while taking the consent from
the client. Practical approaches are provided to the client for their rights and support plan
which might provide the the better care to patient. One can provide the experience or the
achievement of the trainer as to motivate them for care.
Question 4.6
1. There are assist in the acknowledge and respect their identity and unique needs and these
are including their culture, families, priorities, concerns and levels of trauma. These are
necessary for the agency and choice work together to explore what information they want
shared and respect their views.
2. There are some constant requirements which are related with the provision of assessment
information and these are comprehension which is the ability to understand and remain
information, decision-making which is the ability to weight up information and reach a
decision and communication which h is associated with the ability to communicate th3e
decision made.
Assessment 2
1. legal ethical consideration in AOD work.
a) when dealing directly with the children, it is includes
 implementation of UN convention
 the rights of the child
 The child right to privacy
 Mandatory reporting
 Responsibilities of parents and guardians
 the requirements for consent
 Changing your mannerism and the manner of speaking to be relevant to the child to
ensure trust and comfort.
b) Codes of conduct
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the codes of practices are applied to the workers who has duty of care in the
circumstances described in the codes. The support workers must monitor as well as evaluate their
work place environment, including their work safety. The codes of conducts are includes:
 first ait in the workplace environment
 hazardous manual tasks
 managing risk
 Preventing falls
 Safety design of structures in the workplace
c) Codes of practices
the codes of practice is provides practical guidance for person who have work health and safety
duties. The health and safety duties requires duty holders to consider all risk associated with
work.
D) Discrimination: the equal opportunity legislation makes it unlawful to treat anyone less
favourably on the basis of specific attributes or personal characteristic such as gender,
race, disability or age in certain areas of public life. There are several person are
subjected to discriminatory treatment on the basis of their social status in particular their
status as well as homeless persons.
e) Dignity of risk
it is explained as self-determination and taking responsibilities for one's management as
well as autonomy and willingness to take informed and planned risk in order to grow. It is refers
to the legal rights of the every person including those with a disability, to make choices and take
risk in order to learn.
f) Duty of care
the duty of care is a legal duty to take reasonable care so that others are not harmed and involves
identifying risks and taking reasonable care in response to these risks. All mental health
employees are need to be able to accurately apply a duty of care as well as liabilities to
professional practices.
g) Human rights
the human rights are equality, fairness, participation as well as transparency are all significant in
the law making processes and enforcement of the law. The rule of the law is essential for
international peace, security as well as social progress.
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h) informed consent
the informed consent is one of the founding principles of research ethics. Its intent is that
human participants can enter research voluntarily with full information about what it means for
them to take part and that give consent before they enter the research. These are includes freely
given, must be specifically particular to the procedure and must be informed.
I) Mandatory reporting:
the mandatory reporting is a term which are used to describes the legislative requirements which
are specified required by law to report suspected cases of child abuse and neglect the government
authorities.
j) Practise standards
The practice standard are explain the use of a tool, techniques or process identified in the
professional standard. These includes the standards of the practice and legal and ethical
requirements for professional practices.
k) Privacy, confidentiality and disclosure, including limitation.
The privacy principles from the core of the private sector provisions if privacy legislation. These
are includes open and transparent management of personal information, collection of the
personal information and anonymity and pseudonymity.
The confidentiality is a high priorities in regard to health care rights and workers are bound with
the law. The law is vary according to the different age.
The disclosure is associated with the mental health act which enables health information to be
disclose in a specific condition to ensure that mental illness receive effective treatment care.
l) record management
This is refers to the many legal, organizational and ethical requirements for record management,
knowledge of these in context to particular work is vital. The service providers must have system
in place to store, create and dispose of staff and customer records. The system can refer to
manual as well as electronic database.
m) The rights and responsibilities of workers, employers and clients
these are the different according to the specific unit of competency and to the unit that is bring
taught but generally training. These are consider employment conditions and key industrial
relation issue for sectors.
n) Specific AOD legislation
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National alcohol and other drug initiatives that may apply to the person includes
 National Campaign Against Drug Abuse, 1985
 National Drug Strategic plan, 1991
 National drug strategy, 1993
 National public health partnership, 1996
 National drug strategic framework, 1998
o) work role boundaries-responsibility and limitation
these are refer to the requirements to work in the surroundings of the role and scope of practice
and these are essential concept in community service. These are explained as various workers
involved and responsibilities of the workers which depend upon the situations.
p) work health and safety
these are the legal obligation which are essential for the organization which are consider
community services, to comply with work and safety legislation. The model WHS act requires a
person conducting a business or undertaking to ensure the health and safety for their workers.
2) person with alcohol and other drugs issues may have a range of complex requirements.
These are involves in the assessment of clients with AOD issues. These is need to
determine the eligibility and the service requirement then manage referrals. There is need
knowledge of factors affecting different clients group including different gender. There
are wide range of factors which are including their psychological development, social as
well as family relationship, cultural factors and the medical conditions. There is need to
identify co-existing issues such as mental problems , violence, self-harm and abuse as
AOD problems can early indicator of this.
3) The agency role is provide the inspiration, direction and guidance and performance
management to creative team members. They play active role in the development of the
business. The local communities achieve agency through a dynamic mix of bonding and
bridging ties. These are close with suggestions for fostering community agency and flag
the requirements for research areas. The role of agency in brand building as well as
maintaining the image of the organization by addressing cohesiveness and overcoming
challenges.
4) The risk assessment process is including the identification of the drug and alcohol
abusive. The is also includes the determination of the level of dependence as well as the
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length of dependence. These is also determine the individual objectives and expectations,
client current status and any history of pattern drugs use. Then evaluate the level of risk
and take the precaution for the risk. There is need to records all findings for the review if
the assessment procedure as well update of essential.
5) a) types of tools
 Psycheck
 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification
 DASS 21
 Kessler 10 (K-10) (PDF, 51 KB)
 Severity of Dependence Scales (PDF, 92 KB)
 Indigenous Risk impact screen
 substances and Choices Scale
 mental state examination.
b) these tools can be useful means of gathering data by providing a reliable and valid views of
the client's difficulties and current condition. These are assist in the increasing the detection of
co-occurring disorders and to indicate when a detailed assessment of co-occurring disorder is
warranted.
c) the assessment tools carry a method of evaluating information to determine how person
knows and whether this knowledge aligns with the bigger picture of a theory. These tools
are includes the information of the assessment clients who may at risk of alcohol or other
drug use. They can identify the motivation, dependence, mental health status, quality of
life risk and client risk.
d) the standardised tools can be useful means of gathering data by providing a reliable and valid
view of the client's difficulties and current life situation. This can helpful information to
formulate a therapy plan or to pass the other therapies working with person.
f) the tools a screening tools as a brief questionnaire or procedure that examines risk factors,
mental health symptoms and both are determined depth assessment is needed on a particular area
of concern such as mental health, trauma or substances.
6) a) the client is needed the objectives assessment and there life in far more detail so that
accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment placement, problem lists and treatments goals can be
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achieves. This is guide to using the refreshed alcohol and other drug intake and assessment tools
with clients.
b) the pattern drug stages is begin with experimentation, regular use, risky use, dependence and
then addiction. These assist In the recognize the seek help, regardless. The history addresses all
substances used and includes age at first use. The patterns of use is including the amounts and
routes of administration.
c) the client can face seizures, stroke, mental confusion and brain damage. These are also have
lung disease, problem with memory, attention and decision making which make daily living
more difficult.
d) the co-existing issues are including suicide, mental illness and use of alcohol and other drugs.
These issues are recognized widely as a major health concern, directly affecting millions or
people.
7. a) the level of dependence in AOD is determined as:
 Often feeling the need to have a drink
 getting into trouble because of drinking
 Other people warning about how much they are drinking
 Thinking their drinking is causing problems
b) the length of dependence is explained as the drinking in larger amounts or over a
longer period than intended. Persistence desire or one more unsuccessful efforts to cut down or
control drinking. Essential social, occupational or recreational activities given up or reduced
because of drinking.
c) Those people who are concerning a AOD use health status have mental issues also face
higher rates of replace as well as subsequent hospital visit, imprisonment and
unemployment.
8) common coexisting conditions and associated issues
a) Physical Condition: - Drugs and alcohol majorly effect all the parts of a human body.
They seriously crumble human health by effecting their immune system. They can also
cause a various type of symptoms like chest pain; abnormal heart rate and it can also
cause heart attack.
b) Sensory Condition: - Sensory processing disorder leads person to the oversensitive
towards things in their surroundings. Sensory processing to the disorder in which human
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brain has facing to receive responding towards the information that come through the
sensors. Sensory disorder may affect like, hearing, touch, or taste.
c) Intellectual Conditions: - Chronic use of drugs and alcohol can leads human body to both
long term as well as short term changes in their brain, which can lead to mental health
issues like depression, anxiety, short temper, or many other problems.
d) Psychiatric Condition: - Psychiatric disorder is also called as mental illness of person
who is associated with the drugs & alcohol. Mental disorder leads human body to sudden
mood swings, eating disorder, addictive behaviour, suicidal thinking. Mental illness can
create problems in daily life such as at school, work or in relationship.
9) a) for youth these are includes:
 build a rapport
 Understand their values
 find out what impact they want to make
 help them understand their strengths
 talk about the importance of communication
 Let them teach something
 Be structured, yet flexible.
 Think globally.
b) older people
 Avoid shouting
 Use body language such as gestures.
 Take time to ensure the person has heard as well as understood.
 Ask the person how can best communicate with them
c) Different Gender: - There are few factors that have to take under consideration while
dealing with different gender that they already have the stress of high rate of minority
stress including physical and sexual, gender related victimization and stigma
discrimination because of there gender identity.
d) Meditated vs Voluntary Client: - Voluntary client are basically believe in intrinsically
motivated. This view is challenged by study that exhibit recognize compulsion in
voluntarily admitted to service user.
e) Aboriginal and/or Torres Straits Islanders people including impacts of trauma
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While dealing with this type of drug & alcohol addict person we have to consider
protective and risk factors that have a high impact of on social emotional wellbeing and
rate of depression among aboriginal and Torres straits islander’s people.
f) Culturally and linguistically diverse people: - Cultural is important in substance abuse
treatment because client’s experience of cultural precede and also influence their clinic
experience. We have to understand the concept that refer to shared set of belief, norms,
and value among any group of people.
10 . A) The risk assessment procedure is combines consideration of psychological and social
factors as part of a comprehensive review to capture patients care needs and assess their
risk of harm to others.
b) the safety planning and other management strategies is a effective intervention for
reducing the patient risk for suicide-related behaviour. Safety planning is brief intervention to
assist the individual to survive suicidal crises by having them develop a set of steps to
decrease the like hood of engaging in suicidal behaviour.
c) there are several suicides are related with psychiatric disease, with depression, substances use
disorder and psychosis being the most relevant risk factors. The self-harm is means that hurting
itself for the purpose of suicide.
d) the mental illness has various essential ethical issues which are different from others medical
disciplines. These issues are related with the informed consent, confidentiality, conflict of
interest, therapeutic misconception, placebo related, vulnerability, exploitation and operational
challenges.
e) the no suicides contracts initiated prior to inpatient discharge are often viewed as an indicator
that the client is safe and ready for discharge. The completion of a thorough risk assessment that
indicates the client has responded to treatment or that the client’s risk factor has decreased
sufficiently.
11) a) it is appropriate to refer someone to another professional if something within the
counselling relationship affects ability to provide therapy. There are some people for instance
may flirt causally with their therapists.
b) The referral must include all of the following: relevant clinical information about the patient’s
conditions for investigation, opinion, treatment and management.
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12) a) Alcohol: - Alcohol is a drink that contain ethanol. Alcohol is a central nervous system
depressant. That mean it is a drug that slow down the brain activity. That can also change mood,
behaviour, or self-control.
b) Cannabis: - Cannabis is also known as marijuana. That is made by dried leaves and flowering
tops of the Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica plant. Cannabis contains active chemicals called
that cause drug-like effects all through the body.
c) Tobacco: - Tobacco is made from the leaves from tobacco plant. That contain nicotine, after
harvesting, tobacco leaves are cured and aged in different ways.
d) Illicit: -Illicit drug are those that are illegal to make, sell or use. This are like non-medical use
of drugs that are legally available such as pain killer and sleeping pills.
e) Prescription: - It is a pharmaceutical drug that require doctor prescription to be dispensed.
f) Other Prevalent Drugs: - Any substance that is used to prevent, diagnose or to relieve for a
disease or abnormal condition.
g) A current and emerging trend in drug type: -Drug use and resulting health effect as change in
new trends and drug formulation emerge and become more widely use.
13) a) the prevalence and pattern of drugs use is one of the key indicators used by the EMCDDA
to assess the drug situation. It helps with the understanding’s patterns of use, risk perceptions,
social and health correlates and consequences of the use of the illicit drug.
b) the primary property of the drugs comprises the structural, psychochemical, biochemical,
pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of a compound. The primary properties are
including solubility, permeability, metabolic stability and transporter effect.
c) there are different drugs pose different danger and these can lead to dependence and addiction,
injury and accidents, health problems, sleep issues and many more.
D) the preventive/ intervention strategies are includes the information dissemination,
prevention education, alternatives, problem identification or referral, community
based process and environmental approach.
14) the drugs are Naltrexone or Vivitrol, Buprenorphine, methadone.
a) sign and symptoms includes nausea, headache, dizziness, anxiety, tiredness and trouble in
sleeping.
b) tolerance and dose levels: the Naltrexone Hydrochloride tablet are available as 50 mg.
tolerance to naltrexone’s effect does not appear to occur.
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c) stages and symptoms of withdrawal: the stages are includes the first use, continued use,
tolerance, dependence and addiction.
d) a) Malnutritional refer to getting too little or too much certain nutrients. These may lead to
serious health issues which are considers stunted growth, eye problem and heart disease.
b) Blood borne disease are caused by pathogens such as virous or bacteria that are carried in
blood and can cause disease in persons.
c) skin infections are frequents in persons living or working in overcrowded, unhygienic
conditions.
15) a) Experimental: all people who use substances will go through a period of experimentation.
This process will determine how and if a person will use the drug.
b) recreational/ social: these are the drugs which are basically is a tolerated social behaviour,
rather than perceived as the medical condition of self-medication.
c) Situational: these are use when a drug is used to cope with the demands of particular situation.
These are used in specific situation such as during surgery or after an injury.
d) Dependence: It is a drug addiction and abuse of drugs or alcohol that continues even when
significant problems which are associated to their use have developed.
16. The therapeutic substitutions can occur when a pharmacist can substitute a chemically
various drug which the physician generally prescribe it. In this, the drug mainly substituted by
the pharmacists mainly belongs to the same pharmacologic class as well as to the same
therapeutic class as well. The drug substitution is no less harmful than the addiction to a single
main substance. On the other hand, it can add harm by strengthening the effective behavioural
patterns which can underlie the addiction of drug and various other forms of addiction. In
addition to this, while the addicts can believe that the drug substitution can free them from the
burden of having addiction, this such substitution generally does nothing to change the specific
thoughts as well as the behaviours which can lead to and can encourage the addiction. It
generally does nothing to change the urge in order to change the basic functional chemistry of
the human brain.
17. The concept of polydrug is mainly used by members of the states is generally the use of
more than one drug or the type of drugs used by a person, specifically used at the similar
time or can be sequentially. In this, the possible common drug interactions such as
angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitor and the potassium supplements, angiotensin
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converting enzymes inhibitor and the spironolactone, Digoxin and Verapamil, Warfarin
and Macrolides, Digoxin and Amiodarone and many more. In context with Angiotensin
Converting Enzymes Inhibitor, these are mainly used to control the blood pressure as
well as to treat the heart failure and an early kidney illness. For example, Lisinopril,
Benazepril and enalapril. The Angiotensin Converting Enzymes Inhibitor can specifically
enhance the potassium levels within the body. however, if the potassium supplements are
co-administered with the Angiotensin Converting Enzymes Inhibitors, there is a possible
for the increasing potassium levels within the body.
Assessment 3
CLIENT A:
Client A is a 16-year-old male with involving a normal birth history and the
developmental milestones as well as belonging to a low socioeconomic status, generally was
brought to the outpatient department by his mother who consented as well as permitted along
with the child while writing the report, generally complained that the client was smelling a
rubber based adhesive by using a handkerchief from last 3 years. In this, there was a specific
family history of alcohol dependence in the father. During his phase of acute alcohol intoxication
alone, the adolescent generally complained of headache, nausea, having excessive somnolence,
dizziness therefore when combined with the glue sniffing, ataxia, diaphoresis as well as
disorientation were mainly complained of in addition. In this, the client has also developed the
blurring of the vision as well as inability to perceive the numbers and letters within the central
visual field as well as fixed hearing deficits in order to enhance the frequency sounds was noted,
more prominent during the last months, during which the period mainly combined the abuse was
specifically done. In addition to this, having an advanced enhancement of the tendency of
disorientation, violence, restlessness was specifically noticed by the family in the form of
outburst of anger, assaultive, abusive behaviour within the last 2 months during which the
consumption of alcohol has been accelerated.
CLIENT B:
Client B was a 42-years-old, married for 12 years from the middle socioeconomic
background, generally hailing from the urban region of Kamrup district of Assam. The Client B
was generally admitted in the healthcare organization for the alcohol associated issues. The case
was generally referred to the department of psychiatric social work for an adequate psychosocial
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assessment and its associated interventions. In addition to this, the Client was mainly exposed
towards the motivation advancements as well as relapse prevention therapy. There is a baseless
assessment on the understanding of the drinking pattern, abstinence period, locus of control, the
internal relationships issues, the coping patterns as well as the attitude of the client towards
drinking was done.
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