CS-2009 Assignment 2: Detailed Analysis of Computer System Components

This assignment, completed by Shuishbaev Nuruddin for CS-2009, explores fundamental computer system components. It identifies the four components of a computer system: processor, main memory, input devices, and output devices. The assignment defines the computing environment and breaks down the CPU into its key components: the control unit, immediate access store (registers), and arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). It differentiates between input, processing, storage, and output devices. The assignment also includes number system conversions (binary, decimal, and hexadecimal), bit and byte calculations, and the purpose of hexadecimal notation. Finally, it delves into ASCII code, providing binary representations of strings and requiring conversion from hexadecimal to ASCII.

Assignment 2
Author: Shuishbaev Nuruddin
Group: CS-2009
Task 1.
Identify the components of the system
1.Identify the 4 components of computer system.
Answer:
Processor
Main memory(storage)
Input devices
Output devices
2. What is the environment?
Answer:
A computer system uses many devices, arranged in different ways to solve many
problems. This constitutes a computing environment where many computers are
used to process and exchange information to handle multiple issues.
3. Identify the components of CPU?
Answer:
The CPU is made up of three main components, the control unit, the immediate
access store and the arithmetic and logic unit.
The control unit controls the flow of data within the system.
The control unit controls and monitors communications between the hardware
attached to the computer. It controls the input and output of data, checks that
signals have been delivered successfully, and makes sure that data goes to the
correct place at the correct time.

Immediate access store
The immediate access store is where the CPU holds all the data and programs that
it is currently using. You can think of it like the numbers typed into a calculator –
they are being stored inside the calculator while it processes the calculations. The
immediate access store is often referred to as the registers in the CPU.
Arithmetic and logic unit
The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is where the CPU performs the arithmetic and
logic operations. Every task that your computer carries out is completed here.
Even typing into a word processor involves adding binary digits to the file, and
then calculating which pixels on the screen should change so that you can see the
characters.
Task 2.
1. What are the input devices?
Answer:
In computing, an input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and
control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or
information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse,
scanners, joysticks, and microphones.
2. What are the process devices?
Answer:
Processing devices are the components responsible for the processing of
information within the computer system. This includes devices such as the
CPU, memory and motherboard.
3. What are the storage devices?
Answer:
Storage devices are components which allow data to be stored within a computer
system. This includes devices such as hard disk drives and compact disk drives.
4. What are the output devices?
Output devices take data from the computer system and convert it to a form that
can be read by humans. For instance a monitor creates a visual electronic display
to output information created by the processor to the user.(printer,
speaker,headphone, etc)

Task 3.
a. Complete the following chart by converting the numbers given in one of the
notations to the other two. Show calculations
Binary Decimal Hexadecimal
101010101 341 155
1000100101 549 55
1101 13 D
11111010 250 FA
10101111 175 AF
111001011 459 1CB
1110101001 937 3A9
101010111100 2748 ABC
1111011011 987 3DB
b. What is the minimum number of bits that can be used to represent the decimal
number 213? (Hint: convert 213 to binary.)
Answer: 11010101
c. What is the minimum number of bytes that can be used to represent the decimal
number 914?
Answer: binary 1110010010, 10 bit = 2 byte
d. What is a purpose of using hexadecimal notation?
Answer:
Hexadecimal numerals are widely used by computer system designers and
programmers, as they provide a human-friendly representation of binary-coded
values. Each hexadecimal digit represents four binary digits, also known as
a nibble, which is half a byte. For example, a single byte can have values ranging
from 00000000 to 11111111 in binary form, which can be conveniently
represented as 00 to FF in hexadecimal.
e. What is ASCII code?
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the name of
the table; in some common printable and non-printable characters, numeric codes
are mapped. The table was established and standardized in the United States in
1963.
The ASCII table defines codes for characters:
decimal digits;
Latin alphabet;
national alphabet;
punctuation marks;
control characters.

Task 4.
a. “Sun” in binary representation is 01010011 01110101 01101110 .
b. “Hi” in binary representation is 01001000 01101001 , which is equivalent to
(18537) || (72 && 105) in decimal representation.
c. 01100011 01100001 01110010 01100101 01100101 01110010 01110011 is
the binary representation of the ASCII string c a r e e r s.
d. 0x73747564656e7473 is a hexadecimal representation of the ASCII string
____________.
Author: Shuishbaev Nuruddin
Group: CS-2009
Hexadecimal to decimal
Task4D.
0x73747564656e7473 is a hexadecimal representation of the ASCII string
____________.
73 74 75 64 65 6e 74 73
73
7*pow(16,1)=112 and 3*pow(16,0) 112+3=115 (dec)
74
7*pow(16.1)=112 and 4*pow(16,0) 112+4=116(dec)
75
7*pow(16.1)=112 and 5*pow(16,0) 112+5=117(dec)
64

6*pow(16.1)=96 and 4*pow(16,0) 96+4=100 (dec)
65
6*pow(16.1)=96 and 5*pow(16,0) 96+5=101 (dec)
6e
6*pow(16.1)=96 [e=14]
14*pow(16,0) 96+14=110 (dec)
74
7*pow(16.1)=112 and 4*pow(16,0) 112+4=116(dec)
73
7*pow(16,1)=112 and 3*pow(16,0) 112+3=115 (dec)
Decimical to binary
115 /2= 57 R1
57/2=28 R1
28/2=14 R0
14/2=7R0
7/2=3R1
3/2=1R1
1/2=0R1 1110011
116/2=58 R0
58/2=29 P0
29/2=14 R1
14/2=7 R0
7/2=3 R1
3/2=1 R1
1/2= 0 R1 1110100
117/2=58 R1
58/2=29 R0
29/2=14 R1
14/2= 7 R0
7/2 = 3 R1
3/2 = 1 R1
1/2= 0 R1 1110101

100/2=50 R0
50/2 = 25 R0
25/2= 12 R1
12/2=6 R0
6/2 = 3 R0
3/2= 1 R1
1/2 = 0 R1 1100100
101/2=50 R1
50/2 = 25 R0
25/2= 12 R1
12/2=6 R0
6/2 = 3 R0
3/2= 1 R1
1/2 = 0 R1 1100101
110/2=55 R0
55/2= 27 R1
27/2 = 13 R1
13/2 = 6 R1
6/2 = 3 R0
3/2 = 1 R1
1/2= 0 R1 1101110
116/2=58 R0
58/2=29 P0
29/2=14 R1
14/2=7 R0
7/2=3 R1
3/2=1 R1
1/2= 0 R1 1110100
115 /2= 57 R1
57/2=28 R1
28/2=14 R0
14/2=7R0
7/2=3R1
3/2=1R1
1/2=0R1 1110011
So,

1110011 1110100 1110101 1100100 1100101 1101110 1110100 1110011
ASCII
Answer: s t u d e n t s