Asteroids, Comets, and Solar System Formation

This report delves into the significance of asteroids and comets in understanding the formation of the solar system. It discusses their composition, origins, and how they provide insights into the processes that led to the creation of our solar system. The report covers the formation of the solar system from a rotating cloud of gas and dust, the role of gravity, and the various theories related to planetary formation. It also highlights the importance of studying these celestial bodies to gain a better understanding of the solar system's evolution. The report concludes that asteroids and comets are remnants of the solar system's formation and that their study is crucial for understanding the origins of our solar system.

Asteroids, Comets and how the
Solar System was Formed
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC -............................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................3
RESULT .........................................................................................................................................3
DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................8
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TOPIC -
WHAT CAN ASTEROIDS AND COMETS TELL US ABOUT HOW THE
SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED
INTRODUCTION
Solar system has been formed according to the laws of chemistry and physics. Asteroids
are defined as materials having intermediate composition and they are situated between orbits of
Jupiter and Mars. Comets are composed of frozen gasses such as Carbon dioxide, silicate dust
and water ice (Nourian, Leong and Dey, 2014). Comets and Asteroids are considered as residual
from the giant cloud of gas and dust that has played a major role in formation of solar system.
With this, comets are defined as cloud belts that are part of fringe in the solar system. Collision
and gravitational tugs are accountable for sending the comets and the asteroids in the elliptical
orbit of sun and due to that sun moves towards highly elliptical orbits.
BACKGROUND
Formation of comets and asteroids tell us about the formation of solar system and their
creation pattern also depict about the ways through which solar system is being formed. Comets
are considered as structures formed with the water and Carbon dioxide and other frozen gases.
Formation of solar system has taken place through the comets and asteroids (Parkin, 2017). As
per the research conducted by the scientists, fraction of large oceans have been formed through
several comets that have fallen on the earth. Various carbon components that are present in
comets are responsible for contributing raw materials for formation of earth.
RESULT
Asteroids and comets are major bodies that are responsible for formation of solar system.
Scientist study formation of Asteroids and comets to have understanding about origin and
formation of solar system. Studies have shown that solar system has been formed from a rotating
clod composed of gas and dust. It has been estimated by scientists that are more than 750,000
asteroids in the solar system. There are many asteroids having orbits which take them to move
towards closer to the solar system.
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DISCUSSION
Sun is largest sized object of the solar system and it comprise 99.8 % mass of the entire
solar system. Comets are floating objects that move between the Mars and Jupiter. These are
collection of objects. Comets are made up of sand and objects such as pebbles which moves
around the solar system. These bodies float in the solar system and makes contribution for its
formation. Better understanding about asteroids and comets and their method of formation helps
in understanding the origin of the solar system.
Formation of solar system :- It is considered that solar system has been formed from a very giant,
big rotating clod of dust and gas and it of known as solar nebula. It gets collapsed due to gravity
and it gets flattened into gravity. Majority of the material gets pulled towards the centre and it
lead towards origin of the solar system. On the other hand some of the material combined
together and formed comets and asteroids. It is due to this reason scientist give preference for
carrying out study on asteroids and comets so that data and information could be collected that
gives meaningful insight about origin of the solar system. Asteroids and comets are the structural
bodies are known as remnant that were left from the large cloud of gases. They condensed to
form the structure of the solar system including sun, planets and moons. Various forces that are
accountable for formation of the solar system comprise of orbital collision and gravitational pull
of the terrestrial planet (Garel and et.al., 2014).
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(Source- Wen, X. and et.al., 2014)
Asteroids are referred as cloud formed from the rock and the size of asteroids ranges
from few meters to several miles in diameter. Comets are also ball of rocks and ball of ice that
grow their tails when they reach in highly elliptical orbits. When comets heat up particles of
gases and dust gets expelled out. Asteroids have composition that is required for formation of
rock and metal and inner metals that are major part of solar system.
Asteroids are bodies that are located between Jupiter and Mars. In the same regard
comets are made up of water, ice and silica dust and frozen gases. Formation of Sun starts with
the development of Nebula that is made up of Dust and gases. Nebula is cloud like structure
which has provided origin to the solar system. Solar system originated around 4.5 Millions ago.
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Illu
stration 1: Asteroid distribution

It started with the clump of various Interstellar material that comprise of Hydrogen, Helium, dust
and other molecules (Μichalena, and Hills, 2016).
(Source- Garel and et.al., 2014)
Nebula is the structure that gets formed from clouds and gases and when it get collapsed
than two type of reactions generally occurs and when Nebula is heat up than in sun nuclear
reaction is started in the sun. On the other hand in situations when nebula spins up reaction
occurs in the form of conserving angular momentum (Wen and et.al., 2014).
When this process gets completed than loss of angular momentum of sun occurs and
major possible ways for the same comprise of interaction between the sun's magnetic field and
the ionized material in the disk that is accountable for braking down the rotation of the sun. One
more reason for loss of angular momentum is a time period of strong wind which lead towards
creating loss of angular momentum of the sun (Michalena and Hills, 2013).
Theories :- Major theories that are linked with the formation of solar system is Grand tack
theory and Nice Model Theory and in that it has been defined that larger size gaseous particles
moves around before they finally gets settled down in the modern orbits. Revolution of Sun
occurs in the elliptical orbits and due to that they are captured by the gravity of the sun and study
of these objects renders a clue about the how solar system has been formed.
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Illustration 2: Earth Asteroids

Next process in the formation of sun comprise of a very strong gradient in temperature in
disk nebula and everything that is close to the magnetic field of the sun remains in the vaporized
form however refractory material does not gets affected in this procedure. Ice particle gets
condensed and it is the major reason for the temperature gradient in the sun. When there is
stronger temperature gradient in the sun than due to that outer disk gets collapsed and it provides
more material and planet particles. When the Nebula gets cooled down than due to than process
of Close-in occurs and in that refractory material gets condensed.
The process for Nebula to cool down gets completed and due to that all the volatile
material gets condensed. Strong wind takes away with it the remaining gas that are present in the
Nebula disk. The objects that does not forms the large bodies remains as the major chemical
composition in the Nebula. Astronomers believes that various Meteorites particles gives clues
about the evolution of solar system (Ahmad and et.al., 2016). Study of comets provide
meaningful insight about the stages through which the entire solar system have been originated
and similarly Asteroids are leftover particles that have been remained in the solar system.
Formation of larger terrestrial bodies like Mars and Jupiter have caused the collide of small
objects and due to that fragments have been formed which are known as Asteroids (Saadi, Khan,
and Nosheen, 2015).
CONCLUSION
Summing up the present report it can be concluded that Study and understanding about
the Comets and Asteroids defines about the formation of the solar system and procedures that
have taken place in the making of solar system can also be defined through it. Asteroids and
Comets are leftover from the solar system and asteroids are rocky bodies that have been left
when the solar system has been formed. On the other hand comets are defined as Icy bodies that
have contributed towards the formation of giant solar system. Astronomers makes use of earth
based observation of these bodies so that data and information could be collected about the
formation of solar system. Important observation about how solar system has been formed are
provided through the studies and it aids in enhancing understanding about the solar system.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Ahmad, M. W. and et.al., 2016. Building energy metering and environmental monitoring–A
state-of-the-art review and directions for future research. Energy and Buildings. 120.
pp.85-102.
Garel, E. and et.al., 2014. Applicability of the “Frame of Reference” approach for environmental
monitoring of offshore renewable energy projects. Journal of environmental
management. 141. pp.16-28.
Μichalena, E. and Hills, J. M., 2016. Stepping up but back: How EU policy reform fails to meet
the needs of renewable energy actors. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 64.
pp.716-726.
Michalena, E. and Hills, J. M. eds., 2013. Renewable Energy Governance: Complexities and
Challenges (Vol. 23). Springer Science & Business Media.
Nourian, M., Leong, A.S. and Dey, S., 2014. Optimal energy allocation for Kalman filtering
over packet dropping links with imperfect acknowledgments and energy harvesting
constraints. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. 59(8). pp.2128-2143.
Parkin, R. E., 2017. Building-Integrated Solar Energy Systems. CRC Press.
Saadi, M., Khan, B. I. and Nosheen, G., 2015. Calcium Oxide (Cao) as an Energy Source.
American Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 1(1). pp.16-20.
Wen, X. and et.al., 2014. Harvesting broadband kinetic impact energy from mechanical
triggering/vibration and water waves. ACS nano. 8(7). pp.7405-7412.
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