Report on Asthma: Pathogenesis, Treatment - Advanced Physiology 8373

This report provides a detailed analysis of asthma, focusing on its pathogenesis, impact on homeostasis, and treatment options, particularly the use of corticosteroids. Asthma is characterized by the narrowing and swelling of airways, leading to breathing difficulties and affecting the respiratory system. The report highlights how asthma disrupts homeostasis by increasing carbon dioxide levels in the blood, impacting the pH balance. Corticosteroids, man-made drugs resembling cortisol, are discussed as a key treatment option for restoring homeostasis by minimizing inflammation. The report also reviews recent research articles, including the impact of COVID-19 on asthma management and the importance of recognizing comorbidities and exposure to sensitizing agents. The research concludes that corticosteroids are effective in improving breathing for asthma patients and emphasizes the need for ongoing assessment and management of the condition, with Desklib being a valuable resource for accessing similar reports and study materials.

ADVANCED
PHYSIOLOGY- ASTHMA

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................1
BODY OF PROJECT......................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

ABSTRACT
The choosing of treatment option for Asthma is one of the important topic with respect to
the research because it is one of the most common and widely found disease that has a major
impact towards the health of the human being. This means that it would be very essential that
adequate treatment with regard to the Asthma would be taken off so that the life of the suffering
would be saved.
As Asthma is related with the respiratory system which plays a major role in the disease because
when Asthana trigger then the inside of airway become swell down which would create narrow
space that would raise difficulty in breathing. Asthana has a severe impact towards the
homeostatic regulation because when Asthma trigger then it would lead to raise the amount of
carbon dioxide in the blood that would impact the Ph balance of blood and affected the
homeostatic regulation in further state.
The treatment option that would be discussed is related to the use of Corticosteroids which is a
manmade drug that is related with the resemble of cortisol that was one of the major hormone
which is being released by the adrenal glands in the human body. In the same way it plays a
major role in restoration of homeostasis with the minimization of production of chemicals that
are related with inflammation.
With the proposed research it is being observed that along with the impact of covid the danger
with regard to Asthma has raised that has become a major cause for the spreading of covid and
death. Thus, a research towards its best treatment is one of the important concern.
BODY OF PROJECT
Asthma is a condition in which airways narrow down and get swelled and can further
produce extra mucus. It can directly affect breathing and respiratory system of patient and make
it extremely difficult to breath properly. It can result in cough development, whistling sound
when patient feel shortness of breath. In a person suffering from asthma has affected airway
functioning and mucus gland becomes hyperactive (Hufnagl and et. al, 2020). It can further
result in making airway smaller and make it difficult for lungs to function properly. If it is not
treated or taken care of then it can result in decreasing level of oxygen in blood. Homeostasis is a
self- regulating process in which an organism tend to maintain stability while adjusting
conditions. Asthma is one of an excellent in which homeostasis can go wrong. When asthma
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condition get worsen then in such case control of homeostatic control of ASDM is reduced. ASM
basically helps in maintaining lung development at earlier stages. But when a person suffers
from asthma then in such case their lose their control over ASM.
When asthmatic condition of a person is triggered then in such case swelling in airway
swell and narrow down the space for air to move out of lungs which further results in tightening
of muscles wrapped around airways and make it even more harder to breath (Papi and et. al,
2020). This whole episode is known as asthma episode or asthma attack. In such case
homeostasis can go wrong or get disrupted. In such case body starts to act out of proportion and
start stimulating a process that further leads to development of main symptoms of asthma that
further affect normal functioning of respiratory system of a person.
In order to restore homeostasis condition of asthma Corticosteroids can be focused upon
as a treatment for restoring normal functioning of homeostasis especially in those people who
have poor or worse control over bronchodilator responsiveness (common in case of asthma).
This clearly help in explaining that usage of Corticosteroids as a treatment that can be used for
production of adrenal glands naturally (Rogliani and et. al, 2020). It is often termed in short as
steroids. Appropriate type of Corticosteroids provision can help in keeping asthma attacks under
control and help in poorly controlled asthma in check. In fact, oral dose of Corticosteroids is one
of the most common type of treatment that helps in reducing inflammation and swelling in the
airways.
Corticosteroids is an effective treatment that can help in restoring homeostasis in
respiratory system issue such as asthma. It basically results in restoring wide variety of auto-
immune that reacts in an appropriate manner and helps in treating asthma (Harvey and et. al,
2020). These are commercially available drugs that are mostly available in forms of tablets,
infections inhaled prescription etc.
Mechanism of Corticosteroids drug treatment with its actions can be explained with the
help of explanation of its mechanism. Corticosteroids results in separating secretion of inhibiting
release of secretagogue from macrophages. It directly helps in modifying functions of epidermal
and dermal cells that further results in decreasing formation of mucus. Corticosteroids can help
in providing short term relive in terms of berating to person by reducing narrowing down and
swelling of airways (Harvey and et. al, 2020). This can further result in reducing chances of
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tightening of muscles around neck. But this treatment also has its weakness which is that it
cannot be given for longer time period because of its adverse effects such as fat deposition,
weight gain, diabetes mellitus etc.
In the next article which is based on advances and recent developments on asthma, within
2020 it can be understood that article has displayed details working on towards molecular
mechanisms which are involved in development of asthma. Emerging concepts and challenges,
within application of asthma diseases have been reviewed which has showed genetic and
epigenetic factors within body among individuals. Research has presented detailed accurate
specific information, where impacts of Covid-19 has been found to be sever and of greatly
impacting on management of asthma in people. Asthma precedence in adults and children have
been researched in report, where adults and children have been found to be one of the main
aspect found in report (Cevhertas and et.al 2020).
Also, further positive analysis of research has further displayed recent development in asthma
related genes which have been found as highly crucial for detailed study analysis for evaluation
further. It can be also understood that article has also evolved focus on covid- 19 impact on
asthma patients, hampering their breathing patterns significantly (Hartmann-Boyce and et.al,
2021). Physiology has been found to be affected where infants are stratified by breastfeeding
carriers of asthma risk, where respiratory symptoms during week are found to be affected.
However, research has complicated language researched on, which further hinders significant
analysis for learning progression for people. The research can be further simplified, for
pertaining towards effective results to be analyzed up informatively which functionally enhance
new competitive abilities.
Another article, management of severe asthma in 2020 has been found to be functionally
authentic, for detailed analysis of treatments where asthma patients have been affected 300
million patients worldwide as severity has been risen. Severe form affects around 5 % of
patients, competently where overall diseases are about half of direct asthma management which
ensures that right diagnosis, avoidance of exposure to agents in individuals and patient which
should not be forgotten (Castro‐Rodriguez and Forno, 2020).
Research has been also further presented to improvise pathophysiology which has arose
from asthma, in specific format for significant productive treatments significantly. Furthermore,
it can be understood that article has presented detailed information pertaining to asthma where
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diagnosis, recognition of comorbidities such as exposure to agents among individuals further
plays crucial role. It can be also evaluated that research is authentic in research article, where
heterogeneity has been also particularly studied in severe asthma for further attaining productive
knowledge. Respiratory diseases are specifically increasing due to various breathing problems,
where research is also teamed to be further significantly crucial for expanded scale. Asthma is
further controlled by optimal therapy, including high dose of inhaled agent and biological agents
where macrolides, research needs to be done further for extended new competitive abilities.
Improvement in availability of targeted asthma medications, and preventions should be top
priorities which has been found to be also crucial (Choi and et.al, 2021).
However, research in article lacks detailed analysis and further effective working
research which has further signified focus on fact that there is lack of particular research to be
presented. The article has been lacking functional working efficacy among details about
treatments for asthma (Carli and et.al, 2020).
CONCLUSION
The research presented in report, has concluded significant working details to be
analyzed up for further attaining knowledge regarding asthma treatments efficacy and latest
healthcare factors which have further found as major aspect. Report also concluded detailed
analysis of various articles, where Corticosteroids is the specific one of the best treatment for
asthma patient which further improvises breathing for people. Research has also further
concluded analysis evolving on articles, depicting recent healthcare standards among people and
further medical conditions.
Study analysed in report also further concluded analysis of detailed asthma management,
recognition of avoidance to exposure and sensitizing agents have been discussed. Research has
also further concluded detailed analysis of informative information, data where regular
assessment of control among patients have been found to be crucial. There is also vital data
further evolved to bring on new scale functional working growth, for leveraging rise for
strengthened functional improvement among patients.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Carli, G., and et.al, 2020. Is asthma protective against COVID‐19?. Allergy.
Castro‐Rodriguez, J. A. and Forno, E., 2020. Asthma and COVID‐19 in children: a systematic
review and call for data. Pediatric pulmonology, 55(9), pp.2412-2418.
Cevhertas, L., and et.al 2020. Advances and recent developments in asthma in
2020. Allergy, 75(12), pp.3124-3146.
Choi, Y. J and et.al, 2021. Effect of asthma and asthma medication on the prognosis of patients
with COVID-19. European Respiratory Journal, 57(3).
Hartmann-Boyce, J and et.al, 2021. Asthma and COVID-19: review of evidence on risks and
management considerations. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 26(4). pp.195-195.
Harvey, E. S and et.al, 2020. Mepolizumab effectiveness and identification of super-responders
in severe asthma. European Respiratory Journal, 55(5).
Hufnagl, K., and et.al, 2020, February. Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in
asthma. In Seminars in immunopathology (Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 75-93). Springer
Berlin Heidelberg.
Papi, A and et.al, 2020. Treatment strategies for asthma: reshaping the concept of asthma
management. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology. 16(1). pp.1-11.
Rogliani, P., and et.al, 2020. Severe asthma and biological therapy: when, which, and for
whom. Pulmonary therapy. 6(1). pp.47-66.
Online
Advances and recent developments in asthma in 2020. 2020. [online]. Available through:<
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.14607 >.
Asthma: A Loss of Post-natal Homeostatic Control of Airways Smooth Muscle With Regression
Toward a Pre-natal State. 2020. [online]. Available through:<
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7176812/ >.
Corticosteroids and Their Use in Respiratory Disorders. 2017. [online]. Available through:<
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/57931 >.
The management of severe asthma in 2020. 2020. [online]. Available through:<
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006295220303488>.
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