Concept Map & Guided Response: Acute Severe Asthma Pathophysiology

This report provides a comprehensive overview of acute severe asthma, addressing its aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic procedures, management, course, prognosis, and prevention. It highlights the role of allergens in stimulating IgE production, leading to airway obstruction and acute asthma symptoms. The report also discusses risk factors, primary and secondary prevention strategies, and potential complications such as increased heart rate and respiratory failure. Furthermore, it outlines essential medical and nursing interventions, including patient assessment, oxygen therapy, and rehabilitation techniques, emphasizing the importance of timely treatment to improve patient outcomes and prevent severe consequences. This document is available on Desklib, a platform offering a wealth of study resources for students.

Pathogenesis of ASA
Allergens > Stimulate b cells which in response produce IgE
T cells activation
Allergens cross-linked the IgEs histamines released >
vasodilation, hyper secretion of mucus, airways obstruction >
leads to acute severe asthma [3]
Clinical features
Breathlessness
Inability to speak a
complete sentence
in one breath
RR>25 BPM [1]
Course of disease
With treatment – the oxygen
saturation controlled, breathlessness
issues are resolved, conscious patient
Without treatment- Acute severe
asthma may get worsen and time of
hospital stay is increased [6]
Complications
Increased heart rare
Respiration failure
Sleeplessness
Palpitation
Cramps and pneumonia [2]
Prognosis
One in 2000 individuals died
because of such health condition
For causing death asthma needs to
develop over the period of half day
[5]
primary prevention
Avoid the allergens
Provide enough oxygen to the diseased person
Avoid food allergies [5]
Treatment
Secondary prevention (e.g.
nebulised salbutamol)
Rehabilitation
Patient education
Applying activities that are
advised by the physician
Positioning of patient [4]
Medical
Nursing acute phase
Patient assessment
Assessment of vital sign
Oxygen therapy [2]Results in
Causs
Acute severe
Asthma
Acute severe asthma is an asthmatic
attack which was not treated with the
traditional s t r a t e g i e s [ 1 ]
Risk factors
Allergens, unfavourable
Environment, Exercise,
Cold weather and air [1]
[1]pollution [2]
Diagn
Leas to
immediate
need for
Prevent severe
asthmatic
events
Aetiology
Exposure to the allergens the diseased person is
strongly sensitive to food allergies and sensitivity to
inflammatory drugs are some of the main culprit of
acute severe asthma [2]
Diagnosis
 X-rays of chest
 Arterial blood gas test
 PEF [3]

References
1. Powell, C. (2016). Acute severe asthma. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 52(2), 187-191.
2. Sandrock, C. E., & Norris, A. (2015). Infection in severe asthma exacerbations and critical asthma syndrome. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 48(1),
104-113..
3. McCracken, J., Veeranki, S., Ameredes, B., & Calhoun, W. (2017). Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Adults: A Review. JAMA, 318(3), 279-290.
4. Neame, M., Aragon, O., Fernandes, R. M., & Sinha, I. (2015). Salbutamol or aminophylline for acute severe asthma: how to choose which one, when and
why?. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Education and Practice, 100(4), 215-222..
5. Khawaja, A., Shahzad, H., Kazmi, M., & Zubairi, A. B. S. (2014). Clinical course and outcome of acute severe asthma (status asthmaticus) in adults. JPMA. The
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 64(11), 1292..
6. Shearer, P., Jagoda, A., & Torrey, S. B. Emergency airway management in acute severe asthma. Recuperado el día 10 de agosto del año 2014 de http://www.
uptodate. com/contents/emergency-
‐airway-
‐management-
‐in-
‐acute-
‐severe-
‐asthma? source= search_result&search= asma&selectedTitle= 24, 150..