Asthma Presentation: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Nursing Management

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of asthma, a chronic respiratory disease affecting the lungs. It details the disease's inflammatory nature, symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and cough, and its prevalence, particularly in children. The presentation explores triggering factors like viral infections and genetic issues, along with potential complications including headaches and respiratory infections. It discusses diagnostic methods like physical examinations and lung function tests, and outlines both long-term treatments involving drugs like salmeterol and flunisolide, and short-term medications such as ipratropium. The presentation also highlights non-pharmacological interventions like exercise and diet. Furthermore, it addresses nursing management, including goal setting for hygiene and airway preservation, patient assessment, and intervention strategies such as administering antibiotics and fluids. References to key research papers are included to support the information presented.

PRESENTATION
ON ASTHMA
DISEASE
Name of the student
Name of the University

INTRODUCTION
 Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that occurs in lungs. It is also
a kind of inflammatory disease that causes edema, hypersensitivity
reaction and excessive mucus production.
 The signs and symptoms of this condition are tightness in chest or
chronic pain, breathing shortness, cough and cold.
 The condition is recurrent in children mostly in the age between 3 to
5years.

TRIGGERING FACTORS AND
COMPLICATIONS
 The triggering factors for this disease are viral infections, genetic
issues, climatic condition and dust.
 The complications of this disease are- headache, sinusitis, sore
throat, anaphylaxis and also respiratory tract infections.
 It is observed that allergy is one of the main factor causing this
disease.
 The disease can be diagnosed by physical examination, lung
function test, laboratory examination of nitric oxide and many
more.

LONG TERM TREATMENT
 There are mainly three stages of asthma mainly observed such as
mild intermittent, moderately persistent and severe persistent.
 The diagnosis starts by taking family history of the patient,
physical examination, environmental factors, medications and
also allergies towards any industrial chemicals.
 The long term treatment includes daily consumptions of drugs
like salmeterol, zileuton, formoterol, , flunisolide, ciclesonide
adrenoceptors drugs (Daley- Yates, 2015).
 The adrenoceptors blocks the epinephrine and norepinephrine,
overall inhibiting the sympathetic response (Farzam & Lakhkar,
2018).
 These drugs inhibits mast cells and histamine secretion the
chemical reaction that causes inflammation.

SHORT TERM TREATMENT
 There are short-term medications that helps in relieving this
condition.
 The drug ipratropium makes the breathing condition easy.
 Oral intravenous medication reduces the inflammation of the
airways.
 Xopenex, Ventolin are drugs which provides quick remediation
relaxing the wind pipe (Agarwal et al., 2015).
 Non- pharmacological interventions are also used in short term
treatment.
 Daily exercise, proper hygienic condition and also healthy diet
chart reduces and provides quick remedy.

NURSING MANAGEMENT
 The nursing planning starts with fixing few goals in eradicating
the disease.
 The goals are advising to maintain hygiene, eradicating the
complications, preservation of airway pathway, and planning
therapeutic medicines (Hoskins et al., 2013).
 The nurse assesses the patients status by observing the vital signs
such by the help of peak flow, severity of the symptoms.
 The breathing patterns is also noted such as bronchospasm,
anxiety and suffocating.

NURSING INTERVENTION
 The nurse must keep an observation after applying both the long
term and short term treatment.
 Antibiotics are prescribed in if the patient is suffering from any
respiratory disorder or infections.
 Older patients are very prone to cough and flu, so proper
instructions needs to be provided in managing the disease.
 Fluids are administered if the patient is suffering from
dehydration.

REFERENCES
 Agarwal, R., Dhooria, S., Aggarwal, A. N., Maturu, V. N., Sehgal, I.
S., Muthu, V., Prasad, K. T., Yenge, L. B., Singh, N., Behera, D.,
Jindal, S. K., Gupta, D., Balamugesh, T., Bhalla, A., Chaudhry, D.,
Chhabra, S. K., Chokhani, R., Chopra, V., Dadhwal, D. S., D'Souza,
G., … Varma, S. (2015). Guidelines for diagnosis and management
of bronchial asthma: Joint ICS/NCCP (I) recommendations. Lung
India : official organ of Indian Chest Society, 32(Suppl 1), S3–S42.
 Daley-Yates P. T. (2015). Inhaled corticosteroids: potency, dose
equivalence and therapeutic index. British journal of clinical
pharmacology, 80(3), 372–380.
 Farzam, K., & Lakhkar, A. D. (2018). Adrenergic Drugs.
 Hoskins, G., Abhyankar, P., Taylor, A. D., Duncan, E., Sheikh, A.,
Pinnock, H., van der Pol, M., Donnan, P. T., & Williams, B. (2013).
Goal-setting intervention in patients with active asthma: protocol for
a pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial. Trials, 14, 289