This report elucidates the social determinants of health (SDOH) that contribute to the susceptibility of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (ATSI) to diabetes mellitus in Australia. It highlights factors such as poor educational attainment, low socioeconomic status, unemployment, food insecurity, lack of social support, poor diet, inappropriate physical environment, and working conditions, all of which increase their risk. The report also describes the Aboriginal Road To Good Health Program, designed to decrease diabetes risks within this indigenous population by promoting healthier lifestyle choices, improving diet, and increasing physical activity. The program addresses the impact of food patterns on health, emphasizes the selection of healthy and affordable foods, and educates on managing food expenditures and interpreting food labels. By focusing on these elements, the program aims to mitigate health inequalities and improve the overall well-being of ATSI communities.