HRMT20024 T2 2018 Essay: Challenges of HR in Retail Employee Retention
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Essay
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This essay examines the multifaceted challenges faced by the retail sector in attracting and retaining employees. It delves into the issues surrounding employee attraction, including ineffective job advertisements, talent scarcity, economic factors, and competition, while also analyzing the problems in employee retention, such as inadequate remuneration, lack of benefits, poor work environment, and insufficient employee recognition and development opportunities. The essay offers recommendations for improvement, including revising compensation packages, adhering to governmental regulations, and implementing employee development programs. The research aims to provide insights into effective HR strategies for retail companies to improve their employee management practices.

Running head: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
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1HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
The management of the human resources within the organization refers to the strategic
approaches that are implemented in order to manage the activities of the various workers who
have been serving at the various hierarchical levels within the organization. The proper
management of the human resources within the organization might help in the matters related to
the overall management of the organizational performance as well as the improvement of the
competitive advantage within the given industry (Kramar et al., 2011). The department of human
resource is employed within the organization in order to assist in the maximization of the
employee performance within the company. The department is also known to implement the
conditions that are helpful in the matters that are related to serving the various strategic
objectives that are set by the concerned employer of the organization. The employers generally
face major challenges in the matters that are related to the attraction of the proper potential
employees towards the concerned organization. The employers as well as the management of the
concerned organization face further challenges in the matters that are related to the management
and the retention of the employees of the organization.
The following essay aims to discuss the various challenges that are faced by the
companies that have been operating in the retail sector. The following essay opens with the
discussion of the various challenges that are faced by the retail industry in the matters related to
the attraction of the employees towards the industry and then proceeds with the discussion on the
retention of the employees within the industry. The essay further proceeds to put forth certain
recommendations that might help in solving the various issues that are faced by the concerned
business organization.
Issues in employee attraction
The management of the human resources within the organization refers to the strategic
approaches that are implemented in order to manage the activities of the various workers who
have been serving at the various hierarchical levels within the organization. The proper
management of the human resources within the organization might help in the matters related to
the overall management of the organizational performance as well as the improvement of the
competitive advantage within the given industry (Kramar et al., 2011). The department of human
resource is employed within the organization in order to assist in the maximization of the
employee performance within the company. The department is also known to implement the
conditions that are helpful in the matters that are related to serving the various strategic
objectives that are set by the concerned employer of the organization. The employers generally
face major challenges in the matters that are related to the attraction of the proper potential
employees towards the concerned organization. The employers as well as the management of the
concerned organization face further challenges in the matters that are related to the management
and the retention of the employees of the organization.
The following essay aims to discuss the various challenges that are faced by the
companies that have been operating in the retail sector. The following essay opens with the
discussion of the various challenges that are faced by the retail industry in the matters related to
the attraction of the employees towards the industry and then proceeds with the discussion on the
retention of the employees within the industry. The essay further proceeds to put forth certain
recommendations that might help in solving the various issues that are faced by the concerned
business organization.
Issues in employee attraction

2HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
The attraction of the employees within the workforce of the organization refer to the
implementation of the various strategies that are needed in the allocation of the various potential
employees within the organization (Kramar et al., 2011). This also helps in upholding the
concerned business organization to be a potential place of work for the concerned employees of
the organization. The attraction of the employees to the concerned organization might help in the
matters that have been pertaining to the improvement of the organizational performance. The
major element that is affects that organizational performance is the issue of attraction of the
potential and related employees to the concerned organization and the industry.
The concerned employees of the organization serving in the human resources department
consider the attraction to be a major challenge. The employee attraction might face several issues
like the improper advertisement regarding the job vacancy (Terera & Ngirande, 2014). This leads
to the confusion among the potential employees of the organization. This in turn might lead to
the decrease in the number of employees who might have served the organization in a beneficial
manner. The concerned organization might also face challenges due to the unavailability of the
required talent in the given market (Idris, 2014). This might lead to the conditions of
unemployment in the given society as well as the concerned organization. the employee
attraction within the given industry remains a challenge to the department of the human
resources due to their inability to locate the talent that is required and is the most suitable for the
concerned business organization in discussion (Anitha, 2016). The multitude of business
organizations tend to recruit the talent from the pool of talent within the territorial boundaries
wherein the concerned organizations have been operating. This might lead to the conditions
wherein the cost of the recruitment of the concerned company might face a huge increase.
The attraction of the employees within the workforce of the organization refer to the
implementation of the various strategies that are needed in the allocation of the various potential
employees within the organization (Kramar et al., 2011). This also helps in upholding the
concerned business organization to be a potential place of work for the concerned employees of
the organization. The attraction of the employees to the concerned organization might help in the
matters that have been pertaining to the improvement of the organizational performance. The
major element that is affects that organizational performance is the issue of attraction of the
potential and related employees to the concerned organization and the industry.
The concerned employees of the organization serving in the human resources department
consider the attraction to be a major challenge. The employee attraction might face several issues
like the improper advertisement regarding the job vacancy (Terera & Ngirande, 2014). This leads
to the confusion among the potential employees of the organization. This in turn might lead to
the decrease in the number of employees who might have served the organization in a beneficial
manner. The concerned organization might also face challenges due to the unavailability of the
required talent in the given market (Idris, 2014). This might lead to the conditions of
unemployment in the given society as well as the concerned organization. the employee
attraction within the given industry remains a challenge to the department of the human
resources due to their inability to locate the talent that is required and is the most suitable for the
concerned business organization in discussion (Anitha, 2016). The multitude of business
organizations tend to recruit the talent from the pool of talent within the territorial boundaries
wherein the concerned organizations have been operating. This might lead to the conditions
wherein the cost of the recruitment of the concerned company might face a huge increase.
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The concerned industry might further face problems in the recruitment of the concerned
employees due to the changes faced by the economy of the country. The high cost of living
within the given area might also lead to the difficulty in the attraction of the employees of the
organization (Bode, Singh & Rogan, 2015). The concerned organization might fail to attract the
potential employees of the organization due to various reasons inclusive of the remunerations
that are extended to the concerned employees of the organization (Ahammad et al., 2016). The
competitor organizations that have been operative in the similar market tend to compete on the
various factors like the matters that are related to the implementation of the proper remuneration
to the concerned employees of the organization.
The other barriers to the attraction of the potential members of the workforce of an
organization refer to the matters that are related to the various legal matters within the given
political territories wherein the given organization has been functional. These political factors
might include the matters pertaining to the laws of the land regarding the immigration of the
concerned employees from the foreign lands to the concerned country (Al-Emadi, Schwabenland
& Wei, 2015). These laws might at times be influential in the matters that are related to
employment of the various residents of the country who have been belonging to the other
nationalities (Prokopowicz & Żmuda, 2015). Thus, the attraction of the employees of an
organization might be influenced by the various socio-political factors that are active within the
given organization in discussion.
These might include the various factors like the various immigration laws within the
country. This might lead to the conditions wherein the concerned employees of the organization
might be difficult to attract due to the implementation of the various strategies within the given
organization (Choi & Chung, 2017). These recruitment strategies within the given organization
The concerned industry might further face problems in the recruitment of the concerned
employees due to the changes faced by the economy of the country. The high cost of living
within the given area might also lead to the difficulty in the attraction of the employees of the
organization (Bode, Singh & Rogan, 2015). The concerned organization might fail to attract the
potential employees of the organization due to various reasons inclusive of the remunerations
that are extended to the concerned employees of the organization (Ahammad et al., 2016). The
competitor organizations that have been operative in the similar market tend to compete on the
various factors like the matters that are related to the implementation of the proper remuneration
to the concerned employees of the organization.
The other barriers to the attraction of the potential members of the workforce of an
organization refer to the matters that are related to the various legal matters within the given
political territories wherein the given organization has been functional. These political factors
might include the matters pertaining to the laws of the land regarding the immigration of the
concerned employees from the foreign lands to the concerned country (Al-Emadi, Schwabenland
& Wei, 2015). These laws might at times be influential in the matters that are related to
employment of the various residents of the country who have been belonging to the other
nationalities (Prokopowicz & Żmuda, 2015). Thus, the attraction of the employees of an
organization might be influenced by the various socio-political factors that are active within the
given organization in discussion.
These might include the various factors like the various immigration laws within the
country. This might lead to the conditions wherein the concerned employees of the organization
might be difficult to attract due to the implementation of the various strategies within the given
organization (Choi & Chung, 2017). These recruitment strategies within the given organization
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4HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
includes the various factors like the talent and the competencies within the given organization.
the recruitment strategies within the given organization should abide by the various matters that
are related to the policies and the regulations within the given country wherein the concerned
organization has been featuring (Clarke, 2015). These policies tend to restrict the employment of
the potential employees who might belong to separate nationalities or even cultures that are
evident within the organization (O'Sullivan, 2015). The difference in the cultures within the
workforce of the organization might lead to the clashes among the employees due to the
implementation of the differences in the cultural attitudes towards the work designated.
Issues in employee retention
The major issues faced by the company in the retention of the employees of the
organization relate to the matters that have been pertaining to the remuneration that is extended
towards the concerned employees of the organization (Kramar et al., 2011). The recent trends in
the employment of the various members of the organization tend to discuss the various factors
that are related to the mobility of the concerned employees of the organization. The recent trends
in the employment reveal the fact that the employees of the organization tend to migrate from
one organization to the other in search of the several better prospects within the given industry
(Shammot, 2014). Thus, the concerned business organization operating all over the global
territories might face a number of challenges in the matters that are related to the retention of the
employees of the organization.
The most important as well as the most relevant factor of employee retention might refer
to the implementation of the proper remuneration schemes within the concerned company. The
members of the workforce of the concerned organization might implement the proper
remuneration schemes within the organization in order to retain the experienced as well as the
includes the various factors like the talent and the competencies within the given organization.
the recruitment strategies within the given organization should abide by the various matters that
are related to the policies and the regulations within the given country wherein the concerned
organization has been featuring (Clarke, 2015). These policies tend to restrict the employment of
the potential employees who might belong to separate nationalities or even cultures that are
evident within the organization (O'Sullivan, 2015). The difference in the cultures within the
workforce of the organization might lead to the clashes among the employees due to the
implementation of the differences in the cultural attitudes towards the work designated.
Issues in employee retention
The major issues faced by the company in the retention of the employees of the
organization relate to the matters that have been pertaining to the remuneration that is extended
towards the concerned employees of the organization (Kramar et al., 2011). The recent trends in
the employment of the various members of the organization tend to discuss the various factors
that are related to the mobility of the concerned employees of the organization. The recent trends
in the employment reveal the fact that the employees of the organization tend to migrate from
one organization to the other in search of the several better prospects within the given industry
(Shammot, 2014). Thus, the concerned business organization operating all over the global
territories might face a number of challenges in the matters that are related to the retention of the
employees of the organization.
The most important as well as the most relevant factor of employee retention might refer
to the implementation of the proper remuneration schemes within the concerned company. The
members of the workforce of the concerned organization might implement the proper
remuneration schemes within the organization in order to retain the experienced as well as the

5HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
influential employees within the organization (Hutchison & Boxall, 2014). The implementation
of the proper remuneration within the organization might help in the retention of the employees
who had been planning of deserting the organization on the grounds of dissatisfactory
remuneration (Hanaysha & Tahir, 2016). The implementation of the proper remuneration
schemes as well as the schemes for the proper compensation within the organization might lead
to the conditions wherein the employees might be retained within the organization (Stone et al.,
2015). The retention of the employees within the organization tend to discuss the various factors
like the implementations of the proper remunerations in accordance to the matters that are related
to the work that is delivered to the concerned organization. These factors might also include the
enlistment of the employee for insurance eligibility, the retirement programs within the benefits
that are extended to the employees of the organization. The various leave policies within the
organization might also lead to pose challenges within the given organizations (Schlechter,
Thompson & Bussin, 2015). The various compensation policies that are implemented within the
organization should abide by the various matters that have been pertaining to the policies that
have been adopted by the concerned members of the organization. The other factors that might
pose to be a problem in the matters that are related to the retention of the employees are the
various hygiene factors that are related to the organizational workforce (Maina & Kwasira,
2015). This might lead to the factors within the organization that are related to the prevention of
the employee dissatisfaction within the given company.
The hygiene factors within the organization might include the factors like the work
environment within the company, the various policies and the strategies that are adopted by the
concerned organization as well as the other matters influencing the physical or the emotional
matters within the workforce of the organization. The physical and the emotional stress of the
influential employees within the organization (Hutchison & Boxall, 2014). The implementation
of the proper remuneration within the organization might help in the retention of the employees
who had been planning of deserting the organization on the grounds of dissatisfactory
remuneration (Hanaysha & Tahir, 2016). The implementation of the proper remuneration
schemes as well as the schemes for the proper compensation within the organization might lead
to the conditions wherein the employees might be retained within the organization (Stone et al.,
2015). The retention of the employees within the organization tend to discuss the various factors
like the implementations of the proper remunerations in accordance to the matters that are related
to the work that is delivered to the concerned organization. These factors might also include the
enlistment of the employee for insurance eligibility, the retirement programs within the benefits
that are extended to the employees of the organization. The various leave policies within the
organization might also lead to pose challenges within the given organizations (Schlechter,
Thompson & Bussin, 2015). The various compensation policies that are implemented within the
organization should abide by the various matters that have been pertaining to the policies that
have been adopted by the concerned members of the organization. The other factors that might
pose to be a problem in the matters that are related to the retention of the employees are the
various hygiene factors that are related to the organizational workforce (Maina & Kwasira,
2015). This might lead to the factors within the organization that are related to the prevention of
the employee dissatisfaction within the given company.
The hygiene factors within the organization might include the factors like the work
environment within the company, the various policies and the strategies that are adopted by the
concerned organization as well as the other matters influencing the physical or the emotional
matters within the workforce of the organization. The physical and the emotional stress of the
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6HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
employee might pose to be a huge problem in the retention of the employees of the organization
(Huang & Gamble, 2015). The recognition of the employees of the organization might also prove
to be a significant issue in the matters related to the retention of the employees of the
organization. The companies are often observed to lack the resources to recognize the effort and
the services that are extended by the concerned members of the organization in order to deal with
the matters that are related to the improvement of the performance of the concerned company
(Festing & Schäfer, 2014). This might lead to the conditions wherein the concerned company
might face a huge issue in the recognition of the employees who have been posing a retention
risk within the company (Angrave et al., 2016). The other issue that is faced by the concerned
companies in the retention of the employees relate to the ability of the concerned organization to
deal with the development of the employees on a personal basis. The companies might face a
risk in the retention of the employees due to the lack of the self-development programs within
the policies of the organization.
Recommendations
The concerned companies might be advised to implement certain measures in order to
discuss the various factors that are related to the attraction and the retention of the employees of
the organization. The companies might be advised to revise the remuneration packages that they
offer in order to deal with the attraction of the employees within the organization. This might
also lead to the decrease in the competition in the given market. The competitor organizations
that have been operative in the similar market tend to compete on the various factors like the
matters that are related to the implementation of the proper remuneration to the concerned
employees of the organization. The other barriers to the attraction of the potential members of
the workforce of an organization refer to the matters that are related to the various legal matters
employee might pose to be a huge problem in the retention of the employees of the organization
(Huang & Gamble, 2015). The recognition of the employees of the organization might also prove
to be a significant issue in the matters related to the retention of the employees of the
organization. The companies are often observed to lack the resources to recognize the effort and
the services that are extended by the concerned members of the organization in order to deal with
the matters that are related to the improvement of the performance of the concerned company
(Festing & Schäfer, 2014). This might lead to the conditions wherein the concerned company
might face a huge issue in the recognition of the employees who have been posing a retention
risk within the company (Angrave et al., 2016). The other issue that is faced by the concerned
companies in the retention of the employees relate to the ability of the concerned organization to
deal with the development of the employees on a personal basis. The companies might face a
risk in the retention of the employees due to the lack of the self-development programs within
the policies of the organization.
Recommendations
The concerned companies might be advised to implement certain measures in order to
discuss the various factors that are related to the attraction and the retention of the employees of
the organization. The companies might be advised to revise the remuneration packages that they
offer in order to deal with the attraction of the employees within the organization. This might
also lead to the decrease in the competition in the given market. The competitor organizations
that have been operative in the similar market tend to compete on the various factors like the
matters that are related to the implementation of the proper remuneration to the concerned
employees of the organization. The other barriers to the attraction of the potential members of
the workforce of an organization refer to the matters that are related to the various legal matters
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7HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
within the given political territories wherein the given organization has been functional. In order
to avoid these barriers, the company might be advised to abide by the governmental regulations
as well as consider the expansion in the areas wherein they might recruit the proper employees
from the given talent pool.
The challenges in the retention of the employees might be resolved through the
implementation of certain recommended elements within the operations of the company. The
members of the workforce of the concerned organization might be retained within the
organization through the implementation the proper remuneration schemes within the
organization in order to retain the experienced as well as the influential employees within the
organization. The implementation of the proper remuneration within the organization might help
in the retention of the employees who had been planning of deserting the organization on the
grounds of dissatisfactory remuneration. The implementation of the proper remuneration
schemes as well as the schemes for the proper compensation within the organization might lead
to the conditions wherein the employees might be retained within the organization. The various
compensation policies that are implemented within the organization should abide by the various
matters that have been pertaining to the policies that have been adopted by the concerned
members of the organization. The other factors that might pose to be a problem in the matters
that are related to the retention of the employees are the various hygiene factors that are related
to the organizational workforce. This might lead to the factors within the organization that are
related to the prevention of the employee dissatisfaction within the given company. the
concerned organizations might be advised to look into the matters that pertain to the lowering of
the stress of the organizational workforce. The concerned organization might need to implement
the various strategies that are related to the safeguarding of the environmental issues faced by the
within the given political territories wherein the given organization has been functional. In order
to avoid these barriers, the company might be advised to abide by the governmental regulations
as well as consider the expansion in the areas wherein they might recruit the proper employees
from the given talent pool.
The challenges in the retention of the employees might be resolved through the
implementation of certain recommended elements within the operations of the company. The
members of the workforce of the concerned organization might be retained within the
organization through the implementation the proper remuneration schemes within the
organization in order to retain the experienced as well as the influential employees within the
organization. The implementation of the proper remuneration within the organization might help
in the retention of the employees who had been planning of deserting the organization on the
grounds of dissatisfactory remuneration. The implementation of the proper remuneration
schemes as well as the schemes for the proper compensation within the organization might lead
to the conditions wherein the employees might be retained within the organization. The various
compensation policies that are implemented within the organization should abide by the various
matters that have been pertaining to the policies that have been adopted by the concerned
members of the organization. The other factors that might pose to be a problem in the matters
that are related to the retention of the employees are the various hygiene factors that are related
to the organizational workforce. This might lead to the factors within the organization that are
related to the prevention of the employee dissatisfaction within the given company. the
concerned organizations might be advised to look into the matters that pertain to the lowering of
the stress of the organizational workforce. The concerned organization might need to implement
the various strategies that are related to the safeguarding of the environmental issues faced by the

8HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
employees of the organization as well as the matters that are related to the health of the
employees of the organization. The other factors that are related to the matters pertaining to the
maintenance of the health of the concerned organizational employees deal with the
implementation of the various medical as well psychological benefits within the company. The
companies are advised to incorporate the resources to recognize the effort and the services that
are extended by the concerned members of the organization in order to deal with the matters that
are related to the improvement of the performance of the concerned company. This might lead to
the conditions wherein the concerned company might resolve the various issues that it had been
facing in the recognition of the implementation of the recognition might also motivate the
concerned employees in the retention of the concerned employees of the organization.
In lieu of the above discussion, it might be pointed out that the attraction and the
retention of the employees are crucial to the competitive advantage of the concerned
organization in the given market. The attraction of the employees within the workforce of the
organization helps in upholding the concerned business organization to be a potential place of
work for the concerned employees of the organization. The attraction of the employees to the
concerned organization might help in the matters that have been pertaining to the improvement
of the organizational performance. The major element that is affects that organizational
performance is the issue of attraction of the potential and related employees to the concerned
organization and the industry. The recent trends in the employment of the various members of
the organization tend to discuss the various factors that are related to the mobility of the
concerned employees of the organization. The recent trends in the employment reveal the fact
that the employees of the organization tend to migrate from one organization to the other in
search of the several better prospects within the given industry. The concerned organization
employees of the organization as well as the matters that are related to the health of the
employees of the organization. The other factors that are related to the matters pertaining to the
maintenance of the health of the concerned organizational employees deal with the
implementation of the various medical as well psychological benefits within the company. The
companies are advised to incorporate the resources to recognize the effort and the services that
are extended by the concerned members of the organization in order to deal with the matters that
are related to the improvement of the performance of the concerned company. This might lead to
the conditions wherein the concerned company might resolve the various issues that it had been
facing in the recognition of the implementation of the recognition might also motivate the
concerned employees in the retention of the concerned employees of the organization.
In lieu of the above discussion, it might be pointed out that the attraction and the
retention of the employees are crucial to the competitive advantage of the concerned
organization in the given market. The attraction of the employees within the workforce of the
organization helps in upholding the concerned business organization to be a potential place of
work for the concerned employees of the organization. The attraction of the employees to the
concerned organization might help in the matters that have been pertaining to the improvement
of the organizational performance. The major element that is affects that organizational
performance is the issue of attraction of the potential and related employees to the concerned
organization and the industry. The recent trends in the employment of the various members of
the organization tend to discuss the various factors that are related to the mobility of the
concerned employees of the organization. The recent trends in the employment reveal the fact
that the employees of the organization tend to migrate from one organization to the other in
search of the several better prospects within the given industry. The concerned organization
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9HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
might need to implement the various strategies that are related to the safeguarding of the
environmental issues faced by the employees of the organization as well as the matters that are
related to the health of the employees of the organization. The concerned companies might be
advised to deal with the matters that are related to the attraction as well as the retention of the
employees of the organization in order to deal with the improvement of the overall performance
of the concerned company. This might help in the recognition of the employees as the true assets
of the company.
might need to implement the various strategies that are related to the safeguarding of the
environmental issues faced by the employees of the organization as well as the matters that are
related to the health of the employees of the organization. The concerned companies might be
advised to deal with the matters that are related to the attraction as well as the retention of the
employees of the organization in order to deal with the improvement of the overall performance
of the concerned company. This might help in the recognition of the employees as the true assets
of the company.
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10HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
References
Ahammad, M. F., Tarba, S. Y., Liu, Y., & Glaister, K. W. (2016). Knowledge transfer and cross-
border acquisition performance: The impact of cultural distance and employee
retention. International Business Review, 25(1), 66-75.
Al-Emadi, A. A. Q., Schwabenland, C., & Wei, Q. (2015). The vital role of employee retention
in human resource management: A literature review. IUP Journal of Organizational
Behavior, 14(3), 7.
Angrave, D., Charlwood, A., Kirkpatrick, I., Lawrence, M., & Stuart, M. (2016). HR and
analytics: why HR is set to fail the big data challenge. Human Resource Management
Journal, 26(1), 1-11.
Anitha, J. (2016). Role of Organisational Culture and Employee Commitment in Employee
Retention. ASBM Journal of Management, 9(1).
Bode, C., Singh, J., & Rogan, M. (2015). Corporate social initiatives and employee
retention. Organization Science, 26(6), 1702-1720.
Choi, Y., & Chung, I. H. (2017). Attraction-selection and socialization of work values: Evidence
from longitudinal survey. Public Personnel Management, 46(1), 66-88.
Clarke, M. (2015). To what extent a “bad” job? Employee perceptions of job quality in
community aged care. Employee Relations, 37(2), 192-208.
Festing, M., & Schäfer, L. (2014). Generational challenges to talent management: A framework
for talent retention based on the psychological-contract perspective. Journal of World
Business, 49(2), 262-271.
References
Ahammad, M. F., Tarba, S. Y., Liu, Y., & Glaister, K. W. (2016). Knowledge transfer and cross-
border acquisition performance: The impact of cultural distance and employee
retention. International Business Review, 25(1), 66-75.
Al-Emadi, A. A. Q., Schwabenland, C., & Wei, Q. (2015). The vital role of employee retention
in human resource management: A literature review. IUP Journal of Organizational
Behavior, 14(3), 7.
Angrave, D., Charlwood, A., Kirkpatrick, I., Lawrence, M., & Stuart, M. (2016). HR and
analytics: why HR is set to fail the big data challenge. Human Resource Management
Journal, 26(1), 1-11.
Anitha, J. (2016). Role of Organisational Culture and Employee Commitment in Employee
Retention. ASBM Journal of Management, 9(1).
Bode, C., Singh, J., & Rogan, M. (2015). Corporate social initiatives and employee
retention. Organization Science, 26(6), 1702-1720.
Choi, Y., & Chung, I. H. (2017). Attraction-selection and socialization of work values: Evidence
from longitudinal survey. Public Personnel Management, 46(1), 66-88.
Clarke, M. (2015). To what extent a “bad” job? Employee perceptions of job quality in
community aged care. Employee Relations, 37(2), 192-208.
Festing, M., & Schäfer, L. (2014). Generational challenges to talent management: A framework
for talent retention based on the psychological-contract perspective. Journal of World
Business, 49(2), 262-271.

11HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Hanaysha, J., & Tahir, P. R. (2016). Examining the effects of employee empowerment,
teamwork, and employee training on job satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 219, 272-282.
Huang, Q., & Gamble, J. (2015). Social expectations, gender and job satisfaction: Front‐line
employees in China's retail sector. Human Resource Management Journal, 25(3), 331-
347.
Hutchison, A., & Boxall, P. (2014). The critical challenges facing New Zealand's chief
executives: implications for management skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Human
Resources, 52(1), 23-41.
Idris, A. (2014). Flexible working as an employee retention strategy in developing countries:
Malaysian bank managers speak. Journal of Management Research, 14(2), 71.
Kramer, R., Bartram, T., De Cieri, H., Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P.
M. (2011). Human resource management in Australia-strategy, people,
performance. Australia Pt. Ltd, North Ryde, NSW: McGraw Hill.
Maina, D. K., & Kwasira, J. (2015). Role of human resource planning practices on employee
performance in county governments in Kenya: a case of Nakuru county. Int J Econ
Commer Manage, 3(5), 1569-1580.
O'Sullivan, A. (2015). Pulled from all sides: The sandwich generation at work. Work, 50(3), 491-
494.
Hanaysha, J., & Tahir, P. R. (2016). Examining the effects of employee empowerment,
teamwork, and employee training on job satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 219, 272-282.
Huang, Q., & Gamble, J. (2015). Social expectations, gender and job satisfaction: Front‐line
employees in China's retail sector. Human Resource Management Journal, 25(3), 331-
347.
Hutchison, A., & Boxall, P. (2014). The critical challenges facing New Zealand's chief
executives: implications for management skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Human
Resources, 52(1), 23-41.
Idris, A. (2014). Flexible working as an employee retention strategy in developing countries:
Malaysian bank managers speak. Journal of Management Research, 14(2), 71.
Kramer, R., Bartram, T., De Cieri, H., Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P.
M. (2011). Human resource management in Australia-strategy, people,
performance. Australia Pt. Ltd, North Ryde, NSW: McGraw Hill.
Maina, D. K., & Kwasira, J. (2015). Role of human resource planning practices on employee
performance in county governments in Kenya: a case of Nakuru county. Int J Econ
Commer Manage, 3(5), 1569-1580.
O'Sullivan, A. (2015). Pulled from all sides: The sandwich generation at work. Work, 50(3), 491-
494.
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