Auchmuty Library Building: Defects, Maintenance, and Costs

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of defects found in the Auchmuty Library Building, focusing on pavement, ceiling, wall, floor, roof, and gutter issues. It outlines the scope of maintenance required for each defect, proposing various remedial solutions and exploring the application of different technologies. The report details maintenance programs and relevant standards, along with a thorough cost analysis of the proposed solutions, including materials, labor, and additional services. It examines specific defects such as pavement damage, ceiling deterioration, wall cracking, floor tiling issues, cable placement, roof problems, and gutter defects, offering a range of repair and replacement strategies along with associated costs.

1 | P a g e
Executive summary
When buildings stay for long, defects tend to occur. The construction and design of buildings and structures are done
for specified timeline, known as design life. As this time approaches, defects are able to appear and it is key for remedy
methods to be carried out in order to bring back the buildings and structures to their correct status. Different methods
do apply in order to rectify such abnormalities and defects on the buildings. This paper will analyze the different
defects which are able to happen on Auchmuty Library Building. The paper will look at the scope and different
measures of the maintenance to the defects. This paper will then analyze the scope of maintenance and the solutions
which can be applied to rectify the defects. Lastly, the paper will organize a section of the maintenance cost of the
different approached which can be applied.
Introduction
Defects are likely to occur when the buildings and structures are under use or not under use. Auchmuty Library
Building has been able to experience different defects on different sections and there are needs to identify proper
solutions which can be used to enhance the operation of the building. Different defects such as the pavement status,
roof status, ceiling, electric section, and floor and tiling sections have different defects, which require maintenance.
Different methods and solutions can be derived to solve such remedies and they can be used to enhance the operations.
Additionally, the different methods are able to attract different cost factors and the maintenance cost part will analyze
the cost which is likely to be incurred when different methods are adopted.
Scope of work
Item
phot
o
num
ber
Defe
ct
Scope of
maintenance
Remedial solution and
technology use
Maint
enanc
e
progr
am
appropriate
standards
and
statutory
controls for
maintenance
work
Maintenance cost
1 Pave
ment
defe
cts
1. Part of the
system to have
repair
2. Whole
replacement of
the pavement
system
1. There is need to change the
pavement material. The materials
from the levelling materials can
be changed and provided with
proper materials (Perevostchikov
& Skupov, 2005). In addition,
the pavement blocks can be
changed to provided better
quality which is more durable
than the existing concrete
pavement blocks.
2. Additional steps can be added
to ensure that the leveling of the
works is made easier. The
existing parts are too steep to
provide better view
3. using of concrete pavement on
the whole section (Barry, 2001).
This will be able to offer a
durable solution which will last
for longer time. the section need
Remo
val of
the
availa
ble
sectio
ns,
levelli
ng and
then
placin
g
anothe
r
pavem
ent
materi
als
Proper
drainage has
to be
achieved and
this required
proper
levelling.
This is
achieved
through
proper
provision of
proper steps
and landings
for the
sections.
Large paving
blocks can be
provided
which will
Solution 1:
Replacing the pavement
materials at the top only
at $12 per square meter
and with $8 per hour
workmanship
Solution 2:
Addition of more
aggregates and ensuring
further steps and
levelling and placing
and returning the
removed paving blocks.
This will help to
enhance the aesthetic
and drainage
parameters of the are
provided. A total of $30
for materials and
workmanship on tee

2 | P a g e
to have hardcore placed on
bottom section and then fresh
concrete casted on the section
and therefore acting as a paving
material on this section.
help to
enhance
durability and
economy of
the section
and easy for
maintenance
purposes in
future.
area (Architecture
2009).
Solution 3:
Using concrete as part
of pavement on the
section of the walkway
with 50 mm thick
concrete on the section.
This will have a total of
$55 for the whole
working with an
additional $5 for
decorations (Reis,
2015).
2 Ceili
ng
defe
ct
Repainting of
roof top
Replacing the
ceiling top with
new ceiling
material
1. Repainting of the ceiling top.
The ceiling top color can be
repainted to make it more
lasting. A proper repainting paint
which is able to last for long can
be chosen and be used in the
repainting.
2. Replacing the ceiling with
new design such as plastic
ceiling. Another ceiling material,
which is durable and able to
withstand harsh conditions, can
be chosen for the part (In Fisher,
2012). Plastic ceilings are more
durable, they are able to
withstand such harsh climate,
and harsh conditions and they
will only require proper cleaning.
Dampness:
excessive water is
entering into the
ceiling probably
may due to leaking roof
deterioration or
rising damp result of
defective damp
proof courses (Hendry and
Khalaf, 2001). This will affect
the ceiling part and make it wet
especially for some key types of
ceiling such as board ceiling
Remo
val of
the
availa
ble
ceiling
,
check
the
strengt
h of
the
materi
als of
holdin
g
ceiling
and
then
placin
g
anothe
r
ceiling
The ceiling
sections has
to remain
clear and
durable. The
maintenance
of the ceiling
is able to
depend on the
quality and
materials
which the
ceiling is
made of
(Perevostchik
ov & Skupov,
2005).
Provision for
the PVC
ceiling
materials is
able to
enhance the
maintained
from harsh
situation and
weather
conditions
such as water
and their easy
on
Solution 1:
Repainting of the
ceiling top with a
durable paint on the
affected section at a
cost of $15 per sq.
meter.
Solution 2:
Replacing the ceiling
top with new ceiling
which is durable. This
will depend on the type
of ceiling chosen.
Using PVC ceiling
which will cost $50 per
sq. meter for the
procurement and
installation (Reis,
2015).

3 | P a g e
maintenance.
12 Wall
bond
ing
crac
king
defe
cts
Repairing of
the wall section
with a crack
1. Using concrete mortar to
rectify the cracks. This can be
done on the affected part
whereby a small trench on the
affected part will be made. Then
a concrete mortar will be used to
repair the cracked part.
2. many of the cracks are able to
originate from the bottom of the
wall due to the existence of a
large plant root (Continuing
Education of the Bar—
California, 1998). This means
that the root has to be trimmed
and cut to prevent it creating
more cracks to the building. In
another case, if the crack is
resulting from a root cause, the
unplugging of the root can be
another key option which can be
adopted to solve the cracking
problem (Barry, 2001). Using of
the motor will then be used to
resolve the problem after the
uprooting of the root.
Makin
g a
trench
on the
wall
sectio
n and
then
using
mortar
to
cover
the
cracke
d
sectio
n.
The building
wall should
free from the
cracks
(Nikles et al.,
2013). The
bonding
section is a
key factor
which is able
to prevent the
cracking of
the wall.
Moreover,
engaging on
proper
maintenance
aspects is able
to enhance
the durability
of the walls.
The cracks
can be traced
from the root
and the main
cause be
identified and
then resolved.
Solution 1:
Amending the crack on
the wall is one of the
solution which can be
implemented on this
section. Repointing of
the wall can be done to
rectify the remedy on
this section. A cost of
$8 per square meter can
be incurred in the
rectification of the
problem (Reis, 2015).
Solution 2:
If the problem is able to
originate from tree roots
underneath the wall,
removal of the root will
be the first think which
will happen. This can
be carried at a cost of
$500 per tree which is
causing the problem.
Infilling g of the wall
section will then be
carried out to ensure
that the crack is
rectified. This can be
carried at a cost of $300
which is able to cover
the cost of the
workmanship and
materials (Lucey,
2009).
9 floor
Tilin
g
Placing new
tiles
1. Fresh placement of the tiles on
the washroom parts. New and
fresh tiles need to be placed on
the washroom section (Smolira
& Great Britain, 1972). The
section has only bear floor and
need to have the tile placed for it
to look more attractive and
increase the aesthetic parts.
Hacki
ng the
floor
sectio
n and
then
placin
g the
tile
sectio
Floor tiles can
be provided
on the
washroom
section to
make it more
attractive and
increase the
aesthetic
factors of the
Solution 1:
Procurement and
placing of new tiles on
the washroom section.
This will cost $150 per
sq. meter for the floor
tiling. In addition an
additional cost of $30
per sq. meter to cater
for the additional

4 | P a g e
n room. Proper
tiles for the
floor must be
provided and
done with
experience to
ensure that
the water
does not floor
underneath
and affect the
tiles. Small
sized of the
tiles will be
perfect for
this location.
expenses during the
process (Architecture
2009).
13 Han
ging
cabl
e
Hacking the
wall and
installing the
cable within the
wall section
1. the cable need to be placed on
the wall. Hanging electric cables
can be dangerous and can cause
electric shock anytime (National
Business Institute, 2012). The
major way to resolve this is
trenching the wall and then
placing the cable inside the
trench. Then mortar will be used
to cover up the trench on the wall
and therefore offer a safety
placement of the wall.
Makin
g a
trench
on the
sectio
n,
placin
g a
pipe
and
then
placin
g the
electri
c
cable
Standard
placement of
the cable
must be done
(Allensworth,
2009). It must
be care to
ensure that
the wall is
kept safe
from any
danger of
destruction.
Solution 1:
Trenching and using
pipe to place the
electric cable will be
the perfect solution.
The cost of making the
trench and using pipe to
place the cable can be
done at a cost of $89
which will cover the
manpower and the cost
of procuring the
available equipment
(Architecture
2009).
Solution 2:
Rewiring of the house
is another key solution
which can be
implemented. This can
be carried out a cost of
$7000. An additional
cost of $2000 is added
for adjoining the
services and creating
the relevant areas where
the wiring will pass
through.
17 Roof Cleaning and The roof section on this section Cleani Clean and Solution 1:

5 | P a g e
defe
ct
repainting the
roof top
Replacement of
the roof tiles
look old and there are different
methods which can be used to
rectify the defects.
1. one of the key of the method
to rectify the defect is through
cleaning the roof. After that, the
repainting of the roof can be
done to make it more attractive
(Allensworth, 2009). This can be
done to remove the materials
which are attached on the roof
tops and making it look new.
2. Secondly, the replacement of
the roof top with other roofing
materials can be done. Proper
roof tiles can be used to rectify
this problem and making it new
again.
ng the
roof
sectio
n, and
then
applyi
ng a
new
paint
on the
roof
Remo
val of
the
roof
sectio
n and
then
placin
g a
new
one
shinning
roofs are
attractive.
Many of
things are
able to fall on
the roof
sections and
therefore
must be
removed
frequently.
The tiles must
be kept in
their initial
conditions to
enhance the
prevention
from
leakages. The
tiles must be
maintained at
their original
state to ensure
that they do
not leak.
Cleaning the roof and
repainting will be the
key first solution which
will be available to be
used. The cleaning and
repainting of the roof
can be carried at the
cost of $250 per sq.
meter (Architecture
2009).
Solution 2:
Another solution, which
can be adopted to
rectify the remedy, is
through the placement
of a new roof. The
placement of the new
roof will consist the
removal of the old roof.
The cost of the removal
and disposal of the old
roof must be also
included. This can be
done on the cost of $55
per sq. meter for the
steel roof installation.
An additional cost of
$450 can be included
for other services.
18 Gutt
er
defe
ct
Removing
materials on the
roof section and
straitening
Replacing the
gutters with
new ones which
are more
durable.
The gutter on this section looks
old and need replacement.
Nevertheless, the failure to have
proper cleaning frequently has
led to fill of the gutter with
rubbishes from trees.
1. one of the method which can
be used on this section to rectify
the defect is through proper
cleaning of the gutters and
removing the materials which are
inside (Continuing Legal
Education in Colorado., &
Colorado Bar Association,
2003). This has to be done
frequently for instance say twice
Cleani
ng of
the
gutter
sectio
n
availa
ble
and
straigh
tening
of the
gutter.
The gutters
must be free
of any
materials at
all moments.
Nevertheless,
materials are
able to find
themselves
inside the
gutters and
therefore
making the
gutters to lose
their initial
positions due
Solution 1:
Removal and cleaning
of the gutters will be
first option to rectify
the remedy. This will be
coupled with proper
mechanisms of painting
and straightening of the
gutters. This will be
carried out at a cost of
$15 per linear meter
(Architecture
2009).
Solution 2:
Replacing the gutters

6 | P a g e
per 2 months or before the rains
start. Then the straightening of
the gutters will be done to ensure
they allow free flow of water.
2. another key method to rectify
the defect is through placing of
new gutters (Neo, 2005). This
will ensure that proper gutters,
which are strong and durable, are
placed. Using stainless steel
gutters will be a good idea which
is much durable and able to
withstand different conditions.
to added
weight.
Removal of
the unwanted
materials
must be done
frequently to
ensure that
the positions
are
maintained
well at their
original
position.
with new one will be
another good idea.
Implementing durable
gutters which can
withstand the different
conditions will be a
good idea. Installation
of stainless steel gutters
will be a good idea in
this section. This will
be carried out at a cost
of $85 per linear meter.
An additional cost of $5
per linear meter can be
added for the
rectification of the
placing section of the
gutters (Reis, 2015).
19 Toil
et
Chi
mne
y
defe
cts
Removal of the
chimney and
placing a new
one
The toilet chimney looks like it
has some key holes near the roof
section (Marshall, 2014). Several
mechanisms can be used to
rectify the remedy considering
the chimney also looks defective
(Defense Research Institute,
2007).
Replacement of the chimney part
is one of the solution, which can
be used in this part. The chimney
material can be replaced with
another key material of stainless
steel which can be used for a
longer time. The toilet chimney
pipe is key for the outlet of foul
smell.
Remo
val of
the
availa
ble
chimn
ey
sectio
n and
then
placin
g a
new
one
The toilet
chimney pipe
must be of
strong
material
which is not
affected by
the sunlight.
The change of
the materials
to a pipe,
which is able
to withstand
harsh
environment
and weather,
is key to be
implemented
on this
section. The
analysis of
the material
can be done
to ensure
proper
materials are
taken for
implementati
Solution 1:
One of the key solution
on this problem is to
replace the pipe. This
can be done through a
choice of a pipe which
will be able to
withstand harsh
condition such as hot
weather. This can be
carried out at a cost of
$79 per linear meter
(Architecture
2009).

7 | P a g e
on.
21 Floo
r
crac
king
Filling the
cracks on the
floor section
Stitching of the
cracks
The repair of the crack will
depend on the cause of the
cracks.
1. If the crack is due to the
settling defects, the settlement
must be corrected first. This can
be done by removing the floor
section and then compacting the
floor properly. This is incase the
cracking results from further
settlement after the floor has
been done (Lambeck &
Eschemuller, 2009).
Additionally, it can result from
poor leveling and this will
require the floor section to be
removed and the levelling of the
floor be done.
2. Injecting the crack with
Epoxy. This method is adopted
when the crack is less than 0.05
mm. it helps to close the gaps
between the cracks, whereby the
epoxy is placed under pressure
and therefore able to cover up
the cracked part.
3. drilling hole fitting through
stitching. Holes are drilled on
both sides of the crack and
grouting is done. Stitching
through u-shaped metal units is
done to the cracked part. Epoxy
resin can be used to cover the
cracked part after that.
Routin
g and
sealin
g
Use of
epoxy
Floor should
be free from
any cracks.
The solution
for the cracks
must be
resolved from
the root
cause, which
is causing the
specific crack
(Doran,
James and
Pratley,
2009). This
helps to
ensure that
future cracks
will not be
able to
happen at the
same
locations.
Proper
maintenance
is a key to
proper floor
section. The
cracking
result from
problems
below the
floor section
and therefore
the floor must
be removed
and then the
problem
resolved first.
Solution 1:
The first option on the
floor cracking is to
rectification of the
settling under the floor
section. This can be
carried out a at cost of
$300 per square meter
consist the demolition
of the parts and casting
the sections again
(Lucey, 2009).
Solution 2:
Using Epoxy can be
another solution which
can be implemented.
This can be
implemented for the
small cracks and the
one on this section can
be implemented and
repaired through this
method. This can be
carried out a cost of
$300 per linear meter
(Architecture
2009).
Solution 3:
The floor crack can be
resolved through
stitching of the section.
In addition to the
stitching, epoxy will be
used to enhance the
bonding of the crack
sections. This can be
carried out a cost of
$350 per linear meter.
25 Plast
erin
g
defe
ct
Removal of the
available
plaster and
placing a new
one
Plastering defects can occur due
to different reasons. The plaster
on this section has several
marking of lines.
1. the marks may have results
Remo
val of
the
availa
ble
The plaster
must be
uniform and
free from any
key marks on
Solution 1:
Removal of the current
plaster and using
uniform mix to do the
plastering is a key

8 | P a g e
from non-uniform plastering
where by different portions of
the plaster uses different rations
of cement and other materials.
To rectify this, a uniform mix
should be used and therefore able
to rectify the different marking
on the wall plaster (Zalma,
2004).
2. Use of plaster board to make
the plaster uniform in
appearance. This will help to
remove the extra marking and
difference which is occurring on
the plaster section. After that,
hard plaster finish can be
provided on the section.
Moreover, this has to be
accompanies by proper curing
with fresh water. Hard water has
to be avoided during the placing
of the plaster and also during the
curing process. This will aid to
produce uniform plaster at the
section.
plaster
sectio
n,
cleani
ng the
surfac
es and
then
placin
g a
new
plaster
sectio
n
the sections.
Uniformity is
able to come
from the use
of different
mixes which
have different
ingredient
rations in the
mixing stage.
This should
be avoided at
a high order
to ensure that
the plaster is
of high
quality.
Proper curing
with fresh
water must be
carried out to
ensure that
the quality of
the plaster is
maintained.
This is a key
maintenance
procedure
after
plastering
process which
must be kept.
remedial solution which
can be carried out. This
can be carried at a cost
of $45 per sq. meter
(Lucey, 2009).
Solution 2:
Plasterboard provision
and placement can be
provided on the section
at a cost of $50 per sq.
meter.
Solution 3:
In order to enhance
durability of the plaster,
hard finish can be done
on the section which
can be provided at a
cost of $180 per square
meter (Architecture
2009).
An additional $20 can
be allowed for curing
process and other extra
expenses which can be
experienced on each
case adopted (Lucey,
2009).
Conclusion
In conclusion some defects require maintenance while others require complete replacement. The
status of the defects is able to distaste the resolution mechanism which can be adopted to rectify
the defects under consideration. In addition, it is clear that proper maintenance measures can be
used to prevent some defects. Some of the defects such as the gutter situation on this project
could have been prevented with implementation of proper maintenance program on such
sections. Different cost implications are achieved through the implementation of the different
strategies in order to rectify the defects on such sections.
References

9 | P a g e
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American Bar Association.
BARRY, R, A. (2001). Defects and deterioration in buildings. New York: E & FN Spon.
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CALIFORNIA (SYSTEM), AND STATE BAR OF CALIFORNIA. (2010). Construction
defects litigation: hot topics ... : reference materials. Oakland, Calif: Continuing Education of
the Bar.
CONTINUING EDUCATION OF THE BAR--CALIFORNIA. (1998). Construction defects
litigation: Hot topics : program handbook. Oakland, Calif: CEB, Continuing Education of the
Bar.
CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION IN COLORADO., & COLORADO BAR
ASSOCIATION. (2003). HB 03-1161: The new construction defects act. Denver, Colo: CLE in
Colorado, Inc.
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Chicago, Ill: DRI.
DORAN, D., JAMES D., AND PRATLEY, R. (2009). Refurbishment and repair in
construction. Dunbeath: Whittles.
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/concordiaab-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3417285.
HENDRY, A. W., AND KHALAF.F. M. (2001). Masonry wall construction. London: Spon
Press.
IN FISHER, D. J. (2012). Defects and diffusion in ceramics XIII: An annual retrospective XIII.
LAMBECK, R., & ESCHEMULLER, J. (2009). Urban construction project management. New
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LEGAL AND ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT SEMINARS PTY. LTD. (2000). Construction
defects litigation. Bondi Junction, N.S.W.: LAAMS.
LUCEY, T. (2009). Costing. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.
MARSHALL, D. (2014). Understanding housing defects.
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Eau Claire, Wis: NBI, National Business Institute.
NEO, M. (2005). Construction defects: Your rights and remedies. Singapore: Sweet & Maxwell
Asia.
NIKLES, R., REISMAN S. H., MCSORLEY, S. M., AND TYLER R. J. (2013). Construction
Defects. Lanham: American Bar Association.

10 | P a g e
PEREVOSTCHIKOV, V. A., & SKUPOV, V. D. (2005). Gettering defects in semiconductors.
Berlin: Springer.
REIS, V. (2015). Actual costing with the SAP material ledger.
SMOLIRA, M., & GREAT BRITAIN. (1972). Analysis of defects in concrete and brick
structures during construction and in service. London: Dept. of the Environment.
ZALMA, B. (2004). Construction defects: Litigation and claims. North Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada: Specialty Technical Publishers.
Appendices

11 | P a g e
Defects photos
1 Pavement defects
2 Ceiling defect
3. Wall bonding cracking defects

12 | P a g e
4, floor Tiling 9
5 Hanging cable 13