Research on Challenges Faced by Disabled Australians in Employment

This report investigates the challenges faced by people with disabilities in the Australian employment sector, addressing underrepresentation and barriers to social inclusion. It highlights that despite the willingness of individuals with disabilities to work and contribute to society, they encounter significant obstacles, including social, organizational, and attitudinal barriers. The research reviews existing literature, focusing on qualitative studies and interventions aimed at improving employment rates. It examines the role of government policies like the National Disability Strategy (NDS) and analyzes findings from interviews and systematic reviews to identify key barriers such as stigma, prejudice, and inaccessible environments. The report emphasizes the need for strategies that promote inclusivity, reduce dependency on welfare, and enhance the quality of life for people with disabilities in Australia. Desklib provides access to this and other student-contributed assignments for educational purposes.

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Research on exploring challenges faced by people with disabilities in employment sector in
Australia.
Name
Professor
Course
Date

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Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Aim of the study 2
Method & literature review 3
Results 4
Types of disability 5
Inclusive interventions and strategies 6
Recommendations and Implications for the practice 7
Conclusion 8
References 9

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Introduction
Statistics and research conducted by various non-governmental organizations show that
people living with disabilities in Australia have been greatly underrepresented (Campbell &
Oliver, 2013).This underrepresentation is common and very evident in all sectors of the
Australian workforce. For the first four years for instance, the unemployment rate has been
increasing and the condition is not too projected to get any better anytime soon. As a matter
of fact this condition is worsening day in and day out. This condition is so threatening in that
there should be a full representation of persons of all kinds in the work force but this has not
been the case.
Employment participation rate for persons with various kinds of disabilities is way less
compared to the employment participation of persons without any form of disability. ,
statistics also show that the unemployment cohort rate has been approximately estimated to
lie between 1.3-1.5% times much higher that persons with no nay form of disabilities. Most
of the persons with disabilities are often willing to work, they always have the drive within
then of trying to secure employment so that they are in a position to support them by
becoming financially empowered and independent and also contribute to the society either
socially or economically. With all this determination and hunger to secure employment, it’s
often very hard to secure the employment itself (Carter, Austin, Trainor, 2012).The wider
Australian community has really been underestimating these people. They a see them as
lesser persons and people who cannot be in a position to do anything worth it. They overlook
them with the notion that they will not be able to deliver as expected, what they are forgetting
is that disability is not inability and no matter the physical condition that one is in, they can
still perform and should therefore be given same employment opportunities just like other
people.

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It not just the employment issue, people with disability also got gets the social inclusion they
deserve. They are totally ignored and overlooked this has been attributed to be one of the
many causes of their underrepresentation. As we all know, work plays Avery crucial role in
someone’s life. Work has the ability to make people feel that they are capable; it raises
people’s confidence in life and also helps in the development of a person as a whole socially,
economically and emotionally. Employment opportunities not being offered to these people
makes them feel much more oppressed and misplaced and do not fit in the society (Domingo,
2012).
The Australian government has been trying so much to remedy this situation. The
government feels that all people should be given same employment opportunities. The
government has been involved in quite number cases trying to solve this issue of
misrepresentation. Increasing the employment participation for people with disabilities have
been one of the strategies that the Australian government has been using is as to address the
issue of labour shortages and at the same time minimizing the rate of the constantly
increasing external pressure (DuBois & Miley, 2013). There are quite a number of
advantages that would be brought about by an increase in the employment rate for people
with disabilities. For instance, increasing the employment rate and reducing
underrepresentation of people with disabilities will result into an enhanced quality of life for
these people and also increased financial independence which would in turn reduce the
dependency ration by a very bug margin. People with disabilities will thus stop relying and
depending on their family members to provide for them or relying on other welfare services
such as the Disability Support Pension as they would now be in a position to work and earn
some living for themselves (Iezzoni, 2011).
Aims of the study

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The aim of this particular study is to explicitly look at what are some of the challenges that
are being faced by people living with various kinds of disabilities in the employment sector in
Australia. Here the employment sector could be either paid or as a volunteer or even both.
Moreover, it also intends to look at what are some of the interventions from the people living
with disabilities.
This paper will therefore focus to carefully analyse the findings that would be generated
herein about the main and common challenges that this group of people face in Australia and
some of the barriers and stumbling blocks to securing a meaningful employment opportunity.
Strategies that can be employed to remedy the situation will also be looked at.
Research Question
Basically this report aims to answer the following research questions;
a) “What are some of the challenges that are experienced by people with disabilities in
the employment sector in disabilities?”
b) “To what extent has the current policies and programs supported disabled people in
acquiring full-time jobs?”
Literature review
The literature review presented herein is a qualitative review it basically aims at reviewing
the qualitative study and also attempting to present a detailed and a discrete qualitative
analysis on the challenges faced by people living with disabilities while they try to secure
employment opportunities (Pheasant, 2014). This study will critically and explicitly evaluate
previous literature regarding the same issue of underrepresentation of people with disabilities
in the employment sector. There are certain factors that might have influenced the

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employment rate, policies regarding employment and also programs that are available to
integrate disable persons into the huge and dynamic Australian labour force.
In line with the aims of the study mentioned earlier, this literature review is focused on two
major aspects. First and foremost, it’s to understand some of the common barriers by people
with disabilities in Australia and second it’s to identify some of the strategies and
interventions that are useful in solving the issue but in this case according to the perspective
of the people with disabilities.
Methodology
There was a systematic review on the international reports give b a number of articles
describing inclusion in Australia The research has used research databases so as to get
adequate information regarding the topic of the stud. Also, there was use of interview
whereby a number of participants with disabilities were asked on those challenges they
experienced in workforce. The articles used in the research were; Gauging underdog
entrepreneurship for disabled entrepreneurs. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People
and Places in the Global Economy, 12(1), 3-18, Inclusive growth and climate change
adaptation and mitigation in Australia and China: Removing barriers to solving wicked
problems and Social work research in the field of disability in Australia: A scoping
review. Australian Social Work, 71(1), 18-31 (Ma, Chan, Carruthers, 2014).
There were 266 articles which were identified through the research. There were also
additional 1 articles which were obtained from the Google scholar and other database
sources. Articles which included information on teenage were excluded since they did not
have adequate information. After excluding some articles, 27 of them remained and were
critically analysed in depth. The 27 articles included information on adults with disabilities.

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After a careful scrutiny if the various articles, important data was obtained from each of them
and there are some terms that were specifically selected that could be used to refer and/or
represent the population of interest (Madans, Loeb, Altman, 2011).Some of the terms that
were selected include; disability, intellectual, mental illness, among others. It is important to
note that some of these terms will frequently be used in this report.
The information presented herein was sourced from various sources. For instance, some of
the sources that this literature was sourced from include; Google scholar, various computer
databases and some other government publications that majorly focused on issues to deal
with persons with disabilities.
The two case studies used in the research involves the use of interview on a number of
participants within a certain locality. The participants were interviewed and the analyses done
as shown by the first study and the second study.
Articles used in the research.
Article Author Year Description of
article
Research
participants
Gauging underdog
entrepreneurship
for disabled
entrepreneurs. Jour
nal of Enterprising
Communities:
People and Places
in the Global
Economy, 12(1), 3-
Saxena, S. S.,
& Pandya, R.
S. K.
(2018). The article
investigates the
challenges
faced by
people with
disabilities in
employment
sector.
A total of 85
disabilities
people were
asked on the
challenges
facing them in
employment
sectors.

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18.
Inclusive growth
and climate change
adaptation and
mitigation in
Australia and
China: Removing
barriers to solving
wicked problems.
Bell, W., &
Zheng, X.
(2018). The article
focuses on the
social
interaction
between people
with
disabilities in
employment
sectors in
Australia
Included a
number of
disability
people aged 20-
27 years .They
gave response
on how they
were treated in
different
workplace.
Social work
research in the field
of disability in
Australia: A
scoping
review. Australian
Social Work, 71(1),
18-31.
Bigby, C.,
Tilbury, C., &
Hughes, M.
(2018). The article
focuses on the
research topic
of the study.
10 women with
disabilities
were receiving
support from
governmental
disability
organization in
Australia.
How the data was analysed.
The data obtained was analysed by indicating the root cause of the challenges facing peoples
with disabilities. Two case studies were used which dependent on research interview and
sampling techniques. In order to account for the results a Gant chart showing how articles
were analysed was shown as below;

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Gant chart with steps used to analyse the articles.
The chart indicates what was done in selecting the appropriate article for the data needed to
obtain adequate information. Each section has summarised what was done by the members
used in research.
Findings
Barriers to employment
The literature used revealed that most of the people with disabilities experience high degrees
of exclusion in regard to employment opportunities due to various reasons among which are

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social, organizational and attitudinal barriers and not issues that directly related to their
physical conditions (Garthwaite, 2011). These barriers are not as a result of people looking
having a negative attitude to these people in that they doubt the capability of the disabled in
terms of deliverance. They feel that these people are not competent enough to deliver as per
required of them.
Most of these barriers are linked to issues such as stigma, various forms of prejudice not to
mention different kinds of stereotypes discrimination. It was also reviled that these people
experience so many challenges regarding employment which are directly and/or indirectly
related to various forms of natural, build and rural environment system structures. There were
also some physical barriers that were identified and these comprised of inabilities for people
with disabilities to carry out their normal daily activities (Groce, Kett, Lang, Trani, 2011).
The issue here is that if these people are not in a position to carry out their normal and daily
activities effectively, they must get some little help from people around them, then how can
they manage to carry out certain tasks assigned to them after employment. There were also
challenges that were related to their low levels of education that were identified. Most of
people with disabilities in Australia have a very low level of education. Moreover, they also
tend to have an extremely limited psychological skill set that could make it almost impossible
for them to compete favourably in the job market.
There were certain programs and policies that were specifically designed to implement and to
address the challenges facing people with disabilities and their families in general. An
example of such a program is a policy called the National Disability Strategy (NDS). In the
verge of its implementations NDS made some very remarkable findings regarding some of
the challenges that actually exists that face people with disabilities all over Australia as far as
the issue of employment is concerned. It was found out that there existed some negative
attitudes among the pool of other employed normal people who strongly believed that the

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disabled people could not deliver as they would work really slowly. Their production levels
would be really low which would in turn affect the various organizations and businesses that
these people are employed in (Wendell, 2013).
It also reviled that most of the employer in Australia were greatly concerned about some of
the random potential risks that were directly associated with the persons being disabled. High
risks of recruitment and maintenance costs could be expected which would really cause some
great amount of loss (Burkhauser & Daly, 2011). This was solely pegged on the fact that
people with disabilities lacked the appropriate knowledge to perfume certain tasks effectively
as required f them.
Moreover, this initiative also reviled that most of employees lack confidence and are very
reluctant in employing people with disabilities because they strongly believe that these people
lack the tactical knowledge and competency that is required so as to be in a position to fulfil
certain tasks effectively as per what is required. The lack of trust in the ability of people with
disabilities has made employers overlook.
Most importantly, it was also noted that some of the employers complain that there is a total
lack of connection and commitment among employers and most of the disability employment
organizations (Ali, Schur, Blanck, 2011). These organizations cannot provide employers with
people who can work and deliver as per what is expected. Another issue that has been making
employers reluctant in employing people with disabilities is the lack of exposure of a
disability by the disabled persons themselves. Research conducted showed that these
employers often get frustrated and disturbed in cases where a disable person does not fully
disclose their disability because this could have an effect of causing unknown and unexpected
risks which might be so difficult to manage thus causing great amounts of losses to the
employer. It was also found that one of the reasons as to why disabled person do not disclose

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their disability is because they feel that they would not secure employment if they indicated
that they had any kind of disability. These people are trying to survive the say; it’s the only
way they are ever going to get employed, by hiding their disability. This shows that there
exists some kind of misunderstanding between these two parties as the other needs total
transparency and the other feels that they have to hide their disability in order to get
employed.
Despite all these challenges, there are some people with disabilities that are actively involved
in various workforces and positively contribute towards economic development and social
impact on the society (Baynton, 2013).
Types of disability
Disability has been classified in a number of groups including the physical, the speech,
intellectual disability, stroke or brain damage and the psychological type of disability
(Anema, Prinz, Prins, 2013). In 2009 the statistics in Australia had indicated that the most
type of disability which was facing the country was the physical disability which affected
almost 80% of the age working individuals in the country. Furthermore, the type of disability
being experienced by someone usually affects his or her employment capabilities. Those who
had speech impairment had secured good job opportunities unlike those who had
psychological impairment in the country who had secured the lowest job opportunities of
about 29%. Also, those who had the mental disorders experienced challenges since they
could not be punctual to the work and furthermore they would incur interruptions since they
had sporadic occurrences of their stability (Attard & Price-Kelly, 2010).
The inclusive strategies and interventions.
In order to discuss the second section of the research proposal, there were two development
projects which were analysed. The two projects were keenly selected since they address the

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aspect of unemployment in Australia facing people with disability (Chen & Xu, 2011). The
research proposal shows that the for effective practice which takes the inclusive approach
will allow the clients to take the solution and try to come up with the solution for their
challenges. The two projects involved the use of methods that focused to solve the challenges
facing people with disabilities in securing job opportunities. Also, the two projects aimed at
supporting the voice of disabilities in Australia thus fighting for the inclusive practice in the
employment position by use of the research (Chen & Xu, 2011).The two projects have been
discussed as shown below
The study one
The first project was conducted by use of professional. The aim was to support all the
consumers in Australia to give adequate information to volunteer to community organization
and give their opinion on the disability people with regard to the employment concerns in the
entire country (Dalal, 2010). Through collaboration with different people, the article
identifies the problems experienced by the disability people when seeking for the
employment opportunities. People shared ideas on the problems facing the disabled
individual in the society. They gave opinions on the subject of volunteering and free
participation to the community work. This was done through the use of the online channels.
The results obtained were that people were willing to volunteer for job opportunities.
Employers were to ensure they consider the disability population in Australia (Dalal, 2010).It
was quite obvious to consider the volunteering and involvement of the community in work.
The platforms revealed that people were to understand the aspect of volunteering and other
opportunities that could be available for the disability people. The information obtained
shows that people were not engaging the people with disability n employment sectors. The
sources show that this research is positive since the community discussed were able to
understand the importance of inclusion in society. Therefore, through this approach, the voice

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of individuals was heard hence people with disability being respected in employment sectors
(García, O’brien, McConkey, Wolfe, O’doherty, 2014
The second study of the research
The second aspect of the research acknowledges the work of local communities as discussed
in the articles. The purpose was to analyse the aspect of volunteering which entirely related to
people with disabilities so as identify the challenges facing them in employment sectors and
also come up with the appropriate solutions (Harpur,2014).Also, there was the aim to find apt
methods of reducing the challenges facing people with disability when seeking job
opportunities in Australia. The information was submitted through answering questions
which were explained by each article used in the study. The positive effect of this study was
that barriers facing people with disability in the workforce were keenly identified and dealt
with appropriate procedure. The articles reveal that different people gave different
information on the research. Some areas lacked the volunteers and therefore there was no
support for the people with disability in regard to the working environment. Other people
show that there is a need to appreciate the importance of potential volunteers in the
community to fight for people with disability (Khoo, Tiun, Lee, 2013). Results revealed that
there was the need to match the skills, training and boost the experience for the people with
disabilities so as to match them with the job skills and techniques needed within the
workforce. Also, there was the need to honour and respect those who had volunteered to
work despite having the disability short forms. Management in different working areas was
kindly requested to treat disabled people the same way as the normal persons. All
management practices such as recruitments and other non-discriminatory practices were to be
highly avoided in the workplace. The project suggested to work as volunteers willingly but
not to be forced to do so due to their disabilities (Khoo et al, 2013).

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The links between paid employment and volunteering approach in Australia.
The resources such as the governmental articles, the information from different researchers,
the volunteering bodies in Australia and the range of resources have indicated that there is the
strong link which is between the paid employment and volunteer work in Australia (Morley,
MacFarlane, Ablett, 2014).Generally, the volunteering aspect includes those aspects which
entail benefits that focus to improve the employment for the people with disability. Also, they
are not limited to accessing new skills which help them to be competent for employment
opportunities in Australia. Different research participants indicated that volunteering had
improved their working capabilities thus securing employment opportunities in the country.
Basically, the aspect of volunteering is to boost the employment outcomes for the people with
disabilities as well as improving their participation in community activities which assist for
personal survival (Rimmerman, 2013).Therefore the work experience for people with
disabilities is one of the challenges which need much attention when seeking for jobs in
Australia. The literature has indicated that the employers have the capability to consider those
people with disability who have clear records for volunteer participation. Those previous
volunteer individuals can be highly recognized by the employers thus securing the jobs in the
organization. Therefore, volunteering for the job by people with disabilities and those who
are physically fit indicates a position to secure employment. This means that volunteering
serves as an employment pathway for people with disability thus securing jobs in Australia.
This forms the key solution for the challenges facing people with disability when seeking for
jobs in Australia (Rimmerman, 2013).
Employment support for people with disabilities in Australia.
There is a number of employment organizations which have been formed by the government
of Australia to fight for the peoples with disabilities when it comes to job opportunities. For

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example, we have the Disability Employment Services (DES) which provides the
employment support especially for the people with disabilities in Australia. Also, the social
organization provides the aspect and principles of social inclusion in within the workforce in
Australia. We have other social organization which always work to support people with
disabilities in Australia (Segal, Gerdes, Steiner, 2015). Generally, the goal of these social
organizations is to boost the economic development in Australia. They have worked hard
enough to eliminate discrimination employment sectors and also empowering the
marginalized individuals in Australia. Also, there are social films in Australia which work to
provide employment opportunities for peoples with disabilities in Australia. They provide
labour opportunities to people with disabilities. Therefore, in Australia the social organization
helps to boost the welfare of those who are unable to get jobs thus enhancing their standard of
living (Segal et al, 2015).
The national disability insurance schemes in Australia.
This is the most recognized strategy for the Australian government which assists in social
inclusion for the peoples with the disability. The organization fights to fight for the rights of
people who have permanent and partial disabilities in Australia (Millar & Ridge, 2013).The
concern of the organization is to improve the standard of living for the peoples with
disabilities in Australia. They also create awareness to the public on how and when to offer
support to the peoples with disabilities in Australia. If necessary they also provide support for
those families which have a person with disabilities. Additionally, the body provides funds
for those participants who are willing to help people with disabilities (Stalker, Jahoda,
Wilson, Cairney, 2011).
The risks and challenges of the research.

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Research is always accompanied by a number of challenges. Some of the challenges incurred
included;
 Lack of adequate personnel to give data needed.
 There were a lot of participants who were unwilling to give information.
 Some of the articles were outdated.
The problems experienced subjected on use of research ethics which were to give direction
on the research topic. Some of the ethics included the importance of legislation on
relationship exhibited between the people with disability and the employment sector. The
question on why is it important to fight for peoples with disability?
Recommendations and Implications for the practice.
The employment disadvantage is the aspect which has facilitated the social exclusion in
Australia.AS the research question suggests, the people with disabilities in Australia are
facing a lot of challenges when seeking employment opportunities. Therefore this means the
question arising from this research is of implication practice in the whole country (Syed &
Pio, 2010).The research has indicated how people with disabilities are facing challenges
when seeking employment in Australia. Most of the challenges facing people with disabilities
in securing a good job in Australia are due to lack of awareness about the disabilities issues
and the misconceptions from employers in different working environments. From the
literature review, the results of the two studies discussed in the development projects have
enough evidence that people with disabilities in Australia experience a lot of challenges when
securing jobs (Syed & Pio, 2010)
The following aspects are recommended when dealing with the challenges facing people with
disabilities in Australia when securing job opportunities.

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The first recommendation is that organizations in Australia should have positive plans and
strategies that will focus on employment for people with disabilities in Australia. It is also
important that clear policies for fighting for the rights of people with disabilities should be
formed (Syed & Pio, 2010).Therefore, for these policies to have maximum meaning to
Australia they must meet the following;
 They must have employment procedures for fighting for the rights of people with
disabilities.
 They must have reference list that provides the people with disabilities adequate
systems that should offer apt accommodation.
 A reference and recruitment agencies that focus to recruit individuals with disabilities
to secure job opportunities.
 They should incorporate appropriate legislation that will fight for the rights of the
people with disabilities when securing job opportunities.
The second aspect which needs to be done to fight for people with disabilities is that
employers should conduct a serious investigation to find those barriers facing people with
disabilities when securing jobs in Australia (Vasey & Manderson, 2012). In order to get
appropriate information, organizations can opt for use of consultants or use both internal and
external information containing the issues and opinions facing people with disabilities in
securing employment opportunities in Australia. Through this approach, the organization will
develop positive attitudes toward the improvement of the rights of people with disabilities in
different working environments.
The last aspect to consider is that there is a need for creating public awareness. This can
include the mobilization of employers and encourage them to recruit people with disabilities

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as well as encouraging those people with disabilities to reveal any aspect that may cause
harm when in the working environment (Morris, 2018).
Therefore the implication of the research was to explore the challenges facing people with
disabilities in employment sectors. This has been clearly identified and the solutions keenly
analysed with the future recommendations.
Conclusion
The literature review of the research has explored the aspect of improving the employment
sector for people with disabilities in Australia. The aspect of social inclusion in Australia is
the key mechanism that can fight for the rights and voice of people with disabilities in
employment sectors (Zastrow,2013).The discussion has indicated that the benefits of
employing people with disabilities in Australia exceeds the disadvantages faced by people
with disabilities. Therefore, the paper has included a brief description of how the organization
can do in order to employ people with disabilities. All people in Australia should observe
those legislations and principles which focus to fight for the rights of people with disabilities.
Observing the social rights forms an integral part which facilitates eliminating the barriers
and challenges facing the employment of the people with disabilities in Australia.

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Research method
Appendices and supplementary information
The key search terms and results used in the research

Research method