ECON1064: Quantitative Analysis of Australian Agriculture

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Australian agriculture sector, exploring its economic significance, challenges, and the impact of climate change. It examines the sector's contribution to the Australian economy, including export earnings, land usage, and employment figures. The report delves into the challenges faced by the industry, such as climate change impacts on production, employment issues, and the vulnerability of the forestry and fishing industries. It also includes a technology matrix analysis, which identifies key industries affecting Australia's economic growth, and assesses the impact of government regulations on various sectors. Furthermore, the report discusses the influence of climate change on China's agriculture and the potential benefits for Australian agribusiness, as well as the broader impact of climate change on Australia's exports. The report concludes by suggesting actions individuals can take to mitigate the effects of climate change.

1.0 Executive summary:5
This report explores the significant of the Australian agriculture, the challenges and
the impact on the Australian agriculture, technology matrix involve, impact of climate
change on china and influence on agribusiness of Australia and finally how climate
changes can impact Australia’s export in general. The report is mainly concerned
about the agricultural aspects of Australia. Australia has export earnings of almost 14
% by agriculture and about 58 % of land of Australia is used for farming. By studying
different sources, we came to knew that Australia was ranked as second out of two
hundred in earning through agriculture, this proves that Australia has a strong
agricultural background, and to make it grow government should take some
measures. Government should consider the budget, technology review and must
consider the wages and introduce agriculture in educational curriculum to attract
people towards this field and make a positive change in agricultural side.
2.0 Introduction
a. The significant of the Australian Agriculture
Since a long time ago, agriculture has been playing an important role in influencing
economic conditions in Australia. This can be seen from the large scale of farmland
used in Australia for agricultural purposes. It has been reported that 58% of the
available farmland in Australia is being used for agriculture benefits. The industry
also accounts for 59% of the country's water extractions. The country has various
kinds of agricultural products, especially grains and wool markets. Australia has
sizable agricultural export earnings (14%) yielding Australia to be ranked second out
of 200 in the world (Australia's Role in Feeding the World, 2020). The agricultural
industry has many other relationships related to the economic sector. For instance,
3% of Australia's GDP is contributed by agriculture sectors. Because Australia has a
strong agricultural system, other sectors such as the employment sector also benefit
from the strong agriculture industry. It is reported that agriculture raised employment
figures by 1.6 million which is around 17% of the national workforce percentage.
Forestry industry in Australia has contributed $9.2 billion to the country and 0.5% in
GDP ratio. Forestry industry also affects the employment rates in Australia. Current
job opportunities contributed by forestry are 52000 FTE jobs which represents 0.5%
of all jobs in Australia. In the year 2018-2019, the industry generated $3.6 billion of
export revenue (Snapshot of Australia’s forest industry - Department of Agriculture,
2020).
The Fishing industry also takes part in increasing Australia's economic prosperity. In
the year 2017 to 2018, the contribution of the fishery industry exceeds $5 billion to
the national economy. Due to the event, it has been affecting the employment sector
directly for a total 41,253 FTE jobs. It also contributed to household income as
increasing income in fishing and aquaculture, seafood processing by total $2796
million (Fisheries economics - Department of Agriculture, 2020).
The industry continues to be a driving force creating better job opportunities and
increasing Australia’s economic conditions. From the past 20 years, the significance
of agriculture, fisheries and forestry industries production in Australia has escalated

by 34% which in real term is around $49 billion to around $66 billion. This industrial
growth is driven by several aspects such as price decline caused by increased
production due to technological advances and other temporary factors. As two-thirds
of agriculture, fisheries and forestry products are exported, the export value of those
industries has also increased (Snapshot of Australian Agriculture - Department of
Agriculture, 2020).
b. The Challenges and the impact on the Australian Agriculture
There are some challenges that are being faced by agriculture, forestry and fisheries
industries in Australia. The most significant threat that affects those industries is
climate change. The escalating extreme heat has driven those industries negatively.
For instance, in the agriculture sector, agriculturalists find it hard to cope with the
changing climate pattern. The unpredictable weather such as rainfall patterns impact
on increasing the level of drought that can trigger fire. The increase in heat waves
also affects the price of an agricultural product. The higher the heat wave, the more
expensive the price of a product. This is due to the decreased level of production
(Australian Agriculture, 2020). Same case will happen to the forestry industry in
Australia. Climate change not only affects the agriculture and forestry sector but also
affects fisheries industry in Australia. In the long term, climate change is also
disturbing the balance of the fishing industry in Australia. It is reported that due to
climate change, many species of fish have been changing its distribution behaviour
(Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2020). Sea temperature in
Australia keeps on heating up rapidly and damaging seagrass, kelp forests,
mangroves and coral reefs population in Australian seas. All of these problems are
clearly caused by climate change.
Other challenges besides environmental challenges are the employment sector. The
employment rates of agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries in Australia has
been declining over time. The limited number of people working for these primary
industries has been threatening those industries' competitiveness. In the agriculture
sector, the workforce mobility is limited because it largely depends on local people
(Demand for farm workers: ABARES farm surveys 2018 - Department of Agriculture,
2020). It is difficult to recruit high skilled people into the agriculture sector.
Moreover, the employment recruitment rates for the agriculture sector are
considered low compared to the other industry. Future labour needs and other
challenges may arise in the long run especially when the market size increases. In
the forestry and fishing industry, a factor that makes workers reluctant to join those
industries is because the industry is vulnerable in keeping the well-being of the
workers. The industry has a higher exposure to occupational diseases and injuries
than other industries.
c. Calculation and Explanation 1

i. Technology Matrix
Figure 1. Technology Matrix
32 industries that affect Australia’s economic growth showed in the Type I
Multiplayer that have a value range from 1.02 to 2.61. Heavy and Civil Engineering
Construction is the industry with the highest multiplier which is 2,61 for $1 change in
total demand. Clothing Manufacturing and Veterinary Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Product Manufacturing are two industries with the lowest ranked among the other 32
industries which only have 1.03 and 1.02 value of multiplier respectively.
ii. Explanation for Australian agriculture, forestry and fishing support services
Figure 2. (I-M) Matrix
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Support Services industries in Australia reveals the
value of 1.18 Type I Multiplier. This means that each dollar changes in demand sales
0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.16 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.08 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.33 0.33 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.10 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.16 0.01 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04
0.05 0.01 0.02 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.24 0.03 0.28 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.11 0.01 0.14 0.03 0.19 0.08 0.14 0.04 0.02
0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.93 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.60 -0.16 -0.05 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-0.08 -0.01 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.18 0.00 -0.05 0.00 -0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.09 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-0.05 0.00 -0.01 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.08 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.04 0.00 0.00
-0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00
-0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00
-0.04 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 -0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.05 -0.33 0.67 -0.02 -0.05 -0.02 -0.10 -0.03 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.14 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.03 0.00 -0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.04 0.89 0.00 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 -0.06 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.75 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01
-0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 -0.09 -0.01 0.00 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.08 -0.08 -0.03 -0.01 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 -0.04 -0.01 -0.02 0.91 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 0.00 0.00
-0.03 0.00 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.06 -0.05 -0.03 -0.02 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.03 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.98 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.16 -0.01 0.00
-0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.05 -0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.10 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.99 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04
-0.05 -0.01 -0.02 -0.13 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.06 -0.01 -0.04 -0.24 -0.03 -0.28 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 -0.06 -0.03 -0.11 -0.01 -0.14 -0.03 0.81 -0.08 -0.14 -0.04 -0.02
-0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 -0.02 -0.07 -0.05 -0.11 -0.02 -0.08 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.03 -0.05 0.95 -0.04 -0.01 -0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.87 -0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
-0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.08 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.05 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 -0.04 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 1.00

among local industry bring about 1.18 times impact in Australian Agriculture,
Forestry and Fishing Support Services industries.
III. Two most important industry for Australian Agriculture
Figure 3. Invers of matrix (I-M)
Among the 32 industries in Australia, there are two industries that most affect the
Australian Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Support Service industry sector which
are Construction Service and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services. As
these two sectors contribute the most in the production of Australian Agriculture,
Forestry and Fishing Support Service compared with the other sectors as much as
0.02 and 0.03 respectively. Therefore, the better performance of Construction
Service and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services will give Australian
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Support Service industry a greater future economic
growth.
d. Calculation and Explanation 2
Industry Old External Output X (I-M)^-1 New External Output X (I-M)^-1Percentage Change Industry Old External Output X (I-M)^-1 New External Output X (I-M)^-1Percentage Change
Cattle and Sheep 738.38 731.21 -0.98% Construction Services 18191.07 17970.06 -1.23%
Poultry and Other Livestock 572.37 520.26 -10.02% Retail Trade 3555.74 3551.99 -0.11%
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Support Services 612.52 611.36 -0.19% Accommodation 535.59 528.15 -1.41%
Coal mining 315.25 313.62 -0.52% Food and Beverage Services 2032.53 2005.95 -1.33%
Oil and gas extraction 737.82 729.45 -1.15% Rail Transport 169.19 152.20 -11.16%
Meat and Meat product Manufacturing 737.23 728.14 -1.25% Transport Support services and storage 16223.22 13458.78 -20.54%
Grain Mill and Cereal Product Manufacturing 59.77 59.26 -0.86% Publishing (except Internet and Music Publishing) 1022.83 1016.28 -0.64%
Beer Manufacturing 154.67 153.22 -0.95% Telecommunication Services 4566.73 4503.63 -1.40%
Clothing Manufacturing 135.88 134.80 -0.80% Finance 5434.98 5284.93 -2.84%
Petroleum and Coal Product Manufacturing 868.81 845.76 -2.73% Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services 14232.17 14115.20 -0.83%
Veterinary Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Product Manufacturing 28.00 27.54 -1.67% Rental and Hiring Services (except Real Estate) 3229.29 3155.28 -2.35%
Basic Chemical Manufacturing 555.41 545.15 -1.88% Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 27070.17 26755.35 -1.18%
Specialised and other Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing 377.42 371.97 -1.47% Employment, Travel Agency and Other Administrative Services 12230.84 11958.90 -2.27%
Electricity Generation 3711.86 3692.77 -0.52% Public Administration and Regulatory Services 75077.14 75009.45 -0.09%
Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Services 1573.32 1562.68 -0.68% Automotive Repair and Maintenance 671.40 656.59 -2.26%
Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 1673.96 1551.68 -7.88% Other Repair and Maintenance 2245.87 2174.18 -3.30%
1.08 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.68 0.18 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.02 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.09 0.01 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.06 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.05 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00
0.08 0.03 0.02 0.15 0.13 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.09 0.52 1.51 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.18 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.26 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.05 1.13 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 1.33 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.01
0.05 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.11 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.05 1.11 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.00
0.05 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.01 1.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.20 0.01 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 1.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.04
0.09 0.02 0.03 0.23 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.37 0.08 0.43 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.13 0.05 0.20 0.02 0.19 0.04 1.26 0.11 0.27 0.06 0.04
0.03 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.04 0.12 0.06 0.14 0.03 0.11 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.07 1.06 0.09 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 1.15 0.01 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.00 0.00
0.02 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 1.00
1.76 1.15 1.18 2.42 1.63 2.48 1.39 1.23 1.03 1.45 1.02 1.26 1.22 1.60 1.51 2.61 1.87 2.41 1.44 2.26 1.56 1.79 1.12 1.90 1.22 1.37 1.19 1.54 1.33 2.38 1.22 1.17

Figure 4. 32 Industries affected by external demand cut
As Australian Government announce to cut down transport and support service
industry and the poultry and other livestock industry, it will impact all industry sector.
This impact due to all industry sectors are related that makes little changes in one
sector will affect another. Figure 4 shows the effect of Australian Government’s new
regulation in cutting down the budget for transport and support services industry (by
20%) and the poultry and other livestock industry (by 15%). This new regulation has
only small impact to the Australian Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Support
Services industry which decrease the external output by 0.19% from 612.52 to
611.36. On the other hand, one industry that heavily affected by the changes is Rail
Transport industry. The Australian Government new regulation affect Rail Transport
industry by 11.16% which decrease the external output from 169.19 to 152.20. This
huge impact may due to Rail Transport industry is the most related sector to
Transport and Support Service industry.
e. Impact of climate change on China and influence on agribusiness of
Australia
Climate change is one of the major concerns for the world right not as it changes the
equations of economic power by making winners and losers. The losers due to
climate change are the countries which experience a reduction in economic activity
directly due to climate change. On the other hand, countries that experience a long
term benefit can be termed as the winners from the changes in the world climate.
Climate change is likely to impact the agriculture sector of China significantly in the
coming years. (Lausselet et al. 2017) stated that, due to the increase in the average
temperature in different parts of the country, the quality of the agricultural product will
reduce and become costlier. The farmers can experience a fall in the production in
the wake of heat as they may become tired very easily. This will enable exporters
such as Australia to capture the markets in China. Although China is among the top-
performing economies of Asia, the changes in the climate will increase the cost of
production of the agriculture sector more than the technology level can handle.
Australia agriculture sector can do research on the right solution to handle this
climate change, for example, technology that can help decrease carbon dioxide. In
this context, agricultural products being exported from Australia will get a competitive
advantage putting a lot of pressure on the agricultural industry of china. Therefore,
clearly due to the existing relationships in terms of trade between the two countries
and climate change, China will be the loser and Australia will be the winner
(Tylecote, 2019). However, the positive impact of climate change on the Australian
economy can be temporary due to the repercussions of the Chinese economy that
can further influence the economy of Australia in the long run.
f. How Climate changes can impact Australia’s export in general

Climate change can reduce the productivity of many sectors of Australia including
agriculture, fishery, and forestry. Due to the increase in the average temperature in
Australia, the fishes may die and hence contribute to the increased cost of
production for the fishery industry (Alirezaei et al. 2017). Apart from that livestock
owners can also feel the influence of climate change as the changes in the
temperature can result in deteriorating lactation of the livestock leading to a lowered
production. Climate change also influences the forestry sector as well as the rise in
the temperature in the Australian forest increases the chances of wildfire. The
country has already experienced a rise in the wildfire in the forest. The frequent
wildfire in the forest can disallow the workers to collect woods and honey from the
forest leading to a reduction in the quantity of production (Sovacool et al. 2017).
These can directly increase the prices of the products that are exported to other
countries of the world leading to an eventual reduction in the export volume.
Australian individuals can take these actions to reduce the impact of climate change
in the economy of Australia. First, the individual needs to increase use of a green
source imagery as a fuel. With adopting the use of green technology, it can help the
government to cut carbon dioxide levels in air. Second, to reach sustainability,
individuals have to adopt solar panels in their house to provide electricity in different
parts of the country. Solar panels can help the government to decrease the
production of electricity in another form that emits carbon dioxide. Last but not least,
individuals need to not use items which are made of plastic. Reduction in the use of
plastic can help to reduce impact of climate change as it helps decrease decompose
of rubbish in earth.
3.0 Literature Review
Name of study Author (s) Country /
region
Method
(s)
Main
findings
Australia's Role in Feeding the World:
The Future of Australian Agriculture Sarah
Blagrove
Winners and Losers in the on text of
Global Change

4.0 Methodology:
The distribution of crops is largely defined in the Australian Agriculture. The main
methodology they use for raising the production is that they consider the long term
plan and strategies for their agriculture. They go for surveys and a huge number of
inspections on the sites for gaining the knowledge about the problems and the
problems that can rise in future. They prepare themselves for eliminating these
problems at any specific situation and present a proper plan that how the whole
procedure will be done. Apart from these plans and strategies they use the best
fertilizers and very high quality of seeds for raising the production, they chose the
fertile land for this process and mainly achieve the higher rate for production as
compared to the other agricultural techniques. Australian agriculture methods also
include the best analysists always up for their task to analyse the condition of crops.
The farmers use highly technology while farming and the Australian agriculture
method is in this way. They observe and experiment on the soil, they analyse the
fertility, they use best seeds, take care of crop with great responsibility and then they
get what they deserve. Apart from crops they also do the same method for fishery
and forest side. They run surveys and analyse the situation and work accordingly
upon that.
5.0 Conclusion:
It is evidence from the findings that Agriculture plays an important role in influencing
economic conditions of Australia. Agricultural sector contributes up to 3% of
Australia's GDP and accounts for 0.5% of all jobs. Our survey gave us the percentile
that Australian economy is 22 % dependant on agriculture. Therefore, there is need
for government and private sector to pump more funds to support agriculture,
fisheries and forestry industries production in Australia. More research is needed to
be done in this sector to improve its productivity.
There are some challenges that are being faced by agriculture, forestry and fisheries
industries in Australia. The most significant threat that affects those industries is
climate change. The escalating extreme heat has driven those industries negatively.
From the findings we can conclude that adverse climate changes have impacted
agricultural sector and fisher in a negative way. Due to the increase in the average
temperature in Australia the productivity of many sectors of Australia including
agriculture, fishery, and forestry has decline. Therefore, we can conclude that
climate changes is one of the biggest obstacles faced by agriculture, fisheries and
forestry industries.
by the agriculture of Australia but they are trying their best to overcome this issue.

6.0 Recommendation:
Based on our work and research, we will recommend lot of points to the Australian
government to increase their productivity and make a positive turn in the economical
state.
 Increase the wages:
In order to change the view of people to take interest in this side of jobs,
Australian government must consider a little subsidy in improving the wages
in order to attract the intelligent and skilful people in this field. Changing the
educational curriculum and producing more opportunities to attract people
towards this field.
 More technology recommendation
As studying the numbers and facts about the Australian agriculture we came
to the conclusion that the this field of area is spreading day by day and more
technology is required to cover this sum. In order to maintain the quality the
government should take the necessary measures to bring more technology
equipment and provide trainings to more and more people to create jobs and
cover the leading graph values. Many technologies like electronic sprayer and
auto-mixer of fertilizer that helps in saving the wastage of fertilizer. Using the
sensors based monitoring system to check the health and condition of crops.
 Budget cut must be considered
As we have discussed above that government is doing all necessary
measures to cut the budget in this aspect and add that amount somewhere
else and that is not a good idea for the economy of the state because surveys
clearly show that agriculture plays an important role in the field of economy of
state and if the this side will be dragged below the graph into negative side
than government will have to face huge amount of loss. To eliminate this
factor of loss, government should consider increasing the value of the budget
for agriculture as it is growing day by day and giving it a push will attract the
people to invest in this area.
 Importance of Agriculture
Government must give the importance to agriculture as it deserves among the
other exporting industries in order to increase the export area of the state. It
creates a huge effect on economy and makes the Economical condition of
state more strong.