Examining the Impact of Terrorism on Australian Criminal Justice

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Issue in Criminal Justice
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Challenges for criminal justice in the “Age of Terror”...................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................9
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Introduction
Terrorism related crimes are the crimes against the humanity such as terrorism in the field of war
and humanity. The age of terror opened its door with the attack of the 9/11 on the US, the attack
on the World the Centre in the New York in 2001 which impacts at the greater level in our
society. Terrorism is the act of nonviolence that targets civilians for satisfying their personal aim.
The main aim behind terrorism is to spread the destruction and attacks on the life of the people
and their human rights (Schmalleger, 2017). In the 21st century with increase in the terrorism and
the related activities in all over the world is called the age of terror.
The police of the Australia face new challenges in the 21st century and in this century the new
crime problems which includes prevent the terrorism in both the domestic as well as the
neighboring countries, controlling the people who spread violence, change in the climate,
keeping peace poverty and also includes new crimes related to the technology. In this context,
the police are also involved in addressing the new social problems that is emerging with the
changes.
In the social and cultural climate, the policy is enacted for controlling the problems related to the
crimes and its uncertainty. The new problems emerge at rapid speed and cover its broad range
which includes political, social, technology and the economic factors for which it requires new
and innovative skills (Reiman and Leighton, 2015).
The role of the system of the criminal justice assists in fighting with the terrorism but in this
context some of the criminal justice practices are less effective and efficient for preventing the
conspiracies made by the criminal. For preventing the funding of the practice of the terrorism
required reflective steps. One of the challenges in this regard is the enforcement of the law. In
some of the situation, it is important to improve the approaches for the criminal justice and fort
this it is important to cooperate at international level with the implication of the law which is
based on the initiatives for the counter terrorism which is resulted in raising the additional stress
level of the criminal justice.
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The main aim of this report is to explore the role of the police by facing the challenges in the
field of criminal justice in the era of uncertainty. In this context, this report argues that with the
rise of the control agents, the police are involved in responding in related to the new problems
related to the crime by using and adopting the new approaches with innovation. This report
examines the new challenges that are faced while proving criminal justice. In this, the risk is
discussed face by the police for the control of terrorism.
In Australia, the 21st century bought several new challenges that are faced by the police. The
movements of the large scale population, social problems, globalization and terrorism that pose
the threats that are excess with the capabilities that are established traditionally. With the
establishment of the new policies, there are several new agencies are establish and the
government also take initiative to encourage the individuals, community, business organizations
to make them responsible for their own safety (Walklate, 2013). It is important that the police
understands the changes in the environment and the new emerging challenges. This research
report includes theory and framework policy for examining the role of the police in the field of
insecurity, uncertainty, and complexity.
The main aim of this report is to discuss the issues related to the terrorism where several factors
have resulted in increasing the threats which are spread at international as well as at the domestic
level. Further, this assignment discusses the challenges for providing criminal justice in the field
of terror (Zehr, 2015). This report main aim is to educate the society about the emerging terror
and with this, it includes the new challenges that are faced by justice in the field of criminal. It
includes maximizing the opportunities to maximize the cooperation of the police.
The main objective of this report is to include the new challenges that are face in the fulfilled of
then terror by the different countries orts the nation. This report educates the learners in
providing the challenges that are faced by the nation in this field. In this report, there are several
issues which include:
Policing terrorism
Other emerging security issues
Terrorism links with the drug trafficking
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Rising in the threatening of the territorial integrity
Protect the privacy of the citizens
The importance of the criminal justice system assists in provides protection to the community
and their related property. It assists in determining the injury cause of the offense. The
challenges of the criminal justice system in the age of terror assist the countries to take effective
measures to deal with the issues. The main goals of the criminal justice system are to identify the
unlawful individual and punished them by taking appropriate measures (Omelicheva, 2016). The
other goals include crimes and their prevention, offenders’ rehabilitation and provide moral
support to the victims of the terror group. In the age of the terror, this research assists in
providing education about the challenge that faces by the criminal justice in facing and merging
terror so as to provide protection to the society and community as well. This assists in providing
education and makes the government responsible for framing the new policies and regulations to
face the emerging challenges to face the terror.
Challenges for criminal justice in the “Age of Terror”
The new challenges that are face in providing criminal justice in the age of terror. The attacks by
the terrorist in the year 9/11 in the United States and also in Bali, Madrid, and London and the
arrival of the attacks hamper the safety and security of the nation. Groups include al-Qaeda and
Jemaah Islamiyah that have been prepared for the spread of the terrorism in all over the world
engaging and making the targets of culture which disrupt the life of the people and also the
safety and nation security.
The organization of the police department engages in preventing emerging crimes by marking
the urgently required actions of the government. The response of the military department
includes Afghanistan and Iraq and the new legislation, policies and the other military nonstate
agencies. For example, in Australia the new legislation from the year 2001 expanded the size and
role of the Police of the Australian Federal. This federal provides new powers so as to control
over the new terror attacks that harmonized the terrorist functions for the enforcement of the law
of the criminal in the various state and territory police. All the agencies of the public policy in
Australia consist of the branches for preventing terrorism and also include participation in the
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planning processes of the National counter-terrorism committee. New powers of the policies
related to the detention and questioning are handled by the Domestic security agency. The
policies related to terrorism mainly focused on the prevention of terrorism and its responsibilities
shared with the private and public agencies. As per the study, the cooperation between the
different agencies and the police department is the ongoing problem or issue.
With emerging of the new patterns of the terrorism, it is most challengeable for the nations to
fight against the terrorism at international level. It threatens that peace and security at worldwide
level which becomes the serious for both at domestic and global level.
The policies of the terrorism focus on giving more attention and also the other issues are to
challenge with the accessible policies (Lopes, et. al., 2018). Australia is actively participating in
making the availability of the police in maintaining the peace and the development of the trainers
in maintaining peace and security in the nation. This requires that the efforts are made at the
international level for strengthening the policies in preventing the crimes in the countries like
Iraq and Indonesia.
Another issue related to the security which includes an increase in the mobility of the people as
refugees due to poverty with the changing in the climate. In this context, Australia deals with the
issues related to the arrivals that are not unauthorized.
The police of Australia play an important role in controlling over the social problems and to face
the social and security challenges. As per the new policy of the federal government provide
military and police officers for checking the children’s health, discourage the consumption of the
alcohol, encourage the students for attending the school and build the infrastructure.
Further, there are various challenges that are faced by criminal justice is mentioned below:
With the emerging in terrorism, it threatens the overall dignity and security of the human beings
which takes the lives of the innocent people.
This terrorism links with the drug trafficking, arms trafficking, and money laundering related
matters. This also includes the commission of serious nature of crimes which includes robbery,
murder, extortion, hostage-taking, and kidnapping.
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With increasing in the threatening of the territorial integrity and the state's security constitute for
the purpose of entertaining the matters related to the violation of the United Nations principles
(Ashworth, 2015). It also impacts the threat in international peace and security which is an
important element for maintaining peace and security. The other challenge before criminal
justice is to protect the privacy of the citizens
Another challenge is that which affects the human rights and its enjoyment which includes the
right to life which includes that the targeted killing especially civilians in the regard of the armed
conflict by the terror groups for which the Human Rights Committee is established. It assists in
providing the information and gathering the relevant information related to the issues and the
challenges that are faced by criminal justice.
With the excessive use of drugs in which 50 to 80 percent of the men are positively tested for the
using of the drugs. The next is to deals with the juvenile or the youth who are indulge in the
terrorism activities at early age.The incarceration rate is very high as there are millions of people
are under the supervision for committing of the crime. The next challenge is of increasing
violence against the women that needs to be improving under the criminal justice system.
Conclusion
With changing in the crime and the environmental security, the new and unanticipated problems
including the terror threats which exclude the external threats related to the security which
includes terrorism, threats of the diseases, political unrest, poverty, failing of the states and the
other related problems caused due to the change in the climate. With the rapidly changing in the
society the new internal threats are increasing and in this context, it is important to address the
social problems that support the terrorist activities in the nation. In Australia, the above threats
impact the security powers of the country. At the end of this report, it is concluding that the
activities of the police are necessary for public police for maintaining the role of the leadership
for the security and control of the crime. Further, it is important that the police have a clear
understanding in relation to the counterterrorism and its prevention. In this context, it is
important that the police of the Victoria are guided and trained properly so as to face the
terrorism activities. It is important that both the community as well as the government together
take initiatives to face the emerging challenges in the terror's activities. This assists in
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minimizing the impacts and encourages the society to fight with the emerging terrors. In this
context, it is important the law enforcement agencies ensure that the appropriate laws are enacted
to fight against the terrorist activities and no compromise should be done with the terrorism.
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References
 Ashworth, A. (2015). Sentencing and criminal justice. Cambridge University Press.
 Jansen, N., Hinz, O. and Strufe, T. (2018). “Police–To Protect And Serve” Online:
Factors Contributing To Modern Ways Of Interaction Between Citizens And Law
Enforcement Agencies.
 Lopes, A.C.A., Mendes, A., Cabral, M. and Fernandes, S. (2018). How do Citizenship,
Military and Security Dynamics Impact the Development of ECOWAS?. The Journal of
Pan African Studies (Online), 11(10), 20.
 Omelicheva, M.Y. (2016). November. Mapping the Terrorism/Trafficking Nexus in
Central Asia. In Prepared for the Annual Conference of the Central Eurasian Studies
Society, 6.
 Reiman, J. and Leighton, P. (2015). Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, The
(Subscription): Ideology, Class, and Criminal Justice. Routledge.
 Schmalleger, F. (2017). Criminal justice. Pearson.
 Walklate, S. (2013). Gender, crime and criminal justice. Willan.
 Zehr, H. (2015). The little book of restorative justice: Revised and updated. Simon and
Schuster.
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