Data Privacy: Roles of Government, Businesses, and Individuals

This essay provides a comprehensive discussion of data privacy in Australia, focusing on the respective roles and responsibilities of the Australian government, businesses, and individuals in maintaining data privacy. The introduction highlights the increasing importance of data protection in the digital age, emphasizing the challenges posed by cyber security threats and data breaches. The essay then compares and contrasts the roles of each stakeholder, including the government's regulatory framework and the responsibilities of businesses and individuals in safeguarding data. It references the Privacy Act 1988 and Australian Privacy Principles (APPs), outlining key principles and regulations. The essay also explores the impact of data breaches, individual rights, and the actions taken by the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) to promote cyber security awareness. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of a multi-faceted approach to data privacy, recognizing the need for collaboration between all stakeholders to address the evolving landscape of cyber threats and data protection.

BUSSINESS

Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Compare and contrast the respective roles and responsibilities of the Australian government,
businesses, and individuals in maintaining data privacy.......................................................................3
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................6
References.............................................................................................................................................8

Introduction
This essay brings out a discussion on maintaining data privacy regulated by the Australian
government, individuals, and the businesses. Privacy, cyber security, and data protection are
some of the emerging and powerful challenges for the organisations and the government.
After the digital transformation, information hacking, and spoilage of individual trust has
threatened the authorities to maintain their goodwill. The essay will elaborate possible threats
and the related consequences to protect the data with the help of complying with the
government regulations (Kent, 2016).
Compare and contrast the respective roles and
responsibilities of the Australian government,
businesses, and individuals in maintaining data privacy.
Public data hacking is not only huge problem but it is also different. Ideally, privacy has been
spoiled when data hackers breach the company`s server then the relevant company incur huge
cost in identifying theft, financial loss, intellectual loss, and relative negative brand effect.
While protecting the sensitive data, government agencies are driving on a mission when there
is a greater similarity of dealing with the sensitive data, which finally become lucrative in the
hands of the burglars. Government facing challenges have been running deeper because of
growing vulnerable system. Various agencies are regularly found and targeted by the hackers
especially the teams trained under the national and state programs. Government often try to
prevent them against the hostile intruders, individuals, and the employees, as they want their
data to be conveniently present everywhere (Kent, 2016). On a short note, governmental
cyber security issues have become unique criteria of problems because of high volume of
threats and hug scale of other circumstances when the threats are not foiled. Bank robberies,
attackers, and most of the cyber threats have made a narrow and other intrusion to threaten
the data. It has been observed that some of the unidentified political hacktivists have the
ability to disrupt and equally destroy the governmental operations, city power grids, banking

transactions and the military weapon system. It is has been claimed that three-fourth of the
state chief information security officers often says that states are not potentially spending on
cyber security, retaining and attracting the right talent but finally it creates continuous strive
for the lower government salaries, complicated hiring procedure with a lack of clear career
paths (Knowles, Prince, Hutchison, Disso, & Jones, 2015).
In order to resolve the issues related to privacy and security problems, Agency of privacy
code released by Australian Government, it is necessary for the relevant agencies to keep a
centralised recording of the kind of personal information, which they hold (Carr, 2016). It is
the responsibility of the privacy officer`s to sustain the record and ensure that personal
information security measures considered to be comprehensive. According to the privacy
Act, 1988 that is an Australian law, which supports handling the personal information and
data regarding the individual (Joinson, & Steen, 2018). Privacy Act realises a code of conduct
for the fair information and the related practises which will govern, maintain, collect, use and
its relevant dissemination of data in regards to the people maintaining the system of records
(Joinson, & Steen, 2018). This act includes APPs (Australian privacy principles) that also
considers general legislations, which will affect the data protection act that has brought out
some of the action based acts such as Spam Act, 2003 that regulates the types of the
commercial electronic messages (Joinson, & Steen, 2018). Other regulation is in regards to
the telecommunication sector complying with the authority of office of the Australian
information commissioner (OAIC), Australian Communication, and media Authority, state
privacy health information (Amini et al., 2015). Other relevant regulation and legislation are
related to the personal data, processing, controlling, data subject, sensitive personal data,
processor, collects, holds, data breaches, and de-identified (Cherdantseva et al., 2016). The
legislation for the personal data checks whether the opinion for data is correct and presented
well or not. On the other hand, it is too check whether the data has been recorded in the

material form or not. Although, processing has not been used in the privacy Act as in terms of
usage and disclosures. Usage is known to be in terms of personal information involving
information within entity. Further, disclosure is related to the personal data until the personal
entity (Buczak, & Guven, 2015). Other eligible data breaches happens when there is an
unauthorised accessibility. Loss of personal data and disclosures, which is held by the
company (Buczak, & Guven, 2015). Some of the main principles applicable to the regulations
of the personal data. APP 1 enacts the obligations related to the organisation to take further
actions transparently dealing with the personal data (Rutledge, 2018). This necessitates the
company to implement process, systems, and practises in order to ensure that companies are
APP compliant. Further, it looks forward to necessitate and require up-to-date policies on the
basis of which the personal data will be handled. This is how the organisational procedure
limits and controls the lawful criteria for processing (Buczak, & Guven, 2015). The legal and
lawful basis for the disclosure and usage of the personal data necessitates the company to
follow the consent of a person. APP has limited the collection in order to inform reasonably
as per the necessary in regards to the functions (Rutledge, 2018). It covers the purpose of
using and disclosing the personal information for the primary and secondary purposes and the
other purposes are being prohibited (Business.gov.in., 2018). It has been regulated that the
organisation should maintain minimum data so organisation should not collect personal data
unless the data is necessary for and directly relevant to the actions of one or more functional
entity (Fielder, Panaousis, Malacaria, Hankin, & Smeraldi, 2016). An organisation should
take appropriate and reasonable steps so that it can ensure the usage of personal information
and check whether disclosures are up to date, relevant, accurate, and complete
(Business.gov.in., 2018).
Some of the important individual actions and rights based on processing of the personal data
includes right to access the right data and its copies (Rutledge, 2018). APP 12 avails

individual rights to access the data and set timeframes through which companies should
respond (Protective Security Policy Framework, 2018). In order to get the errors rectified,
APP 13 allows the person to necessitate the organisation to correct the personal information
that it holds. Authority to delete and forgotten rights, which do not exist in the Australian
laws (Rutledge, 2018). The collection, usage, and the related disclosures of the personal data
demands consent and notice (Protective Security Policy Framework, 2018). Although there is
no particular right in order to prevent processing but there exist some restriction on the
collection, use, solicitation, and the disclosure related to personal data that further includes
ands values the purpose of what type of information is to be supplied (Asher, & Gonzalez,
2015). For the individual purpose, right to data portability does not comply as per the
Australian regulations (Eggers, 2018). As per the privacy act, a person have the appropriate
right to plea a Xerox and copy of personal data from the organisations that could hold the
information. An organisation must cease the mode of direct marketing, disclosing, and using
the personal information for the direct marketing if they actually receive a plea from a person
to cease. An individual has the right to complain for the information when they actually
believe that they are suffering from the interferences in their privacy (Eggers, 2018). From
the data given in the reports, it is seen that Australia is a significant lead in regards to work
across the government for the collective defences (Eggers, 2018). Australian Cyber Security
Centre (AACSC) acts as an important role in regards to create awareness for the cyber
security, empowering the reporting to the extent of the cyber threats (Eggers, 2018).
Encouraging the awareness and reporting of the incidents by analysing and finally
investigating certain threats, national security operations, and finally heading towards
Australian government`s responding to the hacking incidents (Global legal Group limited,
2018). The Australian approach of curing security issues and maintaining good hygiene
network by blocking the unknown executable files, installing the many software updates,

restricting the administrative privileges, and also the maintaining the security patches for all
the computers (Global legal Group limited, 2018). This program of preventing cyber security
issues target to examine the adversaries and finally combining the threat related to data from
several organisations in order to strengthen the overall intelligence. The system will include
many further uploading results of the intrusion attempting cloud and by giving the analysts an
opportunity from several agencies to attract a large pool of data scanners (Global legal Group
limited, 2018).
Conclusion
The above discussion has discovered the many other modes of cyber security threats that has
been hampering the existence of personal data in the records of the organisations, government
institution, and the individual firms. The third security principle related to rethinking the
network security. It has been reported that the chess match think of cyber security.
Government has to employ strengths and advantages in regards to opponent weaknesses and
disadvantages. The language of the digitalisation related crimes may be colourful and if the
language is extreme game, changing then the cyber attack can be destroying. On the same
hand, a new generation warriors offend to investigate the further tactics and other targeting
disruptive hackers.

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