Report on Corporate Social Responsibility in Australian Manufacturing

This report provides a detailed analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the Australian manufacturing industry. It begins by identifying and describing the data collection methods used, specifically focusing on a questionnaire-based survey. The report justifies the use of this data colle...Read More

CSR of manufacturing
industry in Australia

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Identification, description and history of the particular data collection used..............................9
Justification and explanation for particular data collection instrument.....................................10
Assessment on how the particular collection of data is validated.............................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

MAIN BODY
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the most effective approach as it is one of
the self- regulated business model that helps company to be socially and ethically accountable.
Personal details
Name:______________
1. What is your age?
 Below 18 years
 18 to 25 years
 25-31 years
 Above 31 years
2. What is your gender?
 Male
 Female
3. What is your marital status?
 Single
 Married
4. What is your income level?
 Below $3000
 $3000 to $8000
 $8000 to 13000
 Above $13000
(1) The important aspect of Corporate Social Responsibility.
1.1. Do you think corporate social responsibility has a positive impact on the company?

 Yes
 No
 Maybe
1.2 Do you that manufacturing firms must perform CSR in order to provide social benefits to its
employees?
 Yes
 No
 Maybe
1.3 Manufacturing firms cause lot of harm to natural environment. They must perform CSR to
protect environment. Do you agree?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
1.4 In order to prevent harm to natural environment which of below given step Government
must take to handle situation?
 Charging penalty on firms
 Allocation fund for technology innovation
 Both of above
(2) Responsibilities of the manufacturing industry as well as business organisations
towards the society of Australia.
2.1 Do you think that providing more income opportunity is responsibility of business towards
society?

 Yes
 No
2.2 Do you think that providing safe working conditions is responsibility of business towards
society?
 Yes
 No
2.3 Do you think that ensuring good natural environment is responsibility of business towards
society?
 Yes
 No
2.4 Do you think that preventing clashes between groups (religious) is responsibility of business
towards society?
 Yes
 No
(3) Responsibility of the corporate organisations towards the environment of Australia.
3.1 Do you think firm is responsible to upgrade its technology so that less pollution can be
spread in surrounding area?
 Yes
 No
3.2 Do you think that firm must take some preventive measures like use of waste to develop
product or selling waste to any other firm to prepare product?
 Yes
 No
3.3 Do you think that firm must grow plants in surrounding area so as to ensure that less harm
will cause to environment due to its operations?
 Yes

 No
(4) Operational endeavours that should be undertaken by the manufacturing firms of
Australia in order to fulfil the CSR initiatives.
4.1 Firm must motivate people to prevent use of products that harm natural environment?
Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
4.2 Through which of below given programs firm can educate people about environment
protection.
 Go green campaign
 TV advertisement
 Rally
4.3 Do you think above selected option may work effectively?
 Yes
 No
Dummy Table
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age Below 18
years- 7%
18 to 25
years- 13%
25-31 years-
55%
25-31 years-
15%
Above 31 years-
10%
Gender Male- 53% Female- 47%
Marital Single- 56% Married-

status 44%
Income level Below
$3000- 15%
$3000 to
$8000- 20%
$8000 to
13000- 35%
Above
$13000-
30%
1. The important aspect of Corporate Social Responsibility
1.1 Positive
impact of
CSR on
company.
Yes- 80% No-15% Maybe- 5%
1.2
Manufacturi
ng firms
must
perform CSR
in order to
provide
social
benefits to
its
employees.
Yes- 78% No- 10% Maybe- 12%
1.3
Manufacturi
ng firms
cause lot of
harm to
natural
environment.
Strongly
agree- 30%
Agree-25% Neutral- 20% Disagree-
15%
Strongly disagree-
10%

1.4 Effective
measure to
prevent harm
to natural
environment
Charging
penalty on
firms- 15%
Allocation
fund for
technology
innovation-
20%
Both of
above- 65%
2. Responsibilities of the manufacturing industry as well as business organisations towards the
society of Australia.
2.1
Providing
more income
opportunity.
Yes- 70% No- 30%
2.2
Providing
safe working
conditions.
Yes- 86% No- 14%
2.3 Ensuring
good natural
environment.
Yes- 80% No- 20%
2.4
Preventing
clashes
between
groups
(religious).
Yes- 78% No- 22%
3. Responsibility of the corporate organisations towards the environment of Australia.

3.1 Up-
gradation in
technology
to reduce
pollution.
Yes- 90% No- 10%
3.2
Preventive
measures
like use of
waste to
develop
product.
Yes- 83% No- 17%
3.3 Grow
plants in
surrounding
area
Yes- 79% No- 21%
4. Operational endeavours that should be undertaken by the manufacturing firms of Australia in
order to fulfil the CSR initiatives.
4.1 Motivate
people to
prevent use
of harmful
products
Agree- 25% Strongly
agreed- 35 %
Neutral- 20% Disagree-
12%
Strongly disagree-
8%
4.2 Programs
firm can
educate
people about
Go green
campa
ign –
45%
TV
advert
iseme
nt –
Rally-
25%

environment
protection.
30%
4.3 Go green
campaign
will work
effectively.
Agree- 25% Strongly
agreed- 45%
Neutral- 15% Disagree-
10%
Strongly disagree-
5%
Identification, description and history of the particular data collection used.
Data collection is an effective process of measuring and collecting data based on the
particular targeted variables. It is very useful in enabling relevant answers to the particular
question in order to effectively evaluate particular outcomes (Krosnick, 2018). Data collection is
very useful in evaluating the various research problem by effectively developing hypothesis.
Data can be collected with the help of primary method and secondary method. Primary data is
the method when the researcher wants to explore new information related with corporate social
responsibility of manufacturing industry in Australia. Such data can be collected with the help of
questionnaire, survey, interviews, polls, etc. Secondary data collection method is used to further
investigate the particular research data. Such information has already been collected earlier and
can be further used to further investigate the particular subject matter. Data collection is one of
the effective measures to effectively gather and measure information by considering various
variable interest.
A questionnaire is designed which helps in collecting the valid and reliable information
from large number of individuals in order to gain accurate data for the particular research study.
Designing of questionnaire is one of the effective process which h helps in collecting data from
large number of respondents (Church and Waclawski, 2017). Questionnaire is designed on the
basis of aim, objectives and research questions of the particular area of study. It is very useful in
collecting varied viewpoints of various respondents, collection of demographics, recording of
observation. A standard and structured designed questionnaire is useful in providing the
quantifiable results and outcomes for gaining insight on the important aspects taken by
manufacturing industry to comply with corporate social responsibility practice. It is very useful

in gaining fast results, easy analysis, comparability, scalability, validity and reliability of the
data. At the time of designing a questionnaire, all the stages of survey design must be effectively
considered in order to valid and reliable information related with corporate social responsibility
of manufacturing industry in Australia. Questionnaires are effectively designed to effectively
determine the valid information. In order to effectively design a questionnaire, researcher should
focus on studying the protocol, develop a plan of analysis, formulation of list of information
needed, designing various different parts of a questionnaire, write all the necessary questions,
deciding an order of the questions, completion of questionnaire and verifying the style and
content of questions. Questionnaires are designed in such a way that answer to specific question
helps in summing the scores to obtain overall measure of the opinion of the respondents.
Designing of a questionnaire is very important as it is very useful in collecting accurate and
relevant data in order to gain results which are generalisable and interpretable (Rahi, 2017). A
standard questionnaire helps in effectively providing quantifiable answer for the particular area
of study. Questionnaire is designed with the help of multiple grid in order to make it systematic,
professional and presentable. In case the survey questionnaire is carried out online then all the
necessary specifications such as click button, status bar, etc. layout should be created. Drop
down box, open ended box, pop up instruction box, check box, etc. are effective measures to
design a particular questionnaire.
Justification and explanation for particular data collection instrument.
Surveys are one of the most effective tool which helps researcher in gaining in- depth
information for the particular subject matter related with corporate social responsibility of
manufacturing industry in Australia (Patten, 2016). This approach is used because it is useful in
evaluating the viewpoints of various respondents. Surveys are used in order to increase the
knowledge on responsibility of the corporate company towards the environment of Australia.
Survey is useful in assessing opinions, thoughts and feeling of the respondent. It is also very
useful as it is specific and limited and helps in reaching widespread goals. Sample survey is
useful in asking detailed and specific question (Survey Question Sequence, Flow, & Style Tips,
2019). Questionnaire is an effective method to collect data because it is relatively easy to
interpret and analyse the results of various respondents. It has the capability to target large
audience in order to gather accurate and relevant results which in turn helps in drawing valid
conclusion and leads to take important decision. It is very useful in assessing the characteristics

which are to be tested and could have not been evaluated otherwise. Survey through
questionnaire method is useful as it leads to less burden of respondents. It is also useful in
gathering relevant information quickly and efficiently.
Questionnaire is simple to administer and can be distributed online in order to cater large
number of respondents to effectively attain higher goals and objectives (Ponto, 2015). This is an
effective measure because respondents have sufficient time effectively respond to a particular
question. It is relatively easy and cost efficient in order to gain desired goals and objectives. It is
also very useful in gaining statistical analysis for the particular subject matter. Research can be
carried out effectively with the help of survey of questionnaire without really affecting the
reliability and viability of the data. The versatility if the survey is an asset to the researcher
because it is very useful in understanding the viewpoints of the particular population which in
turn helps in filling the gaps on the particular subject matter. Survey method is useful because it
takes less time to collect the data and process the same in order to produce relevant results.
Surveys are very useful in effectively determining the variable and characteristics of the large
population in order to draw conclusion and make relevant decision. This method is very useful in
gaining good statistical information because of high representativeness. Questionnaire helps in
collecting useful information by using effective questionnaire design and wording (Church and
Waclawski, 2017). The words used in questionnaire should be accurate and specific. The words
should not have same meaning. It helps in better understanding and correct answers for the
particular research questions. An alternative for fixed alternative questions and word open ended
questionnaire is that, researcher can also opt for face to face interview question in order to gain
vocal and wider viewpoints on the particular subject matter. Questionnaire can be effectively
designed by effectively demonstrating with open ended questions, fixed questions, multiple
choice questions, simple dichotomy questions, frequency, answer scale, checking off boxes, etc.
Questionnaire can be effectively classified into face to face questionnaire, self administered
questionnaire, telephone questionnaire, paging survey, internet based questionnaire, scrolling
survey, etc.
Sequence of questionnaire can effectively develop with the help of funnel techniques. It
is very useful in narrowing down the particular research topic (Interview Guide Development: A
4-Stage “Funnel” Approach, 2019). The questionnaire must start with broad general interest
questions which are usually very easy for the respondents to answer. Then gradually down the

line the research questions become more specific in order to attain aim and research questions. It
should also have an option top filter the questionnaire. Pivot questionnaire is use d to effectively
determine the version of the subsequent question to be asked. Questionnaire designed should be
short and must be written in simple writing style.
Assessment on how the particular collection of data is validated.
The importance of effectively measuring the consistency and accuracy of the particular
research instrument is referred to as the viability and reliability of the particular data (Fink,
2015). Reliability is referred to as the degree which is very useful in determining the viability
and authencity of the data collected. Validation of questionnaire means that the questionnaire has
been answered by the large number of respondents in an ethical and reliable manner. Validation
of information collected is based on setting a clear database. Cornbach's Aplha is one of the most
effective measure to deter mine the internal consistency and reliability of the particular data. It
helps in determining the scalability of the research outcomes in order to determine its reliability.
Reliability and validity of the data collected can be effectively determined by producing the
stable and consistent results. This is one of the effective approach as it is very useful in
determining the validity and reliability of the data. Higher value of alpha is desirable because
large number of respondents have answered the same answer to the particular question. It is
useful in measuring the test and assess the consistency of the results in a systematic and efficient
manner. Cornbach's Aplha approach is useful n measuring the reliability of the questionnaire. It
helps in analysing the likert question in a particular questionnaire. It is very useful in determining
the if the particular scale is reliable. The test and retest approach is commonly used by the
researcher to assess the viability and reliability of the data collected. The thumb rule is that
Cornbach's Aplha approach score of .70 and above is considered good, score of .80 and above is
considered better and ore of .90 and above is the best.
In order to effectively evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, researcher must focus on
pilot testing. This helps in pointing out the problems with the test instructions. It helps in
determining the factors which are not clear or contains errors. This method is very useful in
determining the feasibility of an approach to gain broader insight on the corporate social
responsibility of manufacturing industry in Australia (Brace, 2018). Principal component
analysis questionnaire helps in determining the whether the questionnaire is useful for the
validation process. This method is useful in reducing the dimensionality of the large set of data.

This helps in taking feedback from the respondents in order to gain wider perspective on the
particular subject matter.
The questionnaire is said to be viable when it is free from complexity. It is simple and e
easily understood. It should not contain any ambiguous questions. It should not have double
barrel questions which might confuse the respondent to answer a particular question effectively.
It should not be loaded with multiple generalised questions. The questions designed in
questionnaire must be specific and must beet the objectives of the research. The words used in
the questionnaire must not be misleading and should have same meaning. The questions
presented in the questionnaire must not be based on assumption (Krosnick, 2018). The researcher
must pre test the instrument before distributing that to the respondents. It helps in determining
the flaws or errors in the question which in turn helps in attaining better results and outcomes for
the particular area of study. The data collected should protected and it is the responsibility of the
researcher to protect the privacy of the respondents. The questionnaire should effectively go
through a pretest which in turn helps in gaining desired results and outcomes related with
corporate social responsibility of manufacturing industry in Australia.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Brace, I., 2018. Questionnaire design: How to plan, structure and write survey material for
effective market research. Kogan Page Publishers.
Church, A.H. and Waclawski, J., 2017. Designing and using organizational surveys. Routledge.
Fink, A., 2015. How to conduct surveys: A step-by-step guide. Sage Publications.
Krosnick, J.A., 2018. Questionnaire design. In The Palgrave handbook of survey research (pp.
439-455). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Patten, M.L., 2016. Questionnaire research: A practical guide. Routledge.
Ponto, J., 2015. Understanding and evaluating survey research. Journal of the advanced
practitioner in oncology.6(2). p.168.
Rahi, S., 2017. Research design and methods: A systematic review of research paradigms,
sampling issues and instruments development. International Journal of Economics &
Management Sciences.6(2). pp.1-5.
Online
Interview Guide Development: A 4-Stage “Funnel” Approach. 2019. [Online]. Available
through: <https://researchdesignreview.com/2015/06/28/interview-guide-development-a-4-
stage-funnel-approach/>
Survey Question Sequence, Flow, & Style Tips. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.qualtrics.com/experience-management/research/question-sequence-flow-
style/>