Annotated Bibliography: Australian Refugee Policies and Issues Faced

This annotated bibliography examines the multifaceted challenges faced by refugees and asylum seekers in Australia, particularly in relation to mandatory detention and the development of socially developed policies. The bibliography includes summaries of five key sources. The first article explores the changing roles of social workers within the Australian asylum system, highlighting issues of mental and social abuse, and the need for policy improvements. The second article discusses the ethical implications of discharging asylum seekers, using a case study to illustrate the complexities of civil disobedience and the need for policies. The third source analyzes social exclusion as a policy metaphor, emphasizing the importance of considering social determinants of health and the potential for inequities in policy design. The fourth resource focuses on the relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees, emphasizing the need for further research and policy adjustments. Finally, the fifth source examines how economic, humanitarian, and religious concerns shape attitudes toward asylum seekers, particularly focusing on the externalization of migration controls and its impact on human rights. Overall, the bibliography highlights the need for comprehensive and ethical policies to address the complex needs of refugees and asylum seekers in Australia.

Annotated Bibliography - 1

TOPIC - Issues faced by refugees/asylum seekers like mandatory Detention
from Australia" in regards to socially developed policies.
ANNOTTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCE 1 : Maylea, C., & Hirsch, A. (2018). Social workers as collaborators? The ethics
of working within Australia’s asylum system. Ethics and Social Welfare, 12(2), 160-178.
SUMMARY
The authors describe about how social workers has changed the overall working process,
which was related to or linked with Australian asylum seeker processing system. This was
particularly done among the areas of Manus and Nauru Island, where refugees that were coming
within the collaborative position has just started going through a number of issues like mental
and social abuse. Away with this, there were number of reasons, why collaboration got disrupted
where people who were belonging to the nation used to tease and do other sort of mental or
social abuse and this was required to reach to an end. On the other side, the current policy that is
being developed requires proper attention because, social workers that were resisting proper
status quo as well, in regards public shaming, imprisonment and risking unemployment. Away
with this, taking in use of different things like whistle blower testimony, freedom of information
disclosures, parliamentary records, leaked documents, media reports, case law along with
academic literature in order to reduce the abuse and they could get encouraged as well towards
whatever ways they can, perform in terms of legal, ethical and other sort of practical limitations
as well. Therefore, it is being concluded that Australian asylum seeker processing system is
required to be properly improvised so that abuse could be reduced to minimal.

REFERENCE 2 : Essex, R., & Isaacs, D. (2018). The ethics of discharging asylum seekers to
harm: a case from Australia. Journal of bioethical inquiry, 15(1), 39-44.
SUMMARY
Considering above article resource, where both the authors (Isaacs and Essex), has
basically given reasons in regards to different range of ethical aspects of discharging asylum
seeker (a case study), where clinical terms got changed into the act of civil disobedience.
Basically, it can be said that in Australia, there were many cases that came in front, where a
normal clinical procedure turned into a much more critical case as it reached to a level of civil
disobedience. It has been analysed that “Baby Asha”, who was a migrant who was having severe
medical conditions and just when whole procedures got finished the discharge system of hospital
was turned into civil disobedience and this has happened due to ample number of reasons, where
social policy was required to be developed on the issues that migrants were facing while living
their life in a nation like Australia. Therefore, it can easily be said that social policies in present
time within Australia are being developed on the basis of a range of theories. Rather than this, it
was pretty much required for the governance to consider all these needs and requirements of
migrants that are already dealing with ample number of issues.

REFERENCE 3 : Marston, G. (2017). Constructing the meaning of social exclusion as a policy
metaphor. In Social constructionism in housing research (pp. 71-92). Routledge.
SUMMARY
This analyses that social determinants of health is very essential. The basic political
agenda of framing policies is that these must be properly and effectively implemented. Presently,
social determinants of health has been paid very less attention. In particular, there has been a
trend of personalising and funding for health care services in England. Example of this is
Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). NDIS has a great potential to take care
of health large number of disabled Australians. Moreover, as a part of the longitudinal study a
systematic study in search of policy documents on government websites is done. This basically
relates to the formulations and implementation of various schemes being framed by the
government. A study was also conducted its basic aim was to examine the issues of equity
related to these schemes. Finally, after NDIS was formed scheme architects have also stated that
NDIS has enough competence to replace the state determined services. With the above
mentioned information it can be concluded that careful consideration must always be given.
Otherwise, there can be inequities and inequalities in policy design especially at the
implementation stage. On the other hand, it has also been summarised that policy metaphor if
understood in a much more detailed manner, then it will give a range of benefits to both
government of Australia and to public as well.

REFERENCE 4 : Li, S. S., Liddell, B. J., & Nickerson, A. (2016). The relationship between
post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers. Current
psychiatry reports, 18(9), 82.
SUMMARY
This states that there is very high rate of Post – traumatic disorder (PTSD) and other
types of psychological disorders. The current situation where there is being forceful
displacements that makes it very necessary to understand some of the factors related to the
mental health of such refugees. Trauma before migration is one such factor which describes the
state of mental health in refugees and asylum seekers . In particular, many research has been
conducted to study the psychological aspects on the mental health of such refugees and asylum
seekers. Moreover, it has also been discovered that many interpersonal ,Socio-economic and
social factors also have a bearing on the psychological status of such refugees .This means that
macro environment factors that is external environment affect mental status of refugees . Finally,
it can be summarized that from a future prospect literature which is already prevailing and used
is limited and needs expansion to increase its scope. Also there has to be many future actions to
be taken so that research can be conducted effectively and properly . Loopholes which are there
have to be corrected so that research is done appropriately and adequate findings can be drawn.

REFERENCE 5 : Bansak, K., Hainmueller, J. and Hangartner, D., 2016. How economic,
humanitarian, and religious concerns shape European attitudes toward asylum seekers. Science,
354(6309), pp.217-222.
SUMMARY
Within the article, where authors has mentioned about working of a particular factor i.e.
externalization of migration controls. Basically, what this article has presented the information in
regards to externalization of different borders, which majorly stays enclosed with different range
of human rights that both refugees and asylum seekers carries. On the other hand, it has been
analysed that high number of migrants are having legal protections in a number of countries but
this also shifts from time to time, as per the requirements. Here, social policies that are required
to be made are not being developed, when it comes to look at the stability point but there was no
look given on the same and reason behind this was, many nations like Australia, European Union
and the United States has kept their focus on building social policies considering ample number
of theories. On the other hand, considering the information it is being concluded that
strengthening the protection of human rights in the context of state actions seeking to manage
migration.