Automated Street Lightening System: Individual Project 2015/2016

This project focuses on designing and developing an automated street lighting system to minimize power wastage and reduce electricity bills. The system utilizes Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) and an ATmega8 microcontroller to control the streetlights based on light intensity. The project outlines the objectives, including designing a control system, appraising existing systems, developing a control hardware unit, and evaluating the system's validity. Work packages include sensor development, LDR integration, circuit design using IC CA3140, and capacitor implementation. The system aims to provide a cost-effective and reliable solution compared to existing systems with high power wastage. The expected results, simulated using computer software, demonstrate the potential for significant energy savings and improved streetlight management, contributing to economic and social stability.

AUTOMATED STREET LIGHTENING SYSTEM POSTER
Name BEng (Hons) Electrical & Electronic Engineering
2015/ 2016 AME6001: Individual Project
INTRODUCE THE PROJECT
AIMS
The aims of this project divided into
Objective 1: To design a control system for the automation and implementation of the makeable
streets light through the application of relay and dependent resistor
Objective 2: To appraise and explore the present street light and their relevant control system
Objective 3: To design a makeable street light with an automated and effective control unit
Objective 4: To develop a designated control hardware unit
Objective 5: To evaluate and test for the designed system validity
Objective 6: To appraise the cognitive advantages as well as the overall limitations of the designed
system
Objective 7: To identify and review the related components in line with the designed automatic
street lighting unit

DESCRIBE THE PROJECT
Project is based on the principle of the variation in line with the light intensity. It operates as a result of the defection in the changes of the light intensity with respect to daylight and
darkness. The control units have the ability of turn on as well as turn off depending on the amount of light striking their face in which they are in contact with.
Work-Package 1
Developing of the sensors and incorporating them in the system. Designed with an aim of ensuring that they have the ability of not only sensing the light but also hastening the emitted
light coming from the overall streetlight. Controlling the emitted light coming from the makeable streetlights essentially depends on the light intensity available at the moment.
Work-Package 2
Designing and integrating Light Dependent Resistors or LDRs in the system. LDRs used in the system have to be made of the semiconductors materials . Essentially, the changes
which are likely to be made in the system depend on the GSM. Fundamntal LDRs used and utilized in the system must have light sensitive. The principle of operation mainly depends
on the system effectiveness and it is used for controlling lightining striking the surface. Essential operations mainly carried out in line with the photoconductivity principles alongside.
Moreover, the light depended resistors mainly grounded on the basis of the makeable light amount reactions falling on the LDRs surface. Also, the Cadmium sulphide is utilized
alongside LDRs in line with this project (Sang, 2014).
Figures showing Light Dependent Resistors or LDRs
In most cases, the GSM have to be incorporated in the system via the system connection (Woodside, 2013)
Work-Package 3
The circuit used in the designing and developing of this project is the IC CA3140. Its operations depends on the amplifier but at the same time can incorporate the makeable PMOS
transistors voltage. Moreover, PMOS transistors voltage often transformed to the preference higher voltage bipolar-transistor through the application of IC CA3140. In this context, the
primary element and factor to be considered is the development of the parametric lighting resistance control system. Parametric lighting resistance control system helps in the
determination of the level at which the proposed light will not only go-off but also go on. This resistance helps in the determination of the current flows in the overall system. However,
it is vital to note that the current flowing in the resistor system is equal to the voltage readings recorded in the resistor.
Work Package 4
Capacitors forms part and parcel of the work package to be incorporated in the design. Most of the capacitors to be used in the system should be made of the dielectric materials which
must be medium in size. The dielectric materials mainly utilized in this system to ensure that there effective flow of the overall currents between the available capacitors.
Also, relay used in the design as the essential isolator which necessitates the process of isolation between the parametric controller and the main device.
Thus, the relay is applied in the system with an aim of ensuring that there is a prolific manner of monitoring the overall device operations in terms of the working conditions.
Also, it helps in developing a time system which aims at determining the ability of the device to work either in the AC or the DC conditions (Karris, 2016, p. 674).

ILLUSTRATE YOUR WORK
Background Theory
This project aims at developing the automatic street light control system.The system is designed in a makeable and sophisticated manner that it is obviously reliable and cost effective.
The fundamental disadvantage on the current and prevalent systems is that they have imminent power wastage. This raises parametric concerns and thus, calling for a more and
automated street system which is not only power saving but also have high reliance (Gajjar, 2015). Proposed system is expected to be having a control unit. This control unit is referred
as ATmega8 microcontroller and must have the capability of controlling the makeable system units as a whole. The voltage to be utilized in ATmega8 microcontroller system must be
5V DC so as to assist in the operations coming with the rectifier circuit.
Figure showing ATmega8 microcontroller system and figure showing photoelectric sensor
However, the applied rectifier circuit must have an inclusive regulator voltage as well as a step-down transformer. Also, the mainly role of using the light dependent resistors in this system is for
sending the analogue signals to the parametric microcontrollers for the keen interpretation. Additionally, there are four main button keyboards utilized in this design as well as the liquid crystal.
These help in setting the real-time, ON time as well as OFF time for the controls in the system. However, it is important to provide a period of at least one hour as the makeable tolerance. This
tolerance allows for the overall effective working environment for the designed streetlights (Mazidi, 2014).
Diagrams
The figures below show the imminent and key diagrams used in the designing of the automated street light resistor control system.
Figure Showing the Constructed Circuit (Mazidi, 2014) Figure Showing the Working And Operations of the Automated Street Light Control Circuit Unit
Test Rigs and Assembling
The diagram below shows the makeable assembling block diagram for the streetlight control unit designed.
In the diagram, all the related and relative sections are integrated as per the work package proposal

OUTLINE THE RESULTS
The expected results will be simulated using the computer
simulation software.
This will aims ate developing and establishing the correlation
and aspects in line with Automatic Street Light Control system
In essence, MULTISIM application will be adopted in
developing the overall workability alongside various
characteristics which the designed Automatic Street Light
Control system will have in the long run.
DISCUSS and CONCLUDE
In summary, it is important to note that designing and developing of the automated street lights system is the
systematic approach of minimizing the power wastage and increased electricity bills. Effective designed
systems often lower the high electricity bills and cost by at 25% to 60%. Effective lighting often achieved
through the application of the automated street lightening system.
Thus, the utilization of this systems ensure that there is a makeable and significant reduction in the overall
power consumption via the application of the intelligent aided systems.
It is important to develop a proper monitoring procedure for the street lights. Often, the updated data
regarding the street lights need to be noted and reported to the oversight authorities for proper and imminent
monitoring of the system as a whole.
Lighting is viable since it accounts for at least 10% to 38% of the overall energy bills recorded in the major
cities worldwide.
Conversely, street lighting continues to pose serious problems to administrators in the makeable developing
countries basing on the strategic positions of the systems in line with the economic and social stability.
Both poor and ineffective lighting contributes to the wastes recorded in terms of the financial resources
annually as well as accounting for the unsafe environment. Thus, proper lighting in important aspect which
must be adopted and this can only be achieved via the application of automated system. This system will
ensure that there effective and proper utilization of the streetlight in the long run.