Automatic Street Lighting System: Final Year Project Proposal

This document presents a project proposal for an automatic street lighting system, designed to control and monitor streetlights using light-dependent resistors (LDRs) and a GSM communication system. The project aims to address the challenges of energy consumption and manual control in street lighting. The system utilizes LDRs to detect light levels and trigger the switching of lights accordingly, with a microcontroller managing the process. The project outlines the components needed, including LDRs, relays, resistors, a power supply, and a GSM device for real-time communication. The proposal details the academic challenges involved, such as configuring the LDRs and integrating the GSM module. The project's objectives include automatically controlling streetlights, reducing electricity costs, and providing real-time information about the system's status. The document also lists relevant references, including sources on microcontrollers and system design.

Final Year Project Proposal
Title: How to design an Automatic Street Light
Controller Circuit with GSM device using Relay
and LDR
Proposer:
Degree Pathway(s):
Project Aim(s): To come up with a solution that
will reduce the electrical consumption and bill for
the public street lighting which uses GSM
network to relay messages to control center.

Description:
• Automatic lighting of the light bulbs in the streets
forms a fundamental aspect of the curbing of the
ever-rising electricity bills.
• An automatic lighting system, which serves as the
control center for automatic lighting, will be used in
the control of the lights.
• The control works from a command center that relays
real-time information that is needed in the
monitoring of the lights.
• The automatic lighting system will be designed in
such a way that it uses sensors to detect variations in
light and darkness and thus controlling lighting
depending on the intensity of light.
• Light Depended Resistors will be used in the project,
which will be connected to a GSM networking device
that will be used in the relay of real-time information.

• LDRs work on the principle of
photoconductivity which
states that the conductance of
an element increases when
light falls on the surface of
LDR, meaning that an the
resistance of an LDR is
reduced when a beam of light
strikes it.
• The project will also use
cadmium sulphide and will be
built on a CA3140 based
circuit operated using an
amplifier.
• Capacitors, made of materials
which dielectric medium flow
between, will also be used in
this project

• LDRs work on the principle of photoconductivity which
states that the conductance of an element increases when
light falls on the surface of LDR, meaning that an the
resistance of an LDR is reduced when a beam of light strikes
it.
• The project will also use cadmium sulphide and will be built
on a CA3140 based circuit operated using an amplifier.
• Capacitors, made of materials which dielectric medium flow
between, will also be used in this project
Project Objectives and Deliverables
 To identify challenges involved in street lighting
 Design a system, which will be able to monitor the
electric lighting of streetlights automatically.
 Controlled cost and electricity usage since the
lighting is automatic.
 Relayed messages and therefore proper system
control will be achieved.

Staff Expertise
• Electrician
• This is a small project with a limited scope
• Most of the requirements are accessible from the electrician
• The school routine is to be used in making purchases
• The project will cost about $150 and the electrician will make
the purchases on my behalf
Requirements
 Transistor BC547 -2 LDR (Light Dependent
Resistor)
 Relay Resistor 1k
 100k Potentiometer Power Supply 12v -1
 Connecting wires Jumper wires
 Screw terminal Block 2 pin or 3 pin Bread Board or Perf Board
 1n4007 Diode AC supply
 AC Load or Bulb GSM device

Nature of Academic Challenge
• Controlling the darkness and light levels in which the
LDR will be changing the switching options will be the
main academic challenge.
• The project aims at a system that will be sensitive to
detect medium amount of light available and use it to
turn on the street lights
• Configuring the LDR will be adopted so that the
microcontroller detects the change in light intensity in
the system.
• GSM will be used in conveying the information to the
command system on the lights that have been turned
on
• Connecting the GSM will be challenge, as the device
will need to read the changes prompted by the
microcontroller.
• Another LDR will be used to overcome the challenge,
which will be used in detecting the switch in the
lighting system thereby triggering relay of information

References
• Kamal, R., 2009. Microcontrollers: Architecture,
Programming, Interfacing and System Design. 3rd ed.
New York: Pearson Education India.
• Smith, C., 2016. The Car Hacker's Handbook: A Guide
for the Penetration Tester. 5th ed. London: No Starch
Press.