Automation in Aviation: A PESTLE Analysis and Arguments Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of automation within the aviation industry, structured around a PESTLE analysis framework. It begins by explaining the purpose of PESTLE analysis and then identifies the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors relevant to automation in aviation. The report subsequently presents three arguments in favor of increased automation. The first argument focuses on how automation can relieve employee pressure and mitigate human error, referencing legal aspects related to liability in case of accidents. The second argument highlights the legal obligations and legislations, such as the Aviation Automation and Human Factors Safety Act, that facilitate and promote automation while ensuring safety. The third argument further emphasizes the benefits of the Aviation Automation and Human Factors Safety Act, particularly in enhancing system safety assessment and improving pilot training. The conclusion synthesizes the arguments, asserting that automation is beneficial for both air operators and employees, and ultimately in the best interests of society. The report includes a reference list of sources to support the arguments presented.

Automation Travel
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Table of Contents
PESTLE ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................1
FIRST ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF AUTOMATION IN AVIATION INDUSTRY...............2
SECOND ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF AUTOMATION IN AVIATION INDUSTRY..........2
THIRD ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF AUTOMATION IN AVIATION INDUSTRY..............3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

PESTLE ANALYSIS
It is a tool of business management or strategic management which is widely used by
organisations across the globe with an aim of gaining knowledge of the impact placed by the
factors of external environment upon the functioning as well as operations of the company.
PESTLE analysis consists of 6 main elements, namely, political, economic, social, technological,
legal and economic. These 6 facets assist an organisation to understand the extent of impact that
can be placed by the external environment of a company over its day to day business operations.
Political Economic Social Technological Environmental Legal
 Govt. Policy
 Political
stability
 Corruption
 Foreign trade
 Taxation
policies
 Labour laws
and policies
 Economic
growth
 Inflation
 Interest rates
 Exchange
rates
 Disposable
income
 Unemployme
nt rate
 Age
distribution
 Growth rate
of population
 Attitude,
lifestyles and
patterns of
consumers
 Health
consciousness
 Cultural
barriers
 Technology
 Automation
 R&D
 Innovation
 Technology
awareness
 Change in
technology
 Weather
 Change in
climate
 Sustainability
policy
 Environmental
laws and
policies
 Pressure from
NGOs
 Discrimin
ation law
 Employm
ent law
 Health
and safety
guidelines
 Copyright
and patent
law
 Anti trust
law
 Consumer
protection
law
The below mentioned report explores the discussion in favour of the implementation of
automation within the confines of aviation industry. In this regard, the report deals with the
Legal aspect of PESTLE and deals with employees as a stakeholder to measure the impact.
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FIRST ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF AUTOMATION IN AVIATION
INDUSTRY
The implementation of automation within the confines of aviation industry relieves the
employees of their pressure. The chances of accidents that may occur as a result of automation
tend to increase as per the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International
Carriage by Air which has laid down certain liabilities for the air operators in case of an injury or
accident (AUTOMATION IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY AND LIABILITY RELATED
ASPECTS, 2020). However, Article 21 of such Convention lay down some exception under
which the air operator can exclude or limit their liability in relation to the air accidents due to
failure of automation procedures within a flight. Thus, this stands in favour of implementing
automation in the aviation sector across the globe (Liabilities and automation in aviation, 2020).
Thus, the air operators can tap on this opportunity in order to decrease the pressure over human
resources to carry out all the activities of aviation sector. In this relation, from the point of view
of employees also, it can be said that automation is favourable to be executed within the aviation
sector because it will release some duties and responsibilities from their shoulders as these would
be automated. Thus, the employees also desire the operations and activities of aviation sector to
be automated to an extent that is do not imply harm to the passengers taking the flight in terms of
injury to them or their loss of lives.
SECOND ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF AUTOMATION IN AVIATION
INDUSTRY
Legal laws and legislations acts as crucial factor that are required to abide by
organisations operating their functions in aviation industry. Mentioned below there are some
certain form of legal obligations that facilitate automation in aviation industry along with its
impact on employees:
Aviation Automation and Human Factors Safety Act, 2019:
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and National Transportation Safety
Board (NTSB), recommend implementation of this act as to ensure safe automation and concern
human factors safety in order to effectively address issues and challenges that are related to
increase automation in commercial aircraft cockpits, along with the manner in which pilot
respond towards un-commanded flight control input as well as flight deck alerts. With the help of
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this act, entity performing their operation in aerospace and airline manufacturing industry can
effectively able to overcome challenges of automation in commercial aircraft and can further
undertake the safety management system in consideration as to control and identify risk elements
in an effective manner.
THIRD ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF AUTOMATION IN AVIATION
INDUSTRY
With the implementation of Aviation Automation and Human Factors Safety Act, 2019 into
practice organisation involved in aviation industry can effectively ensure system safety
assessment in context with automation and con further provide appropriate and immediate pilot
corrective actions in efficient manner. It increases efficiency of safety with the help of different
pilot procedure and training requirements. For this it is essential to develop those strategies in
order to effectively response towards safety significant failure condition. In addition to this it is
necessary for all the organisation who engage in the functions related to aviation to abide all the
guidelines and regulations and further developed design standards by taking assistance human
factors experts in order to improve effectiveness of failure response. Aviation Automation and
Human Factors Safety Act, 2019 effectively facilitates safety of employees in respective industry
and provide effective opportunity to make significant improvement and protect life of
individuals. It has been identified that automation in aviation industry is somehow risky aspect.
Thus this bill significantly improves and design safety assessments that boost understanding and
ability of pilot work with automation system. In addition with this act also facilitates
development of methods as well as to by undertaking insight from human factors industry
experts, as to enhance pilots validation assumptions in context with technology. Main motive of
enforcing this law in to practice is to maximize recognition failure condition and other essential
purposes. However it is essential for organisation operating their services in aviation industry
and engages in the process of automation to provide sufficient and effective training and
significant flying skills to pilots in order to increase their efficiency to overcome unexpected
failures. Thus, as per according to the above discussion it has been concluded that with the
implementation of this act into practice, process of automation can be done in effective manner
while undertaking risk factor into consideration and further facilitate safety of human factors.
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CONCLUSION
On the basis of above discussion, it can be said automation in context of aviation industry acts as
a boon for the air operators in accordance with the view point of employees. This is so because
automation leads to decrease in human errors. Further, it is also acknowledged to be decreasing
the roles and responsibilities that are vested upon the shoulders of human resources employed
within the confines of aviation sector. In case of any air accident, there are certain exceptions
whereby the liability of air operators can be excluded or limited even if the accident occurs
owing to the failure of automation process within the air plane. Thus, the concluding premise on
the basis of arguments presented by authors and researchers and view point of employees as the
stakeholder of this industry is that automation within the concerned industry is in the best
interests of society as well as the people prevailing within the confines of United Kingdom.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Evjemo, T.E. and Johnsen, S.O., 2019. Lessons learned from increased automation in aviation:
The paradox related to the high degree of safety and implications for future research.
Boyd, D. and Stolzer, A., 2016. Mid Morning Concurrent Sessions: Human Factors: Human
Error and Cockpit Automation: Presentation: Accident-Precipitating Factors for Crashes
in Turbine-Powered General Aviation Aircraft.
Billings, C.E., 2018. Aviation automation: The search for a human-centered approach. CRC
Press.
Sridhar, B. and Kopardekar, P., 2016. Towards Autonomous Aviation Operations: What can we
learn from other areas of automation?. In 16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration,
and Operations Conference (p. 3148).
Schöttle, M., 2017. Iteration towards High Automation. ATZelektronik worldwide, 12(3), pp.16-
17.
Ian, M., Elena, V. and Michael, J., 2019, November. Artificial Intelligence in the Aviation
Manufacturing Process for Complex Assemblies and Components. In IOP Conference
Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 689, No. 1, p. 012022). IOP Publishing.
Online
AUTOMATION IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY AND LIABILITY RELATED ASPECTS. 2020.
[Online]. Available Through:<https://www.expertguides.com/articles/automation-in-the-
aviation-industry-and-liability-related-aspects/arraamlx>.
Liabilities and automation in aviation. 2020. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.sesarju.eu/sites/default/files/SID_2012-36.pdf>.
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