Automotive Exhaust Systems: A Comprehensive Overview

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WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
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WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
1. List any five OHS & WHS requirements that are to be followed while working with
hot components and exhaust systems producing toxic gases.
 Cooling of hot parts: The parts which are hot cannot be repaired and is needed to be
cooled properly by submerging it in cool water or use other cooling lubricates
(Aswinprasath et al. 2016).
 Use of respiratory masks: While checking the exhaust system one needs to keep the
engine on which exposes the person to the gases so one should use protective masks.
 Identification of level of harmfulness: If a car is old, it may emit gases, which have
high toxicity level so it is essential to first identify the level of harmfulness.
 Expert handling: The person dealing with the problem relating to hot components and
exhaust systems must have the required experience of doing it (Aswinprasath et al.
2016).
 Use of protective gloves: Gloves protect the worker from exposing the bare hands to
the harmful fluid and hot objects and so using it essential.
2. Explain the four main purpose of the vehicle’s exhaust system.
 Release of hot air out of the vehicle for keeping the vehicle cool and prevent
overheating.
 Remove of the gas produced from burning of fuel inside the vehicle (Attia, 2016).
 It also checks and cleans the gases emitted with the use of exhaust system.
 It reduces the vehicle noise.
3. Describe the basic arrangements of the exhaust system components in a vehicle.
(100-150 words)
An exhaust system is like a piping system used for guiding the gases produced during the
combustion process out of the vehicle for keeping it cool and also reduces the nose of the
vehicle It has parts like a cylinder and exhaust manifold which collects and guides the
harmful gases from the engine. The Turbocharger helps to increase the engine power output
by forcing the air compressed into the combustion chamber. It also has catalytic converter,
which checks the gases before emission for reduction pollution level (Hill et al. 2015).
Lastly, a muffler is used, which helps in reduction of the noise.
4. Describe what is Backpressure and how it can be measure? (70-100)
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WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
In simple terms, Backpressure can be termed as a force of resistance. It is used for forcing the
desired flow of the engine fluids through the different pipes present (Hill et al. 2015). This in
turn leads to loss of friction and drop of pressure level. It is measured by the use of pressure
gauge, which has a scale that reads from zero to 15psi. It can buy from the market or online at a
cost of $50.
5. Explain the “scavenging effect” (70-100 words)
It is a process of forcing the exhaust gases out from the cylinder and in place filling it out with
fresh drawn from the outside. It goes in a cycle when the automobile keeps on rolling. This
process is important as the flow of air is maintained and the unwanted air is forced out. This
reduces the heat generated and keeps the engine cool. If this process fails then the hot air mixes
with the clean air.
6. Describe the operation of the following exhaust system components in about 80-110
words each.
Flexible pipe connections
It is a type of pipe connector, which does the job of absorbing the movements, which is
experienced by the piping system due to the difference in temperature, Difference temperature of
different parts and the composition difference (Hill et al. 2015). It reduces the objectionable
noise and vibration produced in the piping system connected to the other parts like pumps,
compressors etc. If the flexible pipe connections do not work properly then it may lead to reduce
in efficiency and noise production.
Exhaust Mufflers
A muffler is a type of device, which is used in automobiles to reduce the noise creation and
prevent noise pollution. The exhaust also comes with a filter, which helps to extract the harmful
materials from the gas and release only the non-harmful emissions. So if the muffler get old
problem like sound generation and emission of harmful gases becomes a possibility (Hill et al.
2015). The companies producing it also have to follow certain norms and pollution standards
while producing the product.
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WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
7. Explain the purpose of extractor pipes (30-40)
The main purpose of extractor pipes is to eliminate the backpressure produced in the manifold
part of the engine. The cylinder present in the engine has its own pipes for removing the
backpressure. This pipes when combined together into a larger pipe is named as collector.
8. Describe the function of a catalytic converter in about 60-80 words.
The catalytic converter is like an exhaust emission control device that helps in reducing the
harmful gases and pollutant, which is emitted from the internal combustion system. It sucks the
toxic particulars from the gases and releases only the non-toxic gases. It is important in
environmental protection and reduction of the noise. It was first introduced in the US.
9. Explain the operation of a diesel particulate filter in about 50-70 words.
The amount of harmful gases emitted from a petrol vehicle is less than that of a petrol vehicle
and therefore they need a proper filter system (Heskett et al. 2019). Diesel particulate filter is
used in diesel vehicle where it is used to trap the particle from the gases emitted and convert it in
the CO2 during the regeneration phase.
10. List at least one diagnostic testing procedure for exhaust system symptoms like
leakages, vibration and noise.
The car is properly listened to for noises and smoke emission from any other part this helps in
checking the exhaust system symptoms like leakage, vibration, etc.
11. Explain the exhaust backpressure diagnostic testing procedure using a vacuum
gauge and pressure gauge. (80-100)
Checking the exhaust backpressure using vacuum gauge
It is a process for checking the backpressure, which is produced in the engine by the use of
vacuum gauge. It is much easier process compared to other measuring process. It is the process
of hooking up a vacuum gauge to a vacuum hose or to any other port. It is considered easier as
this process does not involve the removal of O2 sensor (Heskett et al. 2019). It has typical display
reading which is done in inches of Hg (Mercury).
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WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
Checking the exhaust backpressure using a pressure gauge
It is considered the most popular pressure measuring mechanism, which works on domestic as
well as imported vehicle. It is like universal adaptor for all types of vehicle, which has
thermactor system. It quickly measures the amount of restriction found in an exhaust system. It
measures the oxygen sensor hole very accurately. The system consists of a stainless steel braided
tube, which helps the apparatus to withstand the high heat conditions.
12. Explain the procedure to remove and replace a muffler assembly (100-130)
Removal –
 The vehicle needs to be parked on a hard level surface.
 The battery needs to be disconnected.
 Lift the vehicle up with a lever and use the stand beneath it.
 Penetrating fluids needs to sprayed in the muffler clamps
 Use of socket wrench to loosen the nuts of the muffler clamps
 Then slide open the exhaust and remove the muffler apart.
Replacement -
 The exhaust component are needed to be cut down
 Use of safety equipment before starting the work
 Use metal cutting tool to cut open the or remove the excess metal
 The metal present just beside the clamp needs to be cut
 Have to be extremely cautious about not damaging the other parts
 The rubber present in the muffler mounts needs to be pulled out
 Before attaching anything test fit the muffler (Shan, 2019).
 Put new rubber muffler mounts in the muffler hangers
 Use exhaust sealant on the new muffler pipe
 Clump the new exhaust and tighten the screws
 The battery is reconnected.
13. Outline the procedure for aligning an exhaust system after replacing exhaust
components in about 80-100 words.
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WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
The procedure is followed by removal of the clamp. The hose of the cylinder is cut open and
excess metal is reduced with the use of a cutter. The new muffler needs to test before attachment
for proper fittings. The rubber present in the mounts needs to be replaced with new ones. The
gaps are filled in with lubricants and to prevent leakage and then the new exhaust is mounted
with the screws (Shan, 2019). The battery, which was discounted before needs to be connected
back.
14. List any 5-post repair testing procedure for exhaust systems.
 Check for any leakage
 Check for any unconditional sound
 Check for engine overheating
 Check of vehicle for pollution standard
 Check of interior exhaust system for identification of back pressure
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WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
Reference
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Shan, C.J., Bian, Y.D., Dai, T.T., Yan, C., Du, G.F. and Yang, H.T., 2019. The Design of
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