Automotive Electrical Systems: Starting System Analysis
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WRITTEN QUESTIONS
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1. List any 5-safety precautions you should follow while working on vehicle starting
systems.
There are certain safety measures that should be followed while working on a vehicle starting
systems. 5 of them are listed as follows:
When the strap is removed, the electrical parts must be kept at an off state. This will
restrict the possibility of a spark while working.
A certain mask must be used for the protection of the eye. If any kind of spark occurs
then the eye can be protected by the covering (Pellegrino et al. 2014).
The hot engines must not be dealt with cold water at any situation.
All the loose wires must be taken care of or they may cause a problem at any point of
time.
A fire extinguisher must be present at all sorts.
2. Explain at least two safe operating procedures for below given testing equipments.
Multimeter
Multimeter is one of the most important measuring instruments is the modern age multimeter.
Two safe operating procedures can be listed as:
The multimeter must necessarily be connected in series during measurement of
current and in parallel connection while measuring voltage (Riba et al. 2016).
The polarity of the DC circuits must be given focus while dealing with DC.
Scan Tool
The safe operating for Scan tool can be as follows:
The troubleshooting errors must be duly checked for the efficient operation of the tool
at any situations.
The OBD 2 connector of the tool must be properly connected to the DLC of the
vehicle such that the scanning process is done in a proper way.
3. Identify few hazards and list 3 precautions you should follow while working on high
voltage ignition system.
systems.
There are certain safety measures that should be followed while working on a vehicle starting
systems. 5 of them are listed as follows:
When the strap is removed, the electrical parts must be kept at an off state. This will
restrict the possibility of a spark while working.
A certain mask must be used for the protection of the eye. If any kind of spark occurs
then the eye can be protected by the covering (Pellegrino et al. 2014).
The hot engines must not be dealt with cold water at any situation.
All the loose wires must be taken care of or they may cause a problem at any point of
time.
A fire extinguisher must be present at all sorts.
2. Explain at least two safe operating procedures for below given testing equipments.
Multimeter
Multimeter is one of the most important measuring instruments is the modern age multimeter.
Two safe operating procedures can be listed as:
The multimeter must necessarily be connected in series during measurement of
current and in parallel connection while measuring voltage (Riba et al. 2016).
The polarity of the DC circuits must be given focus while dealing with DC.
Scan Tool
The safe operating for Scan tool can be as follows:
The troubleshooting errors must be duly checked for the efficient operation of the tool
at any situations.
The OBD 2 connector of the tool must be properly connected to the DLC of the
vehicle such that the scanning process is done in a proper way.
3. Identify few hazards and list 3 precautions you should follow while working on high
voltage ignition system.

There is mainly the hazard of electrocution due to the presence of high voltages in the
ignition systems. The main risk is the injury caused to the human body due to the electricity.
However, the safety measures are as follows:
Safety glasses are necessary while working with high voltage systems for the
protection of the eye in case of any danger.
The use of bare hands must not be entertained while working. The high-tension wires
must be pulled with efficient measures (Zhang et al. 2016).
The system must be turned off while replacing any part or working with it. This may
reduce the chances of electrical damage to the body.
4. Identify 2 hazards and control measures associated with wearing jewellery while
working around high current wiring systems.
Wearing jewelleries while working in an electrical circuit is full of danger. Two important
hazards can be:
The chances of electrocution are increased, as the jewelleries are metal and conduct
electricity.
The rings or other jewellery item can fall off from the hand and may be stuck
somewhere increasing the threat of danger to the entire team of workers.
Two possible safety measures can be:
Married people may choose the option of wearing a silicon band or ring instead of
gold.
The best solution is not wearing any jewellery while working.
5. Explain the basic motor principles in 40-50 words.
The basic principle of all these motors is conversion of the electrical energy in an ignition or
any other system to significant mechanical energy. The motors are designed to deliver the
mechanical force in a system from an equivalent electrical source (Yang et al. 2016).
6. Explain the line starter motor and associated components operating principles in
about 60-70 words.
The line starters are the best and affordable way to start an induction motor. The line starter is
connected with the motor, which provides the necessary starting voltage for the motor to run.
ignition systems. The main risk is the injury caused to the human body due to the electricity.
However, the safety measures are as follows:
Safety glasses are necessary while working with high voltage systems for the
protection of the eye in case of any danger.
The use of bare hands must not be entertained while working. The high-tension wires
must be pulled with efficient measures (Zhang et al. 2016).
The system must be turned off while replacing any part or working with it. This may
reduce the chances of electrical damage to the body.
4. Identify 2 hazards and control measures associated with wearing jewellery while
working around high current wiring systems.
Wearing jewelleries while working in an electrical circuit is full of danger. Two important
hazards can be:
The chances of electrocution are increased, as the jewelleries are metal and conduct
electricity.
The rings or other jewellery item can fall off from the hand and may be stuck
somewhere increasing the threat of danger to the entire team of workers.
Two possible safety measures can be:
Married people may choose the option of wearing a silicon band or ring instead of
gold.
The best solution is not wearing any jewellery while working.
5. Explain the basic motor principles in 40-50 words.
The basic principle of all these motors is conversion of the electrical energy in an ignition or
any other system to significant mechanical energy. The motors are designed to deliver the
mechanical force in a system from an equivalent electrical source (Yang et al. 2016).
6. Explain the line starter motor and associated components operating principles in
about 60-70 words.
The line starters are the best and affordable way to start an induction motor. The line starter is
connected with the motor, which provides the necessary starting voltage for the motor to run.
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Associated components of Line starter:
The other components are the contactor, MCCB or circuit breaker and the relay for overload
protection. These components guarantee the safety of the starter.
7. Explain basic direct current motor operation in about 80-100 words
The conversion of DC electrical power to mechanical energy is done by the machine called
DC motor. The principle is based on the left hand rule devised by Fleming. The force
generated by the motor is given by the equation,
F=BIL
The main principle of the DC motor is based on the fact that, the conductor is faced with a
magnetic force when a conductor carrying current is placed in a magnetic field (Bianchi et al.
2014). Similarly, a conductor is placed in a field, which results in the generation of force
delivered by the motor.
8. Explain the purpose of starter motor in about 50 words.
The engine for combustion is ignited by the starter motor and the main function of the motor
is to maintain a balance while starting the engine. Through the pinions, the starter gear is
driven by the motor. The electric motor is turned on by the relay as soon as the starter motor
is turned on (Pudar et al. 2014).
9. Describe the function of the following (in about 50-80 words each).
Armature:
The armature is the main component or the conductor in a motor. The current is conducted by
the armature and the flux is generated as it cuts the magnetic field. The current in the
armature is opposed by the EMF and the mechanical power is generated from the
corresponding electrical power.
Commutator
The commutator is an important part of the motor. It converts and maintains a steady current
flow. Once the current seems to convert in to the alternate mode, the commutator comes into
play and helps in the steady flow of the current. Thus, the current can be efficiently used in
the generation of mechanical force.
The other components are the contactor, MCCB or circuit breaker and the relay for overload
protection. These components guarantee the safety of the starter.
7. Explain basic direct current motor operation in about 80-100 words
The conversion of DC electrical power to mechanical energy is done by the machine called
DC motor. The principle is based on the left hand rule devised by Fleming. The force
generated by the motor is given by the equation,
F=BIL
The main principle of the DC motor is based on the fact that, the conductor is faced with a
magnetic force when a conductor carrying current is placed in a magnetic field (Bianchi et al.
2014). Similarly, a conductor is placed in a field, which results in the generation of force
delivered by the motor.
8. Explain the purpose of starter motor in about 50 words.
The engine for combustion is ignited by the starter motor and the main function of the motor
is to maintain a balance while starting the engine. Through the pinions, the starter gear is
driven by the motor. The electric motor is turned on by the relay as soon as the starter motor
is turned on (Pudar et al. 2014).
9. Describe the function of the following (in about 50-80 words each).
Armature:
The armature is the main component or the conductor in a motor. The current is conducted by
the armature and the flux is generated as it cuts the magnetic field. The current in the
armature is opposed by the EMF and the mechanical power is generated from the
corresponding electrical power.
Commutator
The commutator is an important part of the motor. It converts and maintains a steady current
flow. Once the current seems to convert in to the alternate mode, the commutator comes into
play and helps in the steady flow of the current. Thus, the current can be efficiently used in
the generation of mechanical force.
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Magnetic field
Just like the armature the field winding, the magnetic field is another very important part of
the motor. The magnetic field is the reason for the generation of the current and the power in
the motor. The field is cut by the armature resulting in the production of flux and hence,
current.
Field winding
The operation of the motor is generally decided by the magnetic field generated in the circuit.
This field is developed by the field windings in the motor. The field winding helps in
developing the magnetic field necessary for the generation of the current. The current is then
converted to the useful mechanical equivalent.
Carbon brushes
Carbon brushes present on the commutator also form an important part of the circuit. The
carbon brushes help in the reduction of friction and wear and tear. They are also used for the
delivery of the current from the stationary to the dynamic part of the motor circuit. Thus, they
work as an intermediate for the current delivery process.
10. Describe a starter motor winding and its types (in about 60 words).
The starter motor is the machine that is used for starting and providing the minimum boost
required for starting the engine. There are two different windings used such as the series
winding and the shunt winding in the starter motor. The motor delivers the required power
based on the kind of winding associated with the motor (Cho et al. 2014).
11. Explain the starter motor windings given below: (in about 30 words each)
Series-wound motor
The motor has series connection of the field and the armature circuits and delivers a starting
torque, which is high. This is because the magnetic field is below saturation.
Shunt-wound motor
The motor has a parallel connection of the field and the armature circuits. This results in a
low starting torque as the magnetic field is above saturation.
Just like the armature the field winding, the magnetic field is another very important part of
the motor. The magnetic field is the reason for the generation of the current and the power in
the motor. The field is cut by the armature resulting in the production of flux and hence,
current.
Field winding
The operation of the motor is generally decided by the magnetic field generated in the circuit.
This field is developed by the field windings in the motor. The field winding helps in
developing the magnetic field necessary for the generation of the current. The current is then
converted to the useful mechanical equivalent.
Carbon brushes
Carbon brushes present on the commutator also form an important part of the circuit. The
carbon brushes help in the reduction of friction and wear and tear. They are also used for the
delivery of the current from the stationary to the dynamic part of the motor circuit. Thus, they
work as an intermediate for the current delivery process.
10. Describe a starter motor winding and its types (in about 60 words).
The starter motor is the machine that is used for starting and providing the minimum boost
required for starting the engine. There are two different windings used such as the series
winding and the shunt winding in the starter motor. The motor delivers the required power
based on the kind of winding associated with the motor (Cho et al. 2014).
11. Explain the starter motor windings given below: (in about 30 words each)
Series-wound motor
The motor has series connection of the field and the armature circuits and delivers a starting
torque, which is high. This is because the magnetic field is below saturation.
Shunt-wound motor
The motor has a parallel connection of the field and the armature circuits. This results in a
low starting torque as the magnetic field is above saturation.

Compound-wound motor
The combination of both the series and the shunt motor is called the compound wound motor
and is a mixture of both. In this, the armature has series connection with the field while being
parallel to another shunt field.
12. What is direct driver starter? Explain the operation of the direct driver starter
operation.
The direct driver starter uses a very large motor with significantly low speed needed to rotate
the pinion in a ratio of 1:1.
Before discussing the operation, it can be said that the direct driver is much cheaper than the
other methods available in the market and was earliest. It used a technique in which direct
connection is established between the drive mechanics and the armature of the shaft (Islam et
al. 2014). In this way, the drive process was established based on the huge motor for the
starting mechanism.
13. What are the reduction type starters? List the type of reduction type starters and
explain the arrangement of starter motors.
The main components of the reduction type starters are the starter clutch, pinions, gears for
reduction, a compact motor with high-speed efficiency and a magnetic switch and the focus is
on the reduction of speed of the motors (Yu et al.2014).
The different types of reduction motors are:
Stator resistance starter
Star-delta starter
Autotransformer starter
Rotor resistance starter
Variable stator frequency starting
14. What are the advantages of permanent magnet starters? List 2
The advantages of permanent magnet starters can be listed as:
The cost efficiency is more due to the lesser amount of rating.
The combination of both the series and the shunt motor is called the compound wound motor
and is a mixture of both. In this, the armature has series connection with the field while being
parallel to another shunt field.
12. What is direct driver starter? Explain the operation of the direct driver starter
operation.
The direct driver starter uses a very large motor with significantly low speed needed to rotate
the pinion in a ratio of 1:1.
Before discussing the operation, it can be said that the direct driver is much cheaper than the
other methods available in the market and was earliest. It used a technique in which direct
connection is established between the drive mechanics and the armature of the shaft (Islam et
al. 2014). In this way, the drive process was established based on the huge motor for the
starting mechanism.
13. What are the reduction type starters? List the type of reduction type starters and
explain the arrangement of starter motors.
The main components of the reduction type starters are the starter clutch, pinions, gears for
reduction, a compact motor with high-speed efficiency and a magnetic switch and the focus is
on the reduction of speed of the motors (Yu et al.2014).
The different types of reduction motors are:
Stator resistance starter
Star-delta starter
Autotransformer starter
Rotor resistance starter
Variable stator frequency starting
14. What are the advantages of permanent magnet starters? List 2
The advantages of permanent magnet starters can be listed as:
The cost efficiency is more due to the lesser amount of rating.
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The efficiency is more due to the absence of field windings (Greb and Lehn, 2014).
15. Describe the starting electrical system components given below (in about 35-60
words each).
Starter solenoids
An electromagnet, which is energised to begin the process of starter motor in an internal
combustion engine, is called the starter solenoid. These solenoids are in direct connection to
the controlling starter motor. Thus, the starter solenoid is one of the main components of the
starter motor for any engine in general.
Shift lever
The shifting of the gears in a vehicle is carried out by the shift levers. The levers are designed
in such a flexible way to deliver the best performance while someone is using the vehicle to
decelerate or accelerate in a certain mode of the gear.
Over-running clutch
The overrunning clutch is the machinery use to separate the shaft for driving from the driven
shaft. The condition for separation is when the shaft, which is driven, rotates faster than the
driveshaft. The clutch is the main separator for the two mechanisms.
Flywheel ring gear
The manual set ups see the use of the flywheel gear in practice. The attachment is made to the
crankshaft of the engine and it latches the ring gear that is used to boost the engine. The
wheel performs the storage of energy and the friction is provided by it for the efficient
rotation.
16. Give at least one function, applicability and location of switches mentioned below.
Switches Functions Locations Applicable
Ignition switch or key
start switch
Used for the starting of
the current circuit
Behind the place where
the key is inserted
For controlling the
vehicle’s electrical
components, fuels,
ignition, computer
Push button switch Allows controlling of a
certain action in a
On the steering wheel Compact mechanism
used as alternative of
15. Describe the starting electrical system components given below (in about 35-60
words each).
Starter solenoids
An electromagnet, which is energised to begin the process of starter motor in an internal
combustion engine, is called the starter solenoid. These solenoids are in direct connection to
the controlling starter motor. Thus, the starter solenoid is one of the main components of the
starter motor for any engine in general.
Shift lever
The shifting of the gears in a vehicle is carried out by the shift levers. The levers are designed
in such a flexible way to deliver the best performance while someone is using the vehicle to
decelerate or accelerate in a certain mode of the gear.
Over-running clutch
The overrunning clutch is the machinery use to separate the shaft for driving from the driven
shaft. The condition for separation is when the shaft, which is driven, rotates faster than the
driveshaft. The clutch is the main separator for the two mechanisms.
Flywheel ring gear
The manual set ups see the use of the flywheel gear in practice. The attachment is made to the
crankshaft of the engine and it latches the ring gear that is used to boost the engine. The
wheel performs the storage of energy and the friction is provided by it for the efficient
rotation.
16. Give at least one function, applicability and location of switches mentioned below.
Switches Functions Locations Applicable
Ignition switch or key
start switch
Used for the starting of
the current circuit
Behind the place where
the key is inserted
For controlling the
vehicle’s electrical
components, fuels,
ignition, computer
Push button switch Allows controlling of a
certain action in a
On the steering wheel Compact mechanism
used as alternative of
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machine the previous.
Remote start and stop
switch
Controlled by a remote
sensor and not
manually
Manual Helps save time, space,
and fewer complexes.
Safety switches Helps in the protection
of someone driving a
vehicle
In the steering panel In situations, that has
the scope of life risks
or any other.
Inhibitor or isolator
switches
Helps in the isolation
of a specific switch
In front of the driver In situations when
other switches are not
working
Clutch neutral
switches
Isolator switch and
helps in the auto start
of the engine
In front of driver
The switch prevents
the entry of unwanted
chaos in the circuit.
17. Name the Starter system components (Vehicle equipped with an automotive
transmission) shown in the diagram below:
A. Battery
B. Fuse
C. Ignition Switch
D. Starter Relay
E. Neutral Safety Switch
F. Starter Motor
18. Explain the function of scan tool in about 50 words.
The diagnostics of the internal circuitry of a car is done by the scan tool of the car. The
plugging can be done in OBD1 OBD 2 or any other sockets for the scanning purposes. This
help in effective scanning of the errors and in the diagnosis of the random things happening
in a car.
19. Describe the below mentioned terms from the scan tool (43 to 50 words each).
Remote start and stop
switch
Controlled by a remote
sensor and not
manually
Manual Helps save time, space,
and fewer complexes.
Safety switches Helps in the protection
of someone driving a
vehicle
In the steering panel In situations, that has
the scope of life risks
or any other.
Inhibitor or isolator
switches
Helps in the isolation
of a specific switch
In front of the driver In situations when
other switches are not
working
Clutch neutral
switches
Isolator switch and
helps in the auto start
of the engine
In front of driver
The switch prevents
the entry of unwanted
chaos in the circuit.
17. Name the Starter system components (Vehicle equipped with an automotive
transmission) shown in the diagram below:
A. Battery
B. Fuse
C. Ignition Switch
D. Starter Relay
E. Neutral Safety Switch
F. Starter Motor
18. Explain the function of scan tool in about 50 words.
The diagnostics of the internal circuitry of a car is done by the scan tool of the car. The
plugging can be done in OBD1 OBD 2 or any other sockets for the scanning purposes. This
help in effective scanning of the errors and in the diagnosis of the random things happening
in a car.
19. Describe the below mentioned terms from the scan tool (43 to 50 words each).

DTC
The Diagnostic Trouble Codes are called DTC in short and help in the effective scanning of
the errors. The plugging initiates the DTC in a vehicle.
Live data
The live data area the values generated from the scan tool in order to locate the degree of the
error in the vehicle or scanning. The live data helps to find the exact coordinate of the
problem.
Freeze frame data
The data that stores the moment of a certain engine fault in the vehicle is called the freeze
frame data. The data helps in finding the level and location of the error caused in a certain
vehicle.
20. Explain the diagnostic procedure for starting security system using a scan tool (in
about 100 words).
The diagnostic procedure starts when a certain error is encountered by the person driving the
vehicle. The procedure involves various things from anti theft to the engine propulsion. The
scan tool is an important instrument in this kind of ventures. The scanning and coordinating is
one by this instrument while the plugging helps in establishing effective connection between
the car and the tool. The diagnostic procedure helps in efficient recovery of the cars and the
faults that it generates while in a service (Wang et al. 2014).
21. Give any one possible cause and action for the below mentioned symptoms in a
starting system based on a symptom based chart.
Symptom Possible Cause Action
Engine does not crank
Starter does not rotate
Battery is faulty Batteries must be serviced
properly
Engine does not starts but
starter rotates
Means the engine motor is
damaged
Engine motor must be repaired
Engine cranks slowly Drainage of battery current or
loose circuit connection
Internal circuits should be
changed
Engine cranks too fast Oversupply of the required
current or starter performance
Battery and the starter should
be made sure to perform at
The Diagnostic Trouble Codes are called DTC in short and help in the effective scanning of
the errors. The plugging initiates the DTC in a vehicle.
Live data
The live data area the values generated from the scan tool in order to locate the degree of the
error in the vehicle or scanning. The live data helps to find the exact coordinate of the
problem.
Freeze frame data
The data that stores the moment of a certain engine fault in the vehicle is called the freeze
frame data. The data helps in finding the level and location of the error caused in a certain
vehicle.
20. Explain the diagnostic procedure for starting security system using a scan tool (in
about 100 words).
The diagnostic procedure starts when a certain error is encountered by the person driving the
vehicle. The procedure involves various things from anti theft to the engine propulsion. The
scan tool is an important instrument in this kind of ventures. The scanning and coordinating is
one by this instrument while the plugging helps in establishing effective connection between
the car and the tool. The diagnostic procedure helps in efficient recovery of the cars and the
faults that it generates while in a service (Wang et al. 2014).
21. Give any one possible cause and action for the below mentioned symptoms in a
starting system based on a symptom based chart.
Symptom Possible Cause Action
Engine does not crank
Starter does not rotate
Battery is faulty Batteries must be serviced
properly
Engine does not starts but
starter rotates
Means the engine motor is
damaged
Engine motor must be repaired
Engine cranks slowly Drainage of battery current or
loose circuit connection
Internal circuits should be
changed
Engine cranks too fast Oversupply of the required
current or starter performance
Battery and the starter should
be made sure to perform at
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increase optimum speed and not more
than that for car’s safety.
22. Explain how could you access the electrical terminals and safe testing procedure of
the electrical terminals and fuse holder. (In about 120 words)
Electrical Terminal
The electrical terminals can be accessed by having simple knowledge about the car’s internal
circuitry and the battery positions and the starter connection. Anyone with certain knowledge
about this can access the electrical terminals at will. There are certain safety procedures that
must be maintained while working with car’s circuit. The battery must be dealt with utmost
care and bare hands should not be used. The person should wear appropriate shoes meant to
break the circuit if there is any chance of electrocution (Sirajuddin et al. 2014).
Fuse Holder
For the Fuse holder, the fuse wires must be dealt with care along with the loose jacks such
that there is minimum chance of electrical damage to the human dealing with it.
23. Explain the armature and the field winding testing procedure to find out the
resistance values.
Armature testing
There is a series of tests involved to find out the resistance values of motor armatures. The
main aim is to find out whether the armature stack is pressed directly to the shaft of the
armature. The armature shaft can be use for the efficient measurement.
Field winding test
The value may change depending on the type of motor that is under test. The field winding
test is one to find out the resistance offered to the magnetic field generated to run the motor
efficiently. It is done by checking the resistance of the individual field windings.
24. At what points can voltage drop tests be done in a starting circuit?
The voltage drop test is one of the most important of all the tests carried out in the circuit.
The drop in voltage means the flow of lesser amount of current in that part of the circuit.
Thus, every niche and corner of the circuit must be checked for the fault in completion of the
than that for car’s safety.
22. Explain how could you access the electrical terminals and safe testing procedure of
the electrical terminals and fuse holder. (In about 120 words)
Electrical Terminal
The electrical terminals can be accessed by having simple knowledge about the car’s internal
circuitry and the battery positions and the starter connection. Anyone with certain knowledge
about this can access the electrical terminals at will. There are certain safety procedures that
must be maintained while working with car’s circuit. The battery must be dealt with utmost
care and bare hands should not be used. The person should wear appropriate shoes meant to
break the circuit if there is any chance of electrocution (Sirajuddin et al. 2014).
Fuse Holder
For the Fuse holder, the fuse wires must be dealt with care along with the loose jacks such
that there is minimum chance of electrical damage to the human dealing with it.
23. Explain the armature and the field winding testing procedure to find out the
resistance values.
Armature testing
There is a series of tests involved to find out the resistance values of motor armatures. The
main aim is to find out whether the armature stack is pressed directly to the shaft of the
armature. The armature shaft can be use for the efficient measurement.
Field winding test
The value may change depending on the type of motor that is under test. The field winding
test is one to find out the resistance offered to the magnetic field generated to run the motor
efficiently. It is done by checking the resistance of the individual field windings.
24. At what points can voltage drop tests be done in a starting circuit?
The voltage drop test is one of the most important of all the tests carried out in the circuit.
The drop in voltage means the flow of lesser amount of current in that part of the circuit.
Thus, every niche and corner of the circuit must be checked for the fault in completion of the
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circuit and any available voltage drops in the process. This leaves no sign of error in the
machinery.
25. What would be the current draw effects in a starter system circuits? How do you
perform current draw test? (110-130 words)
The starter system with a good current draw possibility draws about 60-150 amps. If the
current draw rating is high then it can be assumed that the system is faulty and it affects the
ignition of the system. Cranking, in a slower rate is an indicator of this and should be fixed
for more efficiency. According to Attard and Mahle (2014), the current draw test can be done
by attaching the battery leads to the test leads and complete the circuit by a clamp-on amp
pickup. The fuel or ignition must be maintained at zero level. The ammeter reading should be
set to zero. The circuit when switched on should remain at zero for the ammeter. If that does
not happen, then the circuit may be experiencing a leakage for the same. Then the fault must
be checked for efficient output.
26. Describe the following testing procedure of the starting system (in about 40- 60
words each).
Field winding test
This is done for checking the magnetic field needed to generate the current in the motor
circuit. The field brushes are checked for the flow of current and if any fault is found then the
windings are replaced to produce the required amount of magnetic field in the circuit.
Armature test using growler
According to Alger et al. (2013), the growler is used for the testing of motor insulation in
coils in a shorted path. The iron core is the main part of the growler and helps in the detection
of faults in the armature. The iron core is wound around by coils and an AC source is applied
to it.
Commutator test
The commutator test is carried out to ensure the safety of the commutator coils meant for the
stability of current. The commutators are the main part for the current stability in the motor
and the fault isolation is necessary for the effective functioning of the machinery. Thus, the
commutator test is done for the motor parts.
machinery.
25. What would be the current draw effects in a starter system circuits? How do you
perform current draw test? (110-130 words)
The starter system with a good current draw possibility draws about 60-150 amps. If the
current draw rating is high then it can be assumed that the system is faulty and it affects the
ignition of the system. Cranking, in a slower rate is an indicator of this and should be fixed
for more efficiency. According to Attard and Mahle (2014), the current draw test can be done
by attaching the battery leads to the test leads and complete the circuit by a clamp-on amp
pickup. The fuel or ignition must be maintained at zero level. The ammeter reading should be
set to zero. The circuit when switched on should remain at zero for the ammeter. If that does
not happen, then the circuit may be experiencing a leakage for the same. Then the fault must
be checked for efficient output.
26. Describe the following testing procedure of the starting system (in about 40- 60
words each).
Field winding test
This is done for checking the magnetic field needed to generate the current in the motor
circuit. The field brushes are checked for the flow of current and if any fault is found then the
windings are replaced to produce the required amount of magnetic field in the circuit.
Armature test using growler
According to Alger et al. (2013), the growler is used for the testing of motor insulation in
coils in a shorted path. The iron core is the main part of the growler and helps in the detection
of faults in the armature. The iron core is wound around by coils and an AC source is applied
to it.
Commutator test
The commutator test is carried out to ensure the safety of the commutator coils meant for the
stability of current. The commutators are the main part for the current stability in the motor
and the fault isolation is necessary for the effective functioning of the machinery. Thus, the
commutator test is done for the motor parts.

Brushes and holder test
The brushes are meant to reduce the wear and tear as well as act as intermediary in the
current delivery process of the motors. The brushes must be tested and replaced from time to
time owing to the self-friction and faults in it. The holders are meant to hold the structure and
without them, the structure is subjected to be damaged. Thus, the test must be conducted.
Drive pinion test
The pinions are used in several applications in the vehicle distribution system. Round gears
are generally known as pinions. There is usually two-meshed gear. The smaller of these two
are called the pinions and are applicable in several places such as drive train. Thus, the test is
necessary in order to achieve smooth acceleration while driving.
Flywheel Ring Gear Test
The flywheel ring gear must be checked systematically and in several ways. The first step
includes the checking of wear and tear of the gear followed by the checking for any damage
or cracks. If there is damage, then the ring should be changed immediately as flywheel forms
an important part of the system.
Starter motor bench testing
The bench testing of the starter motor is done to check the validity and the quality of the
starter motor. The binding of the stud for the crank wire and jumper wires are done and the
system is grounded. From here, current is passed resulting in the simultaneous ignition of the
system. In this way, the testing can be successfully done to check the motor (Mohan et al.
2013).
27. Explain the replacement procedure of starter motor assembly
Replacing a starter motor needs a few common methods. Some of the starter motor may place
to the upper or lower section and one side of the engine. In other models, it may seem
between the engine and firewall. It creates for a little more difficult but not impossible to
repair the parts. Here, replacement procedure of starter motor given below-
Firstly, park the car on a level surface and disconnect the black battery using a
wrench.
The brushes are meant to reduce the wear and tear as well as act as intermediary in the
current delivery process of the motors. The brushes must be tested and replaced from time to
time owing to the self-friction and faults in it. The holders are meant to hold the structure and
without them, the structure is subjected to be damaged. Thus, the test must be conducted.
Drive pinion test
The pinions are used in several applications in the vehicle distribution system. Round gears
are generally known as pinions. There is usually two-meshed gear. The smaller of these two
are called the pinions and are applicable in several places such as drive train. Thus, the test is
necessary in order to achieve smooth acceleration while driving.
Flywheel Ring Gear Test
The flywheel ring gear must be checked systematically and in several ways. The first step
includes the checking of wear and tear of the gear followed by the checking for any damage
or cracks. If there is damage, then the ring should be changed immediately as flywheel forms
an important part of the system.
Starter motor bench testing
The bench testing of the starter motor is done to check the validity and the quality of the
starter motor. The binding of the stud for the crank wire and jumper wires are done and the
system is grounded. From here, current is passed resulting in the simultaneous ignition of the
system. In this way, the testing can be successfully done to check the motor (Mohan et al.
2013).
27. Explain the replacement procedure of starter motor assembly
Replacing a starter motor needs a few common methods. Some of the starter motor may place
to the upper or lower section and one side of the engine. In other models, it may seem
between the engine and firewall. It creates for a little more difficult but not impossible to
repair the parts. Here, replacement procedure of starter motor given below-
Firstly, park the car on a level surface and disconnect the black battery using a
wrench.
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