Technical Project Proposal: Autonomous Vehicles and Industry Analysis

This research proposal and technology report provides a comprehensive analysis of autonomous vehicles (AVs), examining their technological advancements, industrial impact, and potential for future growth. The report begins with an executive summary and then delves into the technology, including descriptions of how AVs utilize algorithms and AI for navigation. It explores the characteristics of AVs, including sensors, GPS, and artificial intelligence, and analyzes their impact on the automotive industry. The report also covers industrial analysis, technology projections, organizational impacts, and recommendations for the successful implementation of AVs. It highlights the potential for AVs to improve fuel economy, reduce accidents, and lower public costs, while also addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with this transformative technology. The paper also includes a detailed discussion of the sensors, automated controls, and artificial intelligence used in autonomous vehicles and their impact on various industries. Finally, the report references several sources to support its findings and conclusions.

Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Technical Project Proposal – Management of Technological Innovation
Name of the Student
Name of the Course
Name of the University
Date
Author’s Note

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary...............................................................................................................2
2. Description of the technology and it's general potential........................................................3
3. Characteristics of the Technology..........................................................................................3
4. Industrial Analysis.................................................................................................................4
5. Technology Projection...........................................................................................................5
6. Discussion of Organization....................................................................................................6
7. Potential Organizational Impact.............................................................................................7
8. Organizational Projection.......................................................................................................8
9. Recommendations..................................................................................................................8
References................................................................................................................................10
Appendices...............................................................................................................................12

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1. Executive Summary
The paper mainly reflects on autonomous a vehicle that is mainly considered as driverless
vehicles that generally help in guiding itself without human conduction. The main aim of the
paper is to focus on the future of transportation and to analyse its impact of autonomous
vehicles on the auto industry. It is found that the autonomous vehicles utilize algorithms as
well as AI for determining the map as well as for identifying the routes by navigating the real
traffic without getting the intervention of the human driver. The industrial impact of
autonomous vehicles has been discussed in the paper. The technological advances in
autonomous vehicles have been reflected in the paper. The industrial usages of the
autonomous vehicles have been critically explained in the report. This paper describes why
autonomous vehicles will be accepted as a new technology in the automobile industry in the
future. There have been various factors discussed in the report regarding the acceptance rate
of the AV in the market. The technology used in Autonomous vehicles has been discussed in
the paper.

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2. Description of the technology and its general potential
According to Bonnefon, Shariff and Rahwan (2016), driverless cars are generally
predicted to create a significant impact on the global economies by creating new job options.
It is found that the experts who belong from the different motor industry generally help in
analysing how an increase within the autonomous vehicles creates an impact on the different
aspects of the industry. On the other hand, Vaudrin, Erdmann and Capus (2017) that
technological advancement within the global positioning, computing power, sensor system as
well as digital mapping has made autonomous vehicles a reality state it. It is found that the
self-driving car project has generally accelerated the development of the practical self-driving
cars which are considered to be safe as well as efficient. It is opined by Shah et al. (2018) that
the automobile industry is slowly reacting towards the technological change and therefore the
focus on the autonomous vehicles will be helpful in providing safe as well as a useful product
to the customers for reducing road accidents.
There have been installations of GPS systems along with Google maps that help in
reading and analysing the route of the journey to be covered with autonomous vehicles.
These vehicles have been including sensors that hotels in gathering data from the
surroundings and store it into the cloud server database. The use of different technologies in
autonomous vehicles has been helping in maintaining a keen approach in the market. These
technologies have helped in decreasing road accidents as there are sensors attached to the
autonomous vehicles (Correa et al., 2017).

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3. Characteristics of the Technology
According to Litman (2015), the size of the transportation industry generally helps in
providing an opportunity to a number of companies as well as individuals who are mainly
interested in freight brokerage business he advancing technology has generally made its
entire way by properly tracking way of autonomous driving with more than $1 billion capital
that is generally infused within the auto industry (Janai et al., 2017). Moreover, it is found
that the various companies like Tesla, Uber are generally focussing on their energy by
making a positive way towards self-driving vehicles and it is found that the shift is generally
creating a potential change within the entire industry for good.
It is found that different types of advanced sensors are generally utilized within the
autonomous vehicles for gathering different types of information around the world which
further helps in increasing the different types of sophisticated algorithms for processing the
sensor data as well as for controlling the vehicles effectively (Correa et al., 2017). Moreover,
robotic systems, including the autonomous vehicles generally sense-plan as well as act the
design. For sensing the environment effectively, it is found that the autonomous vehicles
generally utilize different combinations of the sensors, including the lidars, cameras as well
as infrared. It is identified for effective localization; the vehicles generally use different types
of global positioning systems as well as inertial navigation-based system.
On the other hand, it is stated by Wang, Liu and Kato (2018) that for providing a
permit to the operation of the autonomous vehicles without proper alert back, it is found that
proper technology needs to be degraded gracefully in such a way that catastrophe can be
avoided. The V2V infrastructure is generally used for enabling AV (Autonomous vehicles)
based operation that generally remains unclear. While on the other hand, the technology
could generally ease them about automated driving in different types of circumstances. In

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addition to this, driverless vehicles are the ones that generally helps in operating different
types of functions as the vehicles generally move from one place to another (Bonnefon,
Shariff & Rahwan, 2016). Some of the same technologies can generally be used within the
driverless vehicles will generally helpful in providing proper automated features in a proper
conventional way. Familiar automated technologies are generally helpful in providing
assistance to the drivers who generally control the operations of the vehicles.
It is found that five different types of technologies, including human vehicle
interface, sensors, automated controls, artificial intelligence are mainly utilized for operating
the automated vehicles (Mannucci et al., 2017). The sensors that help in providing internal
vehicle operation-based data including the steering, tires, throttle are generally embedded
within the modern vehicles. In addition to this, it is found that thousands of different types of
sensor microprocessors are mainly utilized for communicating over the CAN bus for vehicles
for effective coordination. Moreover, the use of global positioning systems helps in providing
proper real-time location-based information; however, the resolution of ordinary GPS signal
plays an accurate level of 3.5 meters (Correa et al., 2017).
It is stated by Solovey, Salazar and Pavone (2019) that driverless vehicles generally
rely on the artificial intelligence for integrating as well as analyzing the vehicles operational
data and roadway sensors are mainly used for successfully determining which type of
automated controls are generally used. Driverless vehicles mainly utilize artificial
intelligence integration with the operational as well as external roadway environment.
Additionally, different types of connected vehicle-based technologies are helpful in providing
inputs for the driverless vehicle-based operation quite effectively. Moreover, the wireless
communication systems are generally utilized for providing proper connectivity to the
vehicles over the receivers that are generally located at different places. It is analyzed that all

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the technologies generally help in providing proper connectivity of the vehicles (Litman,
2015).
It is opined by Correa et al. (2017) that autonomous technology generally assists in
offering different types of possibilities that are mainly changing the transportation. It is
identified that equipping the cars as well as light vehicles with the help of this particular
technology is generally helpful in reducing crashing, energy consumption as well as pollution
including the cost of congestion. This specific technology is considered to be effectively
conceptualized with the help of five-part continuum that is generally suggested by the
NHTSA with various types of benefits that are associated with technology which is generally
realized at various levels of automation.
According to Litman (2015), proper policymaking are found to be important for
successfully maximizing the social benefits as well as the technology that it will enable for
maximizing the various types of disadvantages. It is found that the policymakers are mainly
the people who generally concentrate on the changes as well as opportunities that is generally
posed by the technology. Thus, it is also necessary to assists the various policymakers who
are at the federal or the state level for making proper decisions within the evolving area.
It is stated by Vaudrin, Erdmann and Capus (2017) that autonomous technology
generally has the potential to substantially create impact on the safety, congestion as well as
on the utilization of the energy. It is found that proper conventional driving generally helps in
imposing various types of costs that are generally borne by the drivers but also for the
substantial external costs on other people. Moreover, it is found that the AV technology
generally has the potential to properly minimize the costs borne by the help of the drivers as
it generally creates negative externalities.

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4. Industrial Analysis
In addition to this, Ibanez-Guzman et al. (2016) that in the coming future, automotive
vehicles generally help in providing a better transportation service opine it. The future of the
driverless cars generally includes various types of sharing schemes as they generally include
car-sharing services like Zipcar that generally affordably transform the cars. On the other
hand, Vaudrin, Erdmann and Capus (2017) stated that global CO2 emissions have generally
grown 45% from the year 1990 to the year 2007. The utilization of autonomous electric
vehicles generally helps in reducing the emission of the greenhouse gas by 87% per mile by
the year 2030, which will be considered as one of the major achievements within the
autonomous industry.
It is stated by Bonnefon, Shariff and Rahwan (2016) that the autonomous vehicles
generally help in improving the fuel economy by properly accelerating as well as decelerating
more smother than the driver of the human. The improvements generally help in reducing the
distance between the vehicles as well as for increasing the capacity of the roadway (Litman,
2015). Moreover, is found that AV vehicles help in cutting the time by 40% by recovering 80
billion hours lost in context to congestion, which further helps in reducing the consumption
of fuel, by 40%. This cost/time saving that is associated with the benefits are generally
expected to be much worthy about the US $1.3 trillion within the entire country yearly. In
addition to this, another type of potential savings includes a reduction within the manpower.
It is stated by Kharuzin, Ivanov and Shmakov (2017) that changes or modifications in
the vehicle within the coming future will further create an impact on the insurance
companies. As per the reports that are generally published within the US-based consulting, it

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is identified that accidents are generally going to decrease at an alarming rate within the
middle of the century. It is analyzed that the autonomous industries are generally bringing
down the premium as very few numbers of claims will generally be raised. The requirement
for the liability insurance will generally enhance as the driverless cars do not have an
appropriate option for driving the cars manually (Correa et al., 2017). In addition to this, it is
identified that the insurance generally faces a lot of dip within the entire business due to the
minimization for the requirement of theft protection. The features of the anti-theft like the
switching killing generally do not allow anyone other than the car owner for turning ignition
for the GPS tracking system that further allows the car for tracking it quite successfully.
Therefore, it is found the cost of the premium that is associated with the automobile industry
will generally cut down. (Correa et al., 2017).
It is opined by Wang, Liu and Kato (2018) that the autonomous vehicles generally
help in lowering the public costs. It is generally revealed by some of the disambiguations that
there are a number of federal entities that generally reflect that 4% of the total revenue. It is
identified that the autonomous vehicles help in assuming that the driving cars generally will
eliminate the various types of expenditures in order to save the taxpayers that estimate the
cost to be around $10billion each year. Additionally, the safety that is mainly associated with
the financial saving reflects that the driverless technologies will generally helpful in
eliminating the inefficiencies in the entire transportation system Due to limited funding as
well as different types of poor policies which generally creates an impact on the infrastructure
of American transportation (Mannucci et al., 2017).
Moreover, it is opined by Solovey, Salazar and Pavone (2019) that due to
autonomous vehicles, the government need to adapt to the changing times and presently the
government is making profits from human-based driving errors. It is analyzed that there are a
number of driverless innovations that will further help in eliminating most of the revenue.

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Presently, the source of income because of human errors in driving will generally get reduced
due to the introduction of autonomous vehicles (Soyland, 2017). In addition to this, various
types of new innovations within the transportation industry will generally reduce the deferral
as well as state revenues. It is necessary to consider the various types of financial losses
which electric vehicles that will generally be incurred on different types of public sector
entities will generally incur that will mainly remain at $0.184 gallon.
In addition to this, it is analyzed that the problem that is mainly associated with the
traffic congestion can generally get reduced due to a fewer number of accidents which further
helps in allowing that there will be a much smoother flow of traffic (Rodríguez-Ramos et al.,
2016). Both the intersections as well as mergers generally do not help in producing any type
of according effects as AV will not generally help in allowing packing more vehicles within
the smaller amount of space (Rahman, 2017). On the other hand, according to Litman
(2015), it is found that different types of possibilities are raised which could include
autonomous vehicles that have an unintended effect. However, it is found that it further raises
possibilities that AV that generally can create an effect by putting more on the road for
enhancing congestion.
It is opined by Pavaloiu and Kose (2017) that fewer number of accidents due to
autonomous vehicles. It is found that as a result of the mechanics generally utilizes traditional
types of expertise that are considered to be very much less valuable for the various vehicles
that are generally software dependent. It is found that this type of information could generally
give the drivers which would bring proper transparency within the repairs that further
allowing calibrating preventive for avoiding various types of expensive repairs. It is generally
helping in real time diagnostic for the owners who generally get connected with cars that
further helps in allowing them for properly understanding that is wrong before it is brought
for effective inspection.

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It is opined by Abdelrhman et al. (2017) that driverless automobile generally helps in
reducing demand for the truckers as well as various types of taxi drivers. It is found
telematics technology generally utilizes telecommunication for facilitating communication as
well as gathering data from vehicles that would enable taxi. Human will generally require to
manage the entire system Moreover; it is found by Soyland (2017) that the hotel industry will
generally bring chains from searching different types of ways for appealing to younger
travellers that have generally increase sought. The various types of proliferation for the
driverless car will generally cut a proper big portion for the different hotel customer base.
According to Mannucci et al. (2017), driverless cars generally helps in consuming
more amount of energy than we currently do for the easing which will further encourage
them to take a greater number of trips. It is analyzed that there are different types of
interrelated shifts different types of autonomous vehicles. It is found that a great deal with the
infrastructure for the various self-driving cars (Wang, Liu & Kato, 2018). The entire
transition period which will bring the companies an opportunity for figuring out what that
generally gets fitted within the new energy-based ecosystem.
It is stated by Correa et al. (2017) that the driverless cars are generally increasing
safety as the connected AV would bring the car network that will theoretically bring different
types of accidental collisions. In addition to this, it is analyzed that due to the decreased
collision, there are a number of the healthcare industry that would generally lose around
$500b annually. Moreover, an autonomous fleet that will further bring function as one of the
diagnostic check-up related sites that are further turning the entire autonomous cars within
site for the passengers that will further receive different types of simple healthcare-based
services (Janai et al., 2017).

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5. Technology Projection
There have been several advanced technologies used in the autonomous vehicles,
including Graphical Processing Units (GPU), Sensor technologies and Deep Learning. There
has been the utilization of several cameras in autonomous vehicles. These cameras help in
looking forward and backwards for collecting data from the environment (Litman, 2015). The
use of sensors helps in creating a graphical image of the surrounding. This helps in self-
driving of vehicle by getting entire description of the road through which they are travelling.
The database of the vehicles has been connected with the cloud-based database server. This
helps in the continuous fetching of data and information from the cloud server. The
components include a real time click, GPS (Global Positioning System) and ability to record
up to six cameras at 720p resolution with cellular connectivity. This component helps in
maintaining a smart approach in autonomous vehicles.
The autonomous vehicles-based technology might be successful in the market as there
have been utilization advanced technologies including GPS, artificial intelligence and deep
learning. These technologies have been able to show a positive response in the market. It is
found that the autonomous vehicles utilize algorithms as well as AI for determining the map
as well as for identifying the routes by navigating the real traffic without getting the
intervention of the human driver. These automated vehicles will run in solar energy or
electricity that will help in saving petrol and diesel as fuel in the vehicle (Janai et al., 2017).
Therefore, it will also decrease the amount of pollution in the atmosphere. These impacts and
factors show that autonomous technology used in vehicles will, be a success in the market in
recent years.
According to USDOT website, 94% of the vehicles generally crashes due to human
error however the potential of the autonomous vehicle-based technology generally helps in
minimizing death as well as injuries on the roads. Moreover, it is found that the experiments