Report on Autonomous Vehicles: Innovations, Challenges, and Future

This report provides an in-depth analysis of autonomous vehicles (AVs), exploring their development, technological advancements, and potential societal impact. It highlights the role of human negligence in accidents as a key driver for AV development, emphasizing the goal of saving lives and improving future transportation. The report details the operational mechanisms of AVs, including their reliance on various sensors, navigation systems, and software, and discusses the initiatives of companies like QNX Software Systems in creating fully autonomous vehicles. It also addresses the challenges faced by AV technology, such as software dependability, environmental complexities, and high costs. Furthermore, the report examines the potential benefits of AVs, including increased safety, reduced travel time, and improved fuel efficiency, while also discussing the establishment of innovation centers and their contribution to job creation. The report concludes by emphasizing the role of AVs as a significant innovation aimed at enhancing human safety and well-being. The report also includes a bibliography of relevant research papers.

Running head: INNOVATIONS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIETY
To: The Senior Manager
From: [Employee name]
Date: [DD/MM/YYYY]
Subject: Autonomous Vehicles
Negligence of the humans are the main cause of the accidents that are taking place now a
day. These accidents are the main cause behind the development of the concept of autonomous
vehicles. The main reason for developing this concept is to save human lives and to make a
better plan for the future, aiming at reducing the number of accidents along with other benefits.
Driving a car by the humans is not the future of the cars. Autonomous vehicles or AV are the
cars that are customized for performing its operations without any human assistance.
Autonomous vehicles can sense the environmental conditions along with providing assistance to
the vehicle with a proper navigation without any human interference.
AV uses a number of ways of detecting the various environmental situation and this
includes the use of different techniques like “RADAR”, “laser lights”, “GPS”, “Odometry” and
the “computers vision”. Certain navigation paths are chosen by the systems that are accurate and
also helps in detecting and avoiding the obstacles faced by the car on its path.
The CEO of “QNX Software System” John Chen of Canada wants to turn the cars into a
complete autonomous vehicle by making the cars full of applications along with self-controlling
of the cars. The car platform of the QNX comprises of a real-time OS. The architecture provided
by the company helps many applications to run securely and simultaneously in a stable form.
Thereby, helping the company to produce cars that are crash free in case of any technical
failures. In the month of December QNX formed an centre for new innovations in the

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INNOVATIONS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIETY
autonomous vehicle in “Ottawa”. They have kept a prototype of the AV in the centre for the
purpose of testing the software’s and the new architectures related to AV. The “Ministry of
Transportation” of Ontario has given the approval to the company for the purpose of testing the
autonomous vehicles on the roads of Ontario.
The software required by the autonomous vehicles are very much sophisticated and are
more secure than any systems of a normal car. The main aim of the company is to produce cars
with high security features aiming at dominating the future market of the cars. They are also
taking an initiative for providing employment to the local software engineers.
The CEO John Chen also stated the various obstacles that are causing problems for the
development of the autonomous technology are listed below:
 Dependability on the software
 In a disordered city condition the artificial intelligences are not able to function properly.
 Compromise of the cars computer for example the communication system that exists
between different cars.
 The sensing and the navigation system of the car are susceptible to different weather
conditions or due to deliberate interference like the jamming or the spoofing.
 Recognition and the tracking of the large animals are needed so as to avoid them.
 For proper operation of this type of vehicle there is a need of high-quality specialised
maps.
 The presence of competition in the radio spectrum that are needed for the cars
communication systems.

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INNOVATIONS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIETY
 There requirement of evaluating the development, the product and the components of the
supply chain in the field program for the system.
 The need of changing the infrastructure of the roads aiming at proper and best
performance of the cars.
 The cost required for the fully operational autonomous system is very high.
 The users have to face low costs for the purpose of implementing the autonomous
vehicle.
Autonomous vehicles can help a lot in saving the lives of peoples. It also helps in the
reduction of the time required for the travelling. The efficiency of the fuel also increases. The
space required for the parking is also provided to the users. The technology is facing various
problems as discussed above. With the opening of the innovation centre in Ottawa it will help the
country make its position in the global software market and the development of the autonomous
vehicle. The setup of the new innovation centre in Ottawa will provide jobs to many Canadians
as well specially for those who are newly graduated.
The use of autonomous vehicles can help in preserving lots of human lives. In cases of
emergency the driving of a human might seem to be reckless but by the use of artificial
intelligence this might be solved in an easy way as they make use of the real time information
and the sensors that are fitted into it. Supposing a situation in which the car driven by the human
suddenly stops at a signal and another car coming towards it struck it from the behind. But in
case of an AV this situation can be avoided. The same car when automated can break the signal
in an intersection in case of an emergency if it contains an Evasive mode which is able to stop
the cross traffic by making the signal light red when it enters the intersection. The main aim of
autonomous vehicle is not to act as an advancement in the future but to act as a new innovation

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INNOVATIONS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIETY
aiming at saving the life’s of humans. Blackberry’s QNX is one of the company that has taken an
initiative for the production of a fully autonomous vehicle. For this purpose, they have started
testing their samples on the roads of Ontario after receiving the permission from the “Ministry of
Transport’. By forming the new innovation centre they aim at providing more employment to the
peoples along with increased safety of the peoples.
Best regard,
[Name of the Employee]
[Designation of the Employee]
[Name of the Organisation]

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INNOVATIONS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIETY
Bibliography:
Brottman, M. (Ed.). (2016). Car crash culture. Springer.
Fagnant, D. J., & Kockelman, K. (2015). Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles:
opportunities, barriers and policy recommendations. Transportation Research Part A:
Policy and Practice, 77, 167-181.
Gerla, M., Lee, E. K., Pau, G., & Lee, U. (2014, March). Internet of vehicles: From intelligent
grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds. In Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2014
IEEE World Forum on (pp. 241-246). IEEE.
Lozano-Perez, T. (2012). Autonomous robot vehicles. Springer Science & Business Media.
Maddern, W., Stewart, A., McManus, C., Upcroft, B., Churchill, W., & Newman, P. (2014,
May). Illumination invariant imaging: Applications in robust vision-based localisation,
mapping and classification for autonomous vehicles. In Proceedings of the Visual Place
Recognition in Changing Environments Workshop, IEEE International Conference on
Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Hong Kong, China (Vol. 2, p. 3).
Rockwood, M. (2015). Reliable, Real-Time Acceleration Measurement Toward Automated
Monitoring of Driver Behavior(Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University Ottawa).