Aviation Safety, Security, and Emergency Planning Report Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of aviation safety, security, and emergency planning. It begins by exploring the personal and organizational approaches to aviation security, addressing human factors, security checks, and the role of security personnel. The report then delves into the consequences of using aviation security devices, examining both their benefits and drawbacks, including the impact on passenger health and human rights. It also provides an opinion on the completeness of current aviation security rules and technology. Finally, the report outlines the roles and responses of various departments during a plane crash, including fire rescue, ambulances, PAX buses, operations, the Civil Aviation Authority, police, insurance, and the media. The report draws upon several academic sources to support its findings.

Running head: AVIATION SAFETY, SECURITY AND EMERGENCY PLANNING
Aviation Safety, Security and Emergency Planning
Student’s name
Institution Affiliation(s)

AVIATION SAFETY, SECURITY AND EMERGENCY PLANNING
Q 1. Aviation Security
Aviation security is made up of all the safety measures and regulations implemented in
airports to ensure the aircraft, airport staff, and passengers are safe from all accidents, threats,
and other criminal activities. Aviation sector takes care of all the Security system audits, cargo
certification handlers, Security approvals, Security Programme management, and surveillance
and monitoring of security-related programs (Lykou, Anagnostopoulou, & Gritzalis, 2018). The
aviation sector is useful at the entry point of goods and people to the country and from the
country hence has a big role in the political and economic importance of any given country.
Therefore, security is a major concern in the aviation industry to minimize all sorts of accidents
from taking place. Among are threats involved with the aviation sector; terrorism, accidents,
drug trafficking, and any other type of crime. Historically, the aviation industry has been a target
to terrorists for such a long while making it a major threat to the aviation industry (Lykou et al.,
2018). Aviation security can be approached at a personal level and an organizations level as
below.
Q 1a. Personal Approach
Airport passenger's trust is increased via security checks. However, security checks cause
high rates of negative emotions throughout the whole passenger's journey. On the other hand,
passengers prefer to bare the stress during the checkups rather than fly without security measures
being efficiently carried out. According to studies, passengers are willing to pay extra and to bear
the increased inconveniences to feel secure. Security checks are very influential when it comes to
customer satisfaction, together with terminal facilities. Satisfaction brings in value for the airport
hence a competitive advantage to the airports (Kolesár, Melníková, Heralová, & Daňko, 2016).
The passengers weigh their satisfaction based on;

AVIATION SAFETY, SECURITY AND EMERGENCY PLANNING
a) The time is taken for security check.
b) The professionalism of the security staff.
c) Confidence during the security check processes.
Q 1b. Organizational Approach
Security systems were implemented in the 1970s after registration of so many cases of
commercial aircraft hijackings. There are metal detectors used for checking and scanning of
luggage and passengers, verification of identification documents just to enhance good security
and to reduce insecurity (Kolesár et al., 2016). The security team in airports should be paid very
well just to motivate them to perform well in their respective areas. They should be well trained
as their area calls for a lot of attention hence being able to smuggle hidden bombs and weapons
by terrorists. It is also advisable to subject the security personnel to background checks often just
to make sure there are no staffs assisting terrorists in harming the passengers (Diao & Zhang,
2017).
The hijacking of TWA Flight 847 that happened a while back was successful via the help
of the staff; the staff helped the terrorists hide weapons in the washroom that were used to carry
out their attack. The candidates for security jobs in the airports should be chosen with
consideration of their ability to handle such jobs, for instance, they should be equipped with
cognitive abilities, abstract reasoning ability together with alertness ability (Arcúrio, Nakamura,
& Armborst, 2018).
Q 2a. Consequences of using Aviation Security Devices
The passenger screening devices use radiation, electric and magnetic field levels, which
may be a threat to the passenger's health. The health effects include cancer, reproductive, and

AVIATION SAFETY, SECURITY AND EMERGENCY PLANNING
teratogenic effects together with cardiac effects. However, the radiations are below the maximum
allowable exposure levels hence are not so threatening to public health. The scanners are very
costly, making it hard for any growing aviation industry (Prenzler, Lowden, & Sarre, 2013).
Also, they do not reveal objects are in the body cavities and those of a low density. This may
cause an attack during the flight.
Q 2b. Opinion on the security devices based on security
The current devices are doing an excellent job in making sure that security is held
upright. However, with the improving technology, more and better devices should be
implemented, for instance, devices that will detect objects that are hidden in body cavities and
those of a lower density (Skorupski & Uchroński, 2016).
Q 2c. Opinion on the security devices based on the human aspect
In my opinion, the use of these devices and procedures put human rights at risk as they
may cause health problems, disregard of human rights and humiliation of individuals. To
enhance the use of these devices, standards such as medical standards should be implemented in
their manufacture. As much as the current scanner devices are said to emit radiations that are
below the maximum allowable exposure levels, they are still not friendly to the human body. A
solution to this issue should be created to ensure that the scanners do not cause any health
problems.
Q 3a. Opinion on the Aviation Security Rules
No, I don't think the security rules and technology is complete. It is evident that one can
sneak in objects of a low density and objects hidden in the body cavities into the plane. This
shouldn't be taken softly, and hence, more technology should be implemented to make sure the

AVIATION SAFETY, SECURITY AND EMERGENCY PLANNING
scanners do not have such a fault (Ceccato & Masci, 2017). The radiations emitted are still
harmful to the human body, and this is very dangerous; hence, a solution to this should be found.
Q 4a. Roles
During a plane crash, the fire rescue department should visit the scene and apply
firefighting foams, some dry chemical together with clean agents that are used to extinguish the
burning aviation fuel inside and around the aircraft to enable the passengers' exit the fire hazard
scene. Whenever there is a fire in the cabin, they should work to control/extinguish these fires
(Denault & Jupe, 2018). Ambulances are used to transport the injured passengers in a plane
accident for medical services. PAX buses will be used for passenger's transportation from the
scene of the plane crash. PAX manifest is passengers manifest or passenger's list showing all
passengers on board at the time of the plane crash together with all their information making it
easy during inquiries (Felkai, 2016). AC test aids in the collecting of data on the flight envelope
of the aircraft. The Civil Aviation Authority identifies the root cause of the plane crash. Police
and security ensure safety at the scene and takes care of the passengers' luggage. The insurance
ensures that the air crash victims a compensated for while the media/press informs and gives an
update to people all around the world about the air crash (Sakano, Obeng, & Fuller, 2016).

AVIATION SAFETY, SECURITY AND EMERGENCY PLANNING

AVIATION SAFETY, SECURITY AND EMERGENCY PLANNING
References
Arcúrio, M. S. F., Nakamura, E. S., & Armborst, T. (2018). Human Factors and Errors in
Security Aviation: An Ergonomic Perspective [Research article].
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5173253
Ceccato, V., & Masci, S. (2017). Airport Environment and Passengers’ Satisfaction with Safety.
Journal of Applied Security Research, 12(3), 356–373.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2017.1315696
Denault, V., & Jupe, L. M. (2018). Aviation Security and the TSA’s Behavior Detection: Why
Effective Academic and Practitioner Dialogue Is Vital. Frontiers in Psychology, 9.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00240
Diao, W., & Zhang, C. (2017). Incorporation of International Aviation Security Conventions into
China’s Legislation: Further Integration Is Needed for Effective Implementation. Air and
Space Law, 42(3), 247–271.
Felkai, P. (2016). Airport Security Versus Patient Security: The “Sickurity” Problem.
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health, 4(3), 73–75.
https://doi.org/10.21859/ijtmgh-040301
Kolesár, J., Melníková, L., Heralová, D., & Daňko, P. (2016). Methodology of the Auditing
Measures to Civil Airport Security and Protection. MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development,
4(20), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.14311/MAD.2016.20.07
Lykou, G., Anagnostopoulou, A., & Gritzalis, D. (2018). Smart Airport Cybersecurity: Threat
Mitigation and Cyber Resilience Controls. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 19(1).
https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010019
Prenzler, T., Lowden, C., & Sarre, R. T. (2013). Aviation Security Issues in Australia Post-9/11.
(SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 2356141). Retrieved from Social Science Research Network
website: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2356141

AVIATION SAFETY, SECURITY AND EMERGENCY PLANNING
Sakano, R., Obeng, K., & Fuller, K. (2016). Airport security and screening satisfaction: A case
study of U.S. Journal of Air Transport Management, 55(C), 129–138.
Skorupski, J., & Uchroński, P. (2016). A Human Being as a Part of the Security Control System
at the Airport. Procedia Engineering, 134, 291–300.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.010