Organizational Behaviour Analysis: A W Holding Company Unit 12 Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organizational behaviour within A W Holding Company Limited, a small sector business in the mechanical or industrial engineering operations and functions. The study examines the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance, referencing Charles Handy's culture types and different forms of power. It further explores content and process theories of motivation, including McClelland's theory of needs and Adams' equity theory, and how motivational techniques enable the effective achievement of goals. The report also covers methods for making teams effective and discusses relevant team and group development theories. Finally, it analyzes the concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour within the business context, critically evaluating the relevance of team development theories and their influence on workplace behaviour.

UNIT 12 ORGANISATION
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P1 How an organisation's culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour
performances...............................................................................................................................1
M1 Critically analysis how culture, politics and power of an organisation influence individual
and team behaviour performance................................................................................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................4
P2 How content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals....................................................................................................4
M2 Critically evaluate how influence of behaviour of others through effective application of
behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models............................................................5
D1 Critically evaluate relationship between culture, politics and power and motivation that
enable teams and organisation to gain success...........................................................................6
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................6
P3 How to make team effective as opposed to an ineffective team............................................6
M3 Relevant team and group development theories to support the development of dynamic
cooperation..................................................................................................................................8
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................8
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within organisational context .......8
M4 Positive and negative influence by concepts and philosophies of OB...............................10
D2 Critically analysis and evaluate relevance of team development theories in context of
organisational behaviour concepts and philosophies which influence behaviour at workplace
...................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour coordinate with social unit which composed to accomplish
business goals with two or more than two people. Managers of the enterprises are responsible for
effective functioning in the business which is concerned with study to do several tasks and it
affects organisations performance. Hence, it aids in reducing dysfunctional behaviour at
workplace such as absenteeism, dissatisfaction, etc. (Hrabia, Kaiser and Albayrak, 2017).
Present study based on A W Holding Company Limited which is small sector business
and deals in mechanical or industrial engineering operations and functions. They owning
securities of companies other than banks.
For gaining insight information of the present report, it covers influence of culture,
politics and power on individual performance and behaviour. Furthermore, it considers content
and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques that enable to effective
achievement of goals and objectives. Moreover, it contains methods to make effective team. At
last, concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour also determine within the business
situation.
LO 1
P1 How an organisation's culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour
performances
In A W Holding Company Limited, organisation culture, politics and power highly
influence individual and team behaviour performances. In this regard, following different types
of culture, politics and power influence in the chosen business environment:
Charles Handy's culture Power culture: In the chosen organisation, power culture determines among hands of few
employees to take authorised decisions as well. They are majorly enjoyed special
privileges in A W Holding Company Limited. They are also delegated further
responsibilities to other people in the business. Hence, subordinates have option which
require follow superior's instructions strictly (Matheson, Schwab and Koval, 2018). Task Culture: When team formed to accomplish certain goals or targets, task culture has
been followed. Hence, in these kinds of enterprises as per common interest and
specialisation, they come together to form a successful team. They are generally four to
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five members who contribute equally to attain more desired results in innovative way. In
this type of culture, each member contribute their equal part to promote functions and
operations. Person culture: There are certain businesses in which employees feel they are more
important than the organisation. In these kinds of businesses person culture follow in
which individual are more concerned regarding their self instead of the business. In A W
Holding Company Limited employees come in the organisation and sake of money not
get attached to it. They are fully loyal for management and not favour to the business
(Long, Li and Ning, 2015).
 Role culture: Role culture in the enterprise consider when each employee delegated roles
and responsibilities as per specialisation, interest, education qualifications, etc. It is the
best aspect for A W Holding Company Limited to take ownership and assigned work
accordingly. Power also comes with responsibilities for particular work culture (Abbasi,
Tarhini and Shah, 2015).
In A W Holding Company Limited, task culture has been followed in which team formed
to accomplish several goals and objectives as per person skills, ability and effectiveness.
Furthermore, it also assists to focus on the particular which would be accomplish through focus
on desired level of performances.
Different types of power Reward power: This type of power also involves ability of individual to delegate matters
to provide reward in successful manner. For managers, organisation perceive ability to
provide reward to their subordinates and good results as well. In A W Holding Company
Limited, reward power is most popular forms that raises, promotions or compliments. Referent power: This form of power is about management based ability which consider
administering and sense of personal acceptance. Leader in this form possess power to
often seen as role model. When leader has referent power, good appreciation of their
environment also tends which influence with responsibilities (Koon and Chong, 2018). Coercive power: This power based upon the idea of coercion. Hence, it means that
someone is forced to do something against their will. Main objective of this power is
compliance. Hence, it illustrates happening in A W Holding Company Limited used to
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provide reward or expertise. It is lead to problems in unhealthy behaviour and
dissatisfaction at work (Matheson, Schwab and Koval, 2018). Legitimate power: In this kind of power, employees get ability to link certain feelings of
obligation or notion with responsibilities of management. Reward and punishment two
major consideration that are legitimate part of formal or appointed leadership role. People
are always run with pack and traditionally obey the person to overcome loses of position.
 Expert power: According to this power, in-depth information, knowledge and expertise
information can be successfully gain. Leaders are often highly intelligent and possess
trust to fulfil roles and responsibilities of the organisation (Five Forms of Power (French
& Raven), 2018). This also enable to combine reward in right mode. It is greatly
appreciated and forms on the basis of leadership in A W Holding Company Limited.
Influence of political behaviour
Power and politics play great role in A W Holding Company Limited from governing
decisions and interact with one another. In different kinds of businesses, it can be influence to
determine overall culture at workplace that encourages productivity. When the organisation has
positive political behaviour, productivity of the enterprise continuously develop. It provides
employees to take power and make decisions for strong performance appointing employees.
Employee retention rates also helps to concern and work together in business (Noël and
Zambonelli, 2015). However, when leaders of the chosen organisation not provide privileges to
staff members, negative power occurs. As a result, threatening also take place with punishment
to do hard work among several people. When organisation has not clear policies and chains of
command, they are not able to lead and spend more time to search and attempt fix problems.
M1 Critically analysis how culture, politics and power of an organisation influence individual
and team behaviour performance
Culture, politics and power of the organisation highly influence individual and team
behaviour performances. In this consideration, in A W Holding Company Limited follow task
culture through they can accomplish their desired goals and objectives easily. This is because, it
contains forming of group to take decisions and develop significant advantages at workplace. To
accomplish goals and objectives, mainly they are focusing on team behaviour performance
which would be beneficial to concern and work together in the business (Matheson, Schwab and
Koval, 2018). As critical evaluation, political behaviour not considering effective results to focus
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on the more creativity. With the help of positive politics, power and cultural behaviour
performances will be develop to attain more creativity at workplace.
LO 2
P2 How content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals
Motivation play important role to encourages several employees in the business to gain
more desired results at workplace to perform several tasks and activities. With this regard, in A
W Holding Company Limited employees are encourages to perform several tasks that assists to
develop more significant advantages at workplace. Motivation assists to fulfil needs and
requirement of each person that assists to gain desired level of efficiency in successful manner
(Koon and Chong, 2018). Following are two types of theories consider accomplish goals and
objectives:
Content theory
Content theory consider things that assists to motivate staff members of A W Holding
Company Limited. There are several factors included that cause, sustain and stop behaviour to
attain more desired level efficiency at workplace. On the basis of this theory, each person of the
enterprise satisfied easily. This theory creates positive and negative both kinds of impact on the
results. In this regard, the chosen business know reason due to which they have to motivate staff
members. As a result, they can gain more systematic work performances at workplace. However,
this theory cannot be applied in all situations so that negative impact occurs at workplace of A W
Holding Company Limited.
McClelland theory (Need for achievement, affiliation and power): In this kind of theory,
McClelland claimed human acquire, learn motivators over the time. Therefore, it is the reason
why theory consider in three motivating drivers which is not depends on gender or age. It is drive
with dominant behaviour. For instance, achievement, affiliation and power (Noël and
Zambonelli, 2015). Achievement motivation: Achievement motivation consider need to accomplish and
demonstrate competence. It pertains for a person's need to make significant success,
development of skills, control or high standard. It associated with different range of
actions where individual seek achievement, attainment of challenging goals. It is
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influenced with internal drivers for action and pressure that are used by prospects of
others. Low need for achievement mean that in A W Holding Company Limited each
individual easy or difficult task. High need of achievement try to choose optimal,
sufficiently work that assists to get appropriate chance to reach towards goals (Abbasi,
Tarhini and Shah, 2015). Affiliation motivation: Affiliation motivation consider need for love, belongingness and
relatedness. These kinds of people have strong need for friendship those are less effective
in leadership position. High need for affiliation person in the chosen organisation support
with regular contacts and involvement in interpersonal relationship. It can be increase and
decrease so that individual not taking high risk or uncertainty in the business environment
(Koon and Chong, 2018).
 Authority/power motivation: Authority/power motivation determine need to control on
own work and work of others. These persons are authority motivated who have strong
need to lead with successful ideas. McClelland studied consider high need for power and
affiliation that managers tended to run with more productive department in sales
enterprise.
Process theory
Process theories determines to explore successful behaviour that caused, sustained and
stopped with different elements of motivational factors. In this consideration, mainly A W
Holding Company Limited includes individual choice that are based on preference, reward and
sense of accomplishment. Consequently, in the chosen business it includes factors that helps to
motivate employees (Matheson, Schwab and Koval, 2018). Process theory create advantages to
implement appropriate ways through staff members of A W Holding Company Limited can be
motivated effectively. On the other hand, all levels of needs cannot be easily accomplished by
the chosen business.
Adams' equity theory: As per this theory, it can be stated that people are highly motivated
when they are treated equitably and receive to implement efforts and costs. It is totally based on
social exchange theory. Therefore, people compare their contribution in work, cost of their
actions and benefits that results for reference person. When people perceive ratio of inputs-
outputs, they will motivate to reduce inequity. At workplace of A W Holding Company Limited,
workers put inputs in job, education, experience, efforts, energy, etc. With the help of get
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outcomes such as salary, reward, promotion, verbal recognition, etc. equal amount can be
contribute successfully (Motivation theories, 2018).
Equity theory also works with oral performance of employees who got different
measurement in term of their contribution. When inequity exists, person might reduce their
inputs, efforts, quantity or quality of particular work. Therefore, they are trying to increase
output to perform better functions (Abbasi, Tarhini and Shah, 2015).
M2 Critically evaluate how influence of behaviour of others through effective application of
behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models
Content and process theory of motivation highly influence behaviour of each individual
with effective application of different theories, concept and models. With the help of McClelland
theory of motivation, it can be stated that in A W Holding Company Limited three elements of
motivation determines that assist to accomplish desired level of results in positive manner. For
instance, achievement motivation, affiliation motivation and authority motivation. As critical
evaluation, another equity theory consider implementing successful efforts and costs to develop
significant advantages of different aspects of motivation.
D1 Critically evaluate relationship between culture, politics and power and motivation that
enable teams and organisation to gain success
Culture, politics and power with motivation consider positive and negative two types of
relationship. In this regard, it can be stated that positive relationship assists to focus on gain
successful results in A W Holding Company Limited. This is because, positive work
environment assists to perform several functions in the business to gain more success with
motivation at workplace (Noël and Zambonelli, 2015). As critical evaluation, negative culture
reduce motivation level of employees which reduce encouragement of staff members in the
chosen business. As a result, it will develop more creative work performance to gain more
success.
LO 3
P3 How to make team effective as opposed to an ineffective team
In order to make effective team as opposed to ineffective team, manager of A W Holding
Company Limited require focus on each person role in the business. This is because, with the
help of appropriate role and responsibilities all staff members are encourages towards work and
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it increases creative work performances (Koon and Chong, 2018). Moreover, teams when teams
are formed on the basis of Belbin categories, effectively they are able to accomplish aims and
objectives at workplace. Shaper role: In a particular team, shaper possess role to perform functions by people who
are dynamic and relish challenges (Zhang and de Roo, 2016). In order to face challenges,
shapers also maintain positive mental attitude that strive to find the best way and
overcome challenges with great interpersonal communication skills in A W Holding
Company Limited. For example, in A W Holding Company Limited shaper face issue
and challenge in a particular team that increase expenses and reduce their effectiveness as
well. Implementer role: People who possess role of implementer in a team requires getting
actual things done in successful manner. They are practical, efficient and well-organised
to perform several activities in the chosen business (Dekker and Yeung, 2018).
Implementers also turn ideas and thoughts of team in actual plan so that changes can be
made successfully to deal with desired level efficiency. In A W Holding Company
Limited, implementer perform their job role with consideration of creativity and
effectiveness. On the basis of goals and objectives they are able to communicate several
benefits as well. Completer/finisher role: Finisher possess great role in A W Holding Company Limited.
They generally perform functions to make perfectionists work and detect errors that strive
to ensure team accomplish targets as per deadlines. Finishers also face issue and problem
with delegation of tasks which would be better to share work with other people (Oeij,
Dhondt and Vroome, 2016). They possess role to complete tasks and goals that can be
initiate in order to focus on targets and effectiveness. Coordinator role: Coordinator person seen and possessing traditional team role in the
selected business. They are mature and confident to possess great listening skills. In
addition to this there are several activities develop and guide to assess team's obligations.
Coordination with delegating duties is most important perspective that direct team of A
W Holding Company Limited to accomplish their goals. With the help of coordinator
role, A W Holding Company Limited can make coordination with different parties.
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 Team worker role: Furthermore, team workers possess role to ensure that team remains
united. They work to solve issues and problems which create impact on team dynamics
(Hrabia, Kaiser and Albayrak, 2017). In A W Holding Company Limited, team worker
are supportive in nature to maintain team cohesion ahead with decision-making abilities.
Team worker in A W Holding Company Limited produce effective results with gathering
team to accomplish aim and objectives of the organisation in positive manner. As a result,
more targets and goals could be develop to gain effectiveness. Resource investigator role: Resource investigator are inquisitive and enthusiastic in
nature so that they possess great negotiating and networking skills. With the help of these
skills, resource investigator increase external contacts with team resources. Resources
investigator in A W Holding Company Limited possess role to communicate several
benefits in the business that assists to accomplish targets and goals. Monitor evaluator role: Monitor evaluator possess role as critical thinker in a team. They
are generally rush into decision-making skills so that information critically analyse before
find any conclusion (Merchant, 2018). Specialist role: Specialist worker role consider as expert knowledge in particular areas.
Their contribution in a team can be successfully develop with expertise activities.
Priorities also successfully develop with maintaining professional standards towards A W
Holding Company Limited.
 Plants role: Plants are innovate members in the team who implement original approaches
and ideas to solve problems and overcome challenges. In this regard, poor
communication skills reduce effectiveness of staff members which impact negatively on
the results and outcomes (Pope, Russel and Watson, 2015).
M3 Relevant team and group development theories to support the development of dynamic
cooperation
In order to develop group performances, there are four stages has been considered in A W
Holding Company Limited. They are as follows: Forming stage: It is the first stage of group development in which group members come
together and describe anxiety and uncertainty (Salminen, Vanhala and Heilmann, 2017).
Members of whole group discreet with behaviour which is driven to accomplish desire in
A W Holding Company Limited.
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 Storming stage: It is the second stage in which group developing consider to solve
dispute and competition in the greatest manner to understand work and feel
belongingness. Norming stage: In Norming stage, cooperation and integration among team members
consider with easier, more cooperative and productive source (Mackintosh, Channon and
Zhao, 2016). With this regard, group leadership is important consideration to take
initiatives and move forward. Performing stage: At this stage, morale is also high to actively acknowledge talent, skills
and experience to bring each member into group. Members are flexible, interdependence
and trust so that needs of group will be accomplish.
 Adjourning stage: In this stage, team looks confusing and reached to task that
successfully completed (Mishra, Khan and Mishra, 2015).
LO 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within organisational context
In organisational context, there are different types of concepts and philosophies in
organisational behaviour considered. With this regard, path goal theory has been explained
successfully which implement to accomplish goals and objectives of A W Holding Company
Limited. In the chosen business, due to in effective management, the organisation unable to get
maximum amount of profit. Therefore, this issue must be solved with using Path Goal theory.
Path and Goal theory
In this theory, leaders compliments employees and compensates for their shortcomings. It
is task oriented where effective leaders create clear path to accomplish their objectives. In this
kind of supervision, pitfalls can be remove successfully (Delić, Slåtten and Vulanović, 2017).
Leadership behaviour
Motivation is most important perspective that consider in leadership and play very
important role in success of the organisation. With this consideration, satisfaction level of staff
members in A W Holding Company Limited choose to work to focus and support. This allows
leaders to do work for accomplishment of department's goals (de Graaf, Liang and van Vliet,
2016).
Leadership style
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Right leadership style depends on situation of the worker. This is because, chosen
leadership style must be motivates and satisfy them with several facilities, coach and reward to
employees in A W Holding Company Limited. Following are different kinds of leadership styles
in the organisation successfully consider: Directive leadership: In this consideration of leadership, leaders know exact what and
how tasks they perform with specific deadlines. Hence, clear guidelines with processes
expected to carry creative results at workplace (Matheson, Schwab and Koval, 2018).
Close supervision also required that is suited for inexperienced em(Matheson, Schwab
and Koval, 2018)ployees and require guidance as well. Supportive leadership: Supportive leadership pays attention towards particular situation
where employee has personal problem and temporarily demotivated. As a result, A W
Holding Company Limited require to characteristics with friendly and empathetic work. Achievement oriented leadership: In this type of leadership leaders set challenging goals
(Kundu and Roy, 2016). Therefore, they expect achievement on the highest level from
their employees and maintain trust to handle this. In the chosen organisation, they force
to display excellent work achievement and constant improvement to maintain confidence
in abilities.
 Participative leadership: In this aspect of leadership style, leader deems very important
to work with employees to include ideas and opinion in decision. It means that
consultation and discussion includes in decision-making process (Noël and Zambonelli,
2015). Leader deploy leadership in A W Holding Company Limited with highly
involvement of special knowledge.
M4 Positive and negative influence by concepts and philosophies of OB
Path goal theory of leadership assumes that leaders are flexible and adapt different kinds
of leadership style in the situation. It influences by the environment, work and characteristics of
employees. Employees level of experience, ability to do work, etc. elements play important role
(Abbasi, Tarhini and Shah, 2015). As a result, it influences positively to adopt stronger or better
approach. In addition to this, clarifying path also leads to final goals so that clear guidelines can
be successfully implemented which depends on employee. However, path goal theory also
influence and ensure that leaders improve output in the organisation through influencing
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