Analyzing the Implications of B Corp Certification for Businesses

B Corporations are entities recognized for balancing purpose and profit by meeting rigorous standards of social and environmental performance. This assignment explores why companies pursue B Corp status, assessing both benefits—such as enhanced brand image and stakeholder trust—and challenges like regulatory complexities and increased operational costs. By analyzing various sources, students will understand how B Corps contribute to sustainable business models and ethical corporate behavior in modern markets.

Running head: B CORPORATIONS
B corporations
(Communicating with the social and environmental responsibility)
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author Note

1B CORPORATIONS
2. Executive summary
The research paper is based on analyzing the Twitter posts of 20 different organizations from New
Zealand and Australia to identify the significance of social media in sustainability of the B
Corporation. B Corporations are used of different types of methods to communicate among the
public throughout social media channels. Twitter social media is used for observing five elements of
the B score categories such as worker, customer, environment, community as well as governance.
At the estimated time, the entire study is finished. The data are analyzed to determine and analyze
how selected organizations are performing well at online or not.

2B CORPORATIONS
Table of Contents
3. Introduction:......................................................................................................................................3
4. Methods:............................................................................................................................................4
4.1 Research Philosophy:...................................................................................................................4
4.2 Research Approach:.....................................................................................................................4
4.3 Research Design:.........................................................................................................................5
4.4 Data Collection Procedures:........................................................................................................5
4.5 Ethical considerations:.................................................................................................................6
5. Results:..............................................................................................................................................7
6. Discussion on the results:................................................................................................................11
7. Limitations and recommendations for the future research:.............................................................15
7.1 Limitations of the research study:..............................................................................................15
7.2 Recommendations of the study:.................................................................................................16
8. Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................17
References:..........................................................................................................................................18

3B CORPORATIONS
3. Introduction:
The research paper is based on analyzing the communication strategies which is used by B
corporations into both Australia as well as New Zealand throughout use of social media channels.
The main purpose of the organization is to provide profitability as well as fulfill the
stakeholder’s objectives. The aim of this particular research paper is to explore as well as analyze of
the methods which is used by B-corporations to communicate among the public throughout social
media such as Facebook or Twitter ("Welcome | B Corporation", 2017).
Use of communication channel such as social media improves the brand image as well as
maximizes the revenue. In this paper, Twitter posts are used. The identified research questions
analyze different platforms used and provide impact of social media on Grey sector organizations.
The research questions for this research paper study are:
How do B Corporations Australia and New Zealand communicate their social and environmental
responsibility through social media?
What is the significance of social media in sustainability of the B Corporation?
This particular research paper is used of Twitter social media to observe five elements of the
B score categories such as worker, customer, environment, community as well as governance
("What is a Benefit Corporation? | Benefit Corporation", 2017). It is conducted by finding frequency
of post at estimated time. Data analysis is conducted based on various 20 companies and their twitter
posts. The goal of this paper is to identify the social media’s significance into the B-corporations.
This study will also discuss the methods used to analyze the data and provide the results from the
collected data.

4B CORPORATIONS
4. Methods:
Supancic et al., (2015) illustrated that research methodology helps the researcher to identify
detailed methods as well as procedures used to undertake the study on scheduled time. It helps the
researcher to identify the factors used into development of the research methods. Different
approaches as well as methods are discussed to understand the entire research plan. Following are
the research methods used:
4.1 Research Philosophy:
In this context of research study, various factors are analyzing to identify the significance of
social media on B-corporations. The chosen research philosophy is positivism. It allows the
researcher to reveal of hidden data relevant to the study (Burgess, Dudbridge & Thompson, 2016).
Due to limited time allowed for the study, other research philosophies such as realism, Interpretivism
are avoided.
4.2 Research Approach:
According to Ott and Longnecker (2015), research approach is revealed with the needed
format to conduct the data analysis of selected research topic. Meeker and Escobar (2014) divided
the research approaches into three categories such as deductive, inductive and abductive. The
selected research approach is deductive approach which determines validity of the assumptions. It is
used for better understanding of the research topic. The researcher selected this approach for to
conduct the study in proper manner. As in this paper, so such new concepts are proposed, therefore
use of inductive and abductive are avoided (Mather & Tso, 2016). Apart from all this, the main
criteria behind selection of deductive approach are that it used of the past data to conduct the study.

5B CORPORATIONS
In this paper, past data from the Twitter posts with period from 1/1/2017 to 31/10/2017 are taken to
identify the significance of social media in sustainability of the B Corporation.
4.3 Research Design:
According to Schabenberger and Gotway (2017), research design helps to develop research
framework for collecting and analyzing the data. There are three categorizes of research design such
as Explanatory, Exploratory and Descriptive. In this research study, exploratory research design is
used to make sure that better understanding of the topic is provided. This research design allows the
researcher to define the requirements to conduct the research.
4.4 Data Collection Procedures:
While conducting this research study, data are accounted as most key importance
information required for this work. Sensitive and helpful information are provided to meet with the
research purpose. According to Dang, Lanjouw and Serajuddin (2014), accurate along with detailed
data are assisted to deliver of accurate data analysis while maintain the research standard.
Data sources: In this particular research paper, secondary data sources are used. Secondary
analyses are done to analyze of various case studies. The secondary data consists of research papers,
journals along with peer reviewed journals to analyze the significance of the social media into the
corporate social responsibilities. The data analysis consists of one method known as social
constructivist theory (Miles, Huberman & Saldana, 2014). The data are collected from 20 companies
those are members of the B-corporations through Twitter social media posting. The researcher
looked at each of the posts of the company based on five elements categories of the B-corporations
such as Environment, Workers, Customers, Community and Governance. The collected data i.e. the
Twitter posts are taken from period from 1/1/2017 to 31/10/2017. The researcher collected the posts

6B CORPORATIONS
and copied and pasted it into the excel document for further analyzing. It provides with good score
of how the company is performing online.
Data analysis technique: In this particular research paper, Qualitative data analysis is used to
identify the patterns in the data for providing various dimensions of the research study. The data are
obtained from the past journals and Twitter posts to conduct the study. Selected data analysis
technique is used to interpret the data collected from the Twitter posts of 20 different companies
(Liamputtong, 2013). The researcher performs of qualitative data analysis techniques to get the
secondary data. The application of selected data analysis helps to provide theoretical concepts on B
Corporations Australia and New Zealand communicate their social and environmental responsibility
through social media. Its practical field is followed into past Twitter posts.
Apart from all this, the researcher collected the raw data into the secondary data sources to
prove the validity of the developed research questions. Both reliability and validity are important to
prove authentic and relevant of the collected data (Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault, 2015). When the
reliability degree of collected data is high, then it provides with positive results for the research
study. In order to get of accurate results, both validity as well as reliability is maintained.
4.5 Ethical considerations:
The researcher needed to consider of different concerns to maintain the ethics while
conducting of collection of data as well as analyzing the gathered data. The ethical ground of
academic and the business journals are to be maintained properly (Weiss, 2014). All the data are
kept confidential. The ethical considerations that the researcher followed in this particular research
study are as follows:
Legal and authorized access: The data as well as research reports which are stored into the
archives are protected by strict codes. The researcher can able to access to the archive with different

7B CORPORATIONS
online data respiratory to access of sensitive and confidential data (Reed et al., 2013). Therefore, it is
ensured that there is legal along with authorized access to the collected information. The researcher
can follow of detailed policies and regulations to handle and use the data into digital form.
Application of collected data: The application of raw data is to be obtained from the
secondary data sources such as posts from Twitter which results into violation of secrecy. The data
along with the information which is used for the data analysis are kept secured with password
protected into the laptop (Cao et al., 2015). Apart from this, the researcher makes sure that the
collected data are not used commercially. The application of data is only limited to the academic
research.
Data implication: There are different implications about renewed agreement among the
initial researcher of secondary data along with the research which conducted into this particular
study. The researcher ensured that the repetitive acceptance of the approval to collect the secondary
data is not irritating the applicants. At the time of gathering of data from archives, the researcher
ensures that there is no such inconsistency caused by the researcher (Gao, House & Xe, 2016). The
data are obtained properly from the archive. The researcher selected the data from open sources and
social media channels such as Twitter from the time period of 1/1/2017 to 31/10/2017.
Based on the ethical considerations, the researcher is able to provide as well as conduct of
standard process while evaluating of selected research topic. The ethical codes are maintained to
provide of research standard.
5. Results:
Clearance or messages:
Currie Most of the posts have come from the customers. The company has been

8B CORPORATIONS
Communications seen to be congratulated and updates about their tasks.
Neometro They are congratulated and praised for their interior designs, decoration and
architectures (Nicholas & Sacco, 2016).
Squareweave They are thanked by the customers and communities (Garcia, 2016). Here
the maximum of the comments is found from the customers.
Carolyn Tate &
Co
The customers and the communities are found to be excited. The company
is felt to be loved and thanked by the various customers.
Inventium They are highly praised and loved. They are mainly given attention because
of their exciting initiatives and innovation (Kim et al., 2016).
Triskel
Coaching
Consultancy
There are no such posts recognized.
Vivid
Accountants &
Advisers
Only one post is found and only done from a community. However, the
message was not clear (Winkler & Portocarrero, 2018).
The Lantern
Legal Group
Here two posts are found. In the first one the customer has congratulated
them, and in the second one, the community has appraised them.
League of
Extraordinary
Women
In most of the posts the agency is introduced, and they are felt proud of
(Hiller, 2013).
The Story Boxes
Pty Ltd
The community and customers are found to be highly satisfied with the
initiative.

9B CORPORATIONS
The School of
Life
The Company is found to share significant learning experiences in two of
the posts. However, the rest of the posts are unclear (Boyd et al., 2017).
August There is one post, and the message is not clear.
ADAPT by
Design
Te only two posts here reveals about what has been said by the CEO and
the launch of a refreshed platform (Honeyman, 2014).
Bendalls The only two posts are unclear from the community side ("How Investors
Really Feel About B Corps – B the Change", 2017).
Henley Club Here in only one post, the community has invited about protecting and
benefitting the business.
RetailOasis There is only one post where a community replied about loving their
fashion.
Third Spaces
Group
The only one post left is not clear (Kim, Sung & Kang, 2014).
Bright green There have been four posts from the community sides. All of them are
unclear.
Better Life
Mobile
Here in only one post, their plans are praised from the community side (Da
Gbadji, Gailly & Schwienbacher, 2015).
The B Corps are regarded as the triple bottom line business. It has been setting principles for
the performances regarding surroundings and society. The B Corp certifications have been throwing
light on the companies that have been leading to the global movements. This has been including the
individuals who have been using the business as the force for good. Currently, about five hundred
companies throughout the world have been identified for the impacts on society and environment
exceptionally ("B Corporation - Stonyfield", 2017). In every year, the B Lab has been highlighting

10B CORPORATIONS
the Certified B corporations in the community of B Corp going above and below the pursuit of the
positive effect. Every B Corps has been considering the “B Impact Assessment” and meeting the
verified score necessities for becoming certified. In the data analysis, the 20 companies have been
evaluated as per as the effects on the workers, environments, customer, communities and
governance. They have also been meeting the top standards of the transparency and accountability
("An Entrepreneur’s Guide to Going "B"", 2017).
The B Lab is a non-profit organization. They have been responsible for certifying agencies
by the way they generate value for the non-sharing stakeholders. For example, the environment,
local communities and employees are considered here. As the firm crosses a particular threshold of
performance on the dimensions, it has been making the amendments to the corporate charter for
incorporating the interests of every stakeholder ("Becoming a B: What Is The Difference Between a
B Corporation and a Benefit Corporation?", 2017). This has been on the fiduciary duties of the
officers and directors. The steps illustrate that the 20 companies have been following the different
primary philosophy than the conventional corporation of stakeholders.
The recognition of the 20 companies as any B Corp is the way publicly claiming the identity
as the companies have been interested in both the success of the stakeholders and shareholders.
Possessing the clear identification has been helping the firms to communicate the values to the
customers. This has been especially advantageous as the 20 companies claim to be different from the
norms of the industry ("We’re a B Corp", 2017). A study has shown that how the simple non-
confronting identities among those beneficially of the hedge funds have been influencing the capital
allocation decision of the investors. These investors have been rewarding the nonconforming funds
with higher investment after the success in short terms. Further, they have been penalized for the
poor performances.

11B CORPORATIONS
Worker: The relationship with the workforce and the focusing on the entire work environment is
focused on the messages. This also included the health, safety, flexibility, on the creation and
managerial relationships (DesJardins & McCall, 2014).
Customer: The proven ability to generate professional and engaging relationships, attaining great
details and ability to do tasks in the quick-paced scenarios are achieved ("Why Companies Are
Becoming B Corporations", 2017).
Environment: The posts have recognized to create the positive environmental effects. The
companies have earned high environment scores.
Community: The communities of the business leaders are found to come in various shapes and sizes
representing the actual industrial cross-section (Einwiller & Steilen, 2015).
Governance: The B Corp on the assessments on the companies has mostly concerned about
governance practices. Thus the legal necessities beyond the certification had vital implications for
the other functions and board processes of corporate governance.
6. Discussion on the results:
The data analysis has been unique, but the process of an application shows the advantages of
being B Corps certified. There have been various causes for the 20 companies to be approved.
First of all, the analysis showed that the marketing was great. The becoming of B Corp of the
20 companies has proclaimed who they have been and what has been meaningful to the firm. From
the social media posts, the people have aware of the integrity and health of the environment and
humans ("Why Companies Are Becoming B Corporations", 2017). The open-minded partners,

12B CORPORATIONS
prospective employees, partners and customers have been looking at the 20 companies. This has
been helping the familiar people to find the companies.
Next, it is found that not only they were good at marketing but also respecting and sharing
with others. This is good for the business and ecology of the economy that is socially responsible.
Moreover, the posts suggested that it has been making them more turning to be much better. Since
the B Corp certifications have been providing a various set of standards to the 20 companies for
making them better in what they have been already setting out to do ("What are the basic pros and
cons of a B Corp (Benefit Corporation)? - LawTrades", 2017).
Further, the posts proved that they have been supporting and including them in a thriving
moment. The companies have been showing to be deciding the best instead of the shareholders. The
companies proved their dedication in valuing different interests of their stakeholders as much as that
of the shareholders (Wilburn & Wilburn, 2014). Thus the B Corporations has been showing to
enable few protections against the pressure coming from the investors. The 20 companies have made
the shareholders clear to the shareholders from getting going that the bottom line would always
incorporate the profit, planet and people. Thus, there has been no time like the current one to provide
the company with advantages of turning to be a B Corp and they have been not letting the future to
pass by them.
Some of the discussions on the findings that are found from the results are illustrated below.
The pros of 20
companies
Discussion
Being B Corp has been a
useful marketing tool
The organizations have been possessing quick credibility as it came to
the reason that they have been trying to support. Some of the agencies

13B CORPORATIONS
have claimed to be “going green” and “supporting the scenario”. This
is done through various accreditations that might be or might not be a
reality ("8 Pros and Cons of a B Corp - BrandonGaille.com", 2017).
The status of the B Corp has been letting the customers know that the
mission has been taken seriously. Thus the companies could back their
claims with actual proofs.
The companies must use
the built-in perquisites of
B Corp that are needed to
be followed
As there have been various shareholders included in the companies,
the core query regarding the best course of action for supporting has
been time-consuming and stressful (Wilburn & Wilburn, 2015). The
organizations have been delivering the various built-in mechanisms
helping to dictate the path the agencies should undertake. Further,
there have been multiple standards that are needed to be met. Though
the random audits have been utilized for assuring every rule should be
made abide by.
The various ways to get
involved
People supporting the mission of the company have been winding up
contributions that could be tax deductible. Multiple firms on the list
have been qualified for the B Corp status due to the mission has been
maintaining or create the excellent reason under their local
communities ("Is Becoming a B Corp Right for Your Business?",
2017). As all the B Corps has been permitted to gather fundraising,
charge the annual fees and the additional non-profit tasks inviting to
the investors.
Fellowship has been
found on the B Corps
There have been various member resources available to the B Corp
that is allowed to form. The status of the corporation has been

14B CORPORATIONS
sharing resources permitted for the quick networking with the same owners of business.
They have identical goals in the individual local communities
(Worrell, 2016). This has fellowship has allowed sharing in the
advantageous way mutually that the various other corporations have
always been having.
However, some of the things must be reminded of the companies. There have been various
drawbacks found.
The status of B Corp has
been as active as they are
maintained
As the companies have been able to keep their status of B Corp
status through bypassing the random audits. They have been
transparent regarding their mission (Wilburn & Wilburn, 2015). They
have possessed the beneficial experience with the B Corp. In this
case, the loosing of the certification has been argued, and the built-up
network has been destined to be failed.
The accountability though
being a good thing is also
the headache
The decisions made by the B Corp have been hard. The audits have
been allowing the third-part expertise to indulge and reveal that they
have been right or wrong. In few cases, the 20 companies have been
bound to go for the answers that anyone can judge to be inappropriate
("Becoming a B What Is The Difference Between a B Corporation
and a Benefit Corporation?", 2017). One could be making what they
have been thinking to be the most effective decision for the
organization. The 20 companies should me making what they believe
to be the most effective decision of their agency.
The B Corps has not been
the corporation status
Since these twenty companies have been new, this has not been the
process to incorporate which is permitted at every state currently.

15B CORPORATIONS
available everywhere This has not been identified at a national level. However, they require
checking with the local state officials before filing the articles of the
incorporation for seeing as that has been available to them (Hiller,
2013). Further, it is recommended that an S Corp must be needed to
be formed then the transition to the B Corp status must be made
available locally.
There have been no
benefits of corporate tax to
the status
Still, there has been no status of tax-exempt related to the B Corp,
the 20 companies have been going to be liable to pay the same taxes
like any other company. There have been no extra benefits of tax
related to the status (Kim, Sung & Kang, 2014).
Thus the above advantages and disadvantages denote that it has been ultimately beneficial to
the 20 companies qualifying to the structure. The process of qualifying has been complicated.
However, it could also be worthwhile.
7. Limitations and recommendations for the future research:
7.1 Limitations of the research study:
During development of the research study, the researcher comes across various limitations
which provide impact on the structure of research study and data analysis. The limitation of this
study is that primary data analysis is not conducted; only secondary data collection method is used.
Due to limitation of time, the researcher has conducted a cross sectional study. This particular study
has limited the researcher to conduct of detailed analysis along with evaluation of hidden details of
the selected research topic. Due to limitation of the time, the researcher has conducted this study
based on only one social media channel such as Twitter. Further, this study is based on secondary
data sources only.

16B CORPORATIONS
The raw data are collected from the Twitter posts of 20 different companies’ considered
under B corporations. It requires clarification on reliability in addition to validity ("B Informed:
FAQ About "B Corps"", 2017). In order to obtain of data for the purpose of analysis, the researcher
used of secondary data sources which are available from the open sources. This research study is
also provided with limitation of budget which restricts the research scope. Under tight budget, the
researcher limits the study to secondary data only and use of only one social media channel.
7.2 Recommendations of the study:
Following are the recommendations suggested to the organizations for their future
perspective:
Communication plan for stakeholders: Due to rate of changes in project scope and requirements,
there should be a proper communication plan among the project team members and stakeholders.
Within the communication of stakeholders, recognition of target audiences is most important. There
should be team collaboration among them to support the research work. As communication is most
important within the organization, therefore weekly meeting should be conducted. The organization
can identify if the posts will help them in improving their business as per customer’s demands in
addition to requirements.
Improvement plan: The organization should require of improvement plan to develop the internal
operations of their business. Free guides of practices should help to implement it. When the
organization identifies their business issues, then improvement plan is being implemented for
mitigating the issues. When the organization is able to improve their internal business operations,
then the organization should able to gain future importance. From the past posts of Twitter on 20
organizations, all the organization can able to identify their faults, areas of issues which they will

17B CORPORATIONS
recover based on customer’s feedback. The organization can gain of profitability as well as fulfill the
stakeholder’s objectives by the organizational improvement plan.
8. Conclusion:
It is concluded that entire research study is based on analyzing the posts from the Twitter of
twenty different organizations. This paper evaluates the governance sector such as overall simplicity,
responsibility, and ethics in addition to mission. The division of the worker demonstrated that the
contribution of the organizations includes of benefits, compensation, safety, ownership and job
flexibility. It is observed that the social media emerges the platform to promote of organizational
practices along with interaction with the customers within the marketplace. Social media channels
are used to gain of competitive advantage within the market. Corporate social responsibility provides
better images into the market. Therefore, the social media provides the organization to achieve of
competitive advantage into the marketplace with impact the community a lot. This entire research
study is based on secondary data sources means the data are collected from the Twitter posts of
various organizations. The study provides various dimensions with wider view of the practices of the
B Corporations within both Australia and New Zealand. Various platforms are identified along with
impact of the social media on selected organizations. The organization is incorporated of triple
bottom line of the business model with providing of equal significance to the corporate social
responsibility as the initial bottom line of the selected organization.

18B CORPORATIONS
References:
8 Pros and Cons of a B Corp - BrandonGaille.com. (2017). BrandonGaille.com. Retrieved 25
November 2017, from https://brandongaille.com/8-pros-and-cons-of-a-b-corp/
An Entrepreneur’s Guide to Going "B". (2017). The Center for Business and the Environment at
Yale. Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://cbey.yale.edu/programs-research/an-
entrepreneur%E2%80%99s-guide-to-going-b
B Corp » SustainAbility. (2017). SustainAbility. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from
http://sustainability.com/who-we-are/b-corp/
B Corporation - Stonyfield. (2017). Stonyfield. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from
http://www.stonyfield.com/bcorp
B Corporation. (2017). Hovione. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from
http://www.hovione.com/about-hovione/corporate-responsibility-and-sustainability/b-
corporation
B Informed: FAQ About "B Corps". (2017). Smithmoorelaw.com. Retrieved 25 November 2017,
from http://www.smithmoorelaw.com/bcorpfaq
Becoming a B: What Is The Difference Between a B Corporation and a Benefit Corporation?.
(2017). Csrwire.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from
http://www.csrwire.com/blog/posts/496-becoming-a-b-what-is-the-difference-between-a-b-
corporation-and-a-benefit-corporation

19B CORPORATIONS
Boyd, B., Henning, N., Reyna, E., Wang, D., Welch, M., & Hoffman, A. J. (2017). Hybrid
organizations: New business models for environmental leadership. Routledge. [Access date:
18th November, 2017]
Burgess, S., Dudbridge, F., & Thompson, S. G. (2016). Combining information on multiple
instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization: comparison of allele score and
summarized data methods. Statistics in medicine, 35(11), 1880-1906.
Cao, G., Wang, S., Hwang, M., Padmanabhan, A., Zhang, Z., & Soltani, K. (2015). A scalable
framework for spatiotemporal analysis of location-based social media data. Computers,
Environment and Urban Systems, 51, 70-82.
Da Gbadji, L. A. G., Gailly, B., & Schwienbacher, A. (2015). International analysis of venture
capital programs of large corporations and financial institutions. Entrepreneurship Theory
and Practice, 39(5), 1213-1245. [Access date: 18th November, 2017]
Dang, H. A., Lanjouw, P. F., & Serajuddin, U. (2014). Updating poverty estimates at frequent
intervals in the absence of consumption data: methods and illustration with reference to a
middle-income country.
DesJardins, J. R., & McCall, J. J. (2014). Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning.
[Access date: 18th November, 2017]
Einwiller, S. A., & Steilen, S. (2015). Handling complaints on social network sites–An analysis of
complaints and complaint responses on Facebook and Twitter pages of large US
companies. Public Relations Review, 41(2), 195-204. [Access date: 18th November, 2017]

20B CORPORATIONS
Gao, Z., House, L. A., & Xie, J. (2016). Online Survey Data Quality and Its Implication for
Willingness‐to‐Pay: A Cross‐Country Comparison. Canadian Journal of Agricultural
Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 64(2), 199-221.
Garcia, M. L. V. (2016). Governance and value creation in hybrid organisations: a comparative case
study of Sistema B and B Corps in Brazil (Doctoral dissertation, FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO
VARGAS). [Access date: 18th November, 2017]
Hiller, J. S. (2013). The benefit corporation and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business
Ethics, 118(2), 287-301. [Access date: 18th November, 2017]
How Investors Really Feel About B Corps – B the Change. (2017). B the Change. Retrieved 20
November 2017, from https://bthechange.com/how-investors-really-feel-about-b-corps-
7dcf7988a6e3
Is Becoming a B Corp Right for Your Business?. (2017). OPEN Forum. Retrieved 25 November
2017, from https://www.americanexpress.com/us/small-business/openforum/articles/
considered-becoming-b-corp/
Kim, E., Sung, Y., & Kang, H. (2014). Brand followers’ retweeting behavior on Twitter: How brand
relationships influence brand electronic word-of-mouth. Computers in Human Behavior, 37,
18-25. [Access date: 18th November, 2017]
Liamputtong, P. (2013). Qualitative research methods.
Mather, P., & Tso, B. (2016). Classification methods for remotely sensed data. CRC press.
Meeker, W. Q., & Escobar, L. A. (2014). Statistical methods for reliability data. John Wiley & Sons.

21B CORPORATIONS
Miles, M., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook.
Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks, CA.
Nicholas, A. J., & Sacco, S. (2016). People, Planet, Profit: Benefit and B Certified Corporations-
Comprehension and Outlook of Business Students. Academy of Business Research
Journal, 3, 18. [Access date: 19th November, 2017]
Ott, R. L., & Longnecker, M. T. (2015). An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis.
Nelson Education.
Reed, O. L., Shedd, P. J., Morehead, J. W., Pagnattaro, M. A., & Cahoy, D. R. (2013). The legal and
regulatory environment of business (p. 328). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Schabenberger, O., & Gotway, C. A. (2017). Statistical methods for spatial data analysis. CRC press.
Supancic, J. S., Rogez, G., Yang, Y., Shotton, J., & Ramanan, D. (2015). Depth-based hand pose
estimation: data, methods, and challenges. In Proceedings of the IEEE international
conference on computer vision (pp. 1868-1876).
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A
guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
The benefits of B Corp status. (2017). Mainebiz. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from
http://www.mainebiz.biz/article/20170612/CURRENTEDITION/306079992/the-benefits-of-
b-corp-status
We’re a B Corp. (2017). BDC. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from https://www.bdc.ca/en/about/b-
corp/pages/default.aspx