University Report: Batteries and Wireless Charging for Electric Cars

This report delves into the crucial intersection of battery technology and wireless charging systems within the electric vehicle (EV) sector. It defines the significance of EVs in the context of environmental sustainability and energy efficiency, contrasting them with traditional internal combustion engines and highlighting the flexibility challenges associated with EV charging. The report explores the benefits of wireless power transfer (WPT), including its cost-effectiveness, convenience, and potential to eliminate charging hazards. It examines key themes such as dynamic charging, contactless power transfer, and inductive power transfer, explaining the principles and applications of each. The report addresses the question of how wireless charging and batteries can be used in EVs, presenting findings on the efficiency, ease of use, and convenience of dynamic charging. It also discusses the role of WPT in the automotive industry, emphasizing its customer-centric benefits and the move away from complex wired charging systems. Furthermore, the report includes a literature review that analyzes various research papers related to wireless charging and battery technologies, offering insights into the current state of the art and identifying gaps for future research.

Running head: BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Batteries and Wireless Charging For Electric Cars
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

1BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Definition.....................................................................................................................................3
Importance...................................................................................................................................3
Themes:........................................................................................................................................3
Question:......................................................................................................................................4
Findings:.......................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................5
Reference List..................................................................................................................................7
Mind Map........................................................................................................................................9
Literature Planner..........................................................................................................................10

2BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Introduction
Definition
Environment and energy have been playing important roles in the electric transportation
system. Electric vehicles have high flexibility and charging is not easy for them. EVs keep high
battery backup as storage for electricity to operate in a long distance. As stated by Vaka and
Keshri (2017), the wireless power transfer can alienate charging system and its battery capacity
is less than the storage system.
Importance
An internal combustion engine can run swiftly in case of a long way, however, EV needs
high power battery efficiency. This high power battery can be expensive for use; however
wireless charging system can be cost effective for energy use and gasoline-powered vehicles.
Battery needs a charging system and plug-in methods, wireless charging can be beneficial for
this. Charging cables can also bring hazards, however, in WPT, drivers just need to park their
cars near a charging station and dynamic WPT will charge the cars (Li and Mi 2015). This
wireless battery charging provides 20%more battery back-up than conductive charging. Of late,
the wireless charging generates high demand in the market and researchers are working out with
magnetic resonance theory. Magnetic coupler design is important in sending the wireless power
and it is of two types, primary coupler and pick up coupler.
Themes:
Dynamic charging: Dynamic charging is a way to provide charging to the EV during
driving and it can provide solutions to the range anxiety while driving. In dynamic charging,

3BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
there are two kinds of the magnetic coupler, one is long track coupler and other is narrow-width
track coupler. With the use of narrow track design, construction cost can be decreased. In
designing the track, pickup coil can cover only a little portion (Maglaras et al. 2014).
Contactless power transfer: Contactless power transfer is a wireless process that can be
transmitted electrical energy to the electrical devices. In case of EVs, the wireless power supply
can be categorised into two, radiative and non-radiative. Moreover, in using of non-radiative
techniques, power can be transmitted through magnetic fields by inductive coupling to wires and
coils (Qui et al. 2014).
Inductive power transfer: The principle of using the inductive power transmission is
depended on the transmitting coil with another receiver coil. Two coils are coupled through
magnetic inductors which induce through voltage. According to Miller et al. (2014), the more
coupling will be efficient, the more the power transfer will be convenient. The distance between
ratio inductors may determine the coupling strength and it can be depended on the shape and size
of coils.
In-motion wireless charging: Wireless Power transfer can be described as safe and
convenient. It is an autonomous way of charging the vehicles as it does not require bulky
charging system to carry in EVs. In-motion wireless charging helps to reduce the battery shape
and increases the battery life as a whole.
Question:
What are the ways to use wireless charging and battery in Electrical vehicles?

4BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Findings:
Wireless charging is the future of WPT and it can be used by dynamic charging. This technique
is efficient, easy-to-use and convenient charging method for giving charge to the EV. This
technique is helpful in the automotive industry with the beneficence of resonant magnetic
induction procedure for using energy wirelessly. WPT involves disciplines of magnetic supply of
energy and power electronics with the use of mechanical engineering and communication.
However, a magnetic field is related to low density and high frequency. Circuit analysis is
important with an analytical approach to the finite element methods. Electrification is important
in transportation as it important that it cannot be avoided due to energy-related issue. Wireless
charging and battery is not only the concept of charging the vehicles but also it is a customer-
centric operation in a daily based worked. Further, wireless system provides the benefits of
recharging in the parking space. It provides the advantage in charging the battery in a consistent
way without the complex system. The users need to have the plugs, cables; adaptors and it can
multiply the charging facility with gadgets. The system of little and often charging system days
are gone and the people are using this in forefront trends. An EV can be charged at anywhere and
it cannot be possible at wired charging (Yilmiz and Krein 2013)). Vehicles to grid power transfer
are becoming popular with bi-directional converters that have inductive links. It is important to
have the converters and controllers intact with the presence of coils and wires from AC supply of
energy.
Conclusion
Different technologies can be taken to use of wireless power transfer to the EVs, however
inductive power supply with magnetic use can be helpful and it is cost effective. Coils and wires
can be used to improve the efficiency. Various types of compensation topologies can be used that

5BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
may increase the performance indexes. Using of wireless charging is nowadays is important as it
provides relief from the burden of equipment with promoting the green energy. Moreover,
conducting charging is related to the use of cables and wire, wireless charging is the new trend in
the automotive industry.

6BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Reference List
Berger, A., Agostinelli, M., Vesti, S., Oliver, J.A., Cobos, J.A. and Huemer, M., 2015. A
wireless charging system applying phase-shift and amplitude control to maximize efficiency and
extractable power. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(11), pp.6338-6348.
Kim, B.C., Kim, K.Y., Ramachandra, S., Khandelwal, A. and Lee, B.H., 2015, September.
Wireless lithium-ion battery charging platform with adaptive multi-phase rapid-charging
strategy. In Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2015 IEEE (pp. 3087-3091).
IEEE.
Li, S. and Mi, C.C., 2015. Wireless power transfer for electric vehicle applications. IEEE journal
of emerging and selected topics in power electronics, 3(1), pp.4-17.
Lukic, S. and Pantic, Z., 2013. Cutting the cord: Static and dynamic inductive wireless charging
of electric vehicles. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 1(1), pp.57-64.
Maglaras, L.A., Jiang, J., Maglaras, A., Topalis, F.V. and Moschoyiannis, S., Dynamic wireless
charging of electric vehicles on the move with Mobile Energy Disseminators.
Miller, J.M., Onar, O.C., White, C., Campbell, S., Coomer, C., Seiber, L., Sepe, R. and Steyerl,
A., 2014. Demonstrating dynamic wireless charging of an electric vehicle: The benefit of
electrochemical capacitor smoothing. IEEE Power Electronics Magazine, 1(1), pp.12-24.
Miller, J.M., Onar, O.C., White, C., Campbell, S., Coomer, C., Seiber, L., Sepe, R. and Steyerl,
A., 2014. Demonstrating dynamic wireless charging of an electric vehicle: The benefit of
electrochemical capacitor smoothing. IEEE Power Electronics Magazine, 1(1), pp.12-24.

7BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Qiu, C., KT, C., Ching, T.W. and Liu, C., 2014. Overview of wireless charging technologies for
electric vehicles. Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles, 12(1), pp.1679-1685.
Vaka, R. and Keshri, R.K., 2017. Review on Contactless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle
Charging. Energies, 10(5), p.636.
Yilmaz, M. and Krein, P.T., 2013. Review of battery charger topologies, charging power levels,
and infrastructure for plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power
Electronics, 28(5), pp.2151-2169.

8BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Mind Map
Wireless Power
Transfer
Electric Vehicles
Vehicular
communication
Efficiency
Wireless
transfer
Misaligned
toleranceSafety
guidelines
Long track
coupler Inductive
power transferCooperative
mechanism
LTE
Combustion
engine
In-motion
coupler design
Conductive
charging
Dynamic
charging
Local power
storage
Magnetic transfer
Stationary
charging
Coupled
magnetic
resonance
Integrated
power

9BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Literature Planner
Reference Number: 1
Title of Article: Review on Contactless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle charging
Authors: Ravikaran Vaka and Ritesh Keshri
Publication: Energies MDPI
Type: Journal
Year Published: 2017 Number of citations: 124
Primary or Secondary: Secondary
Publication Rating: N/A
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
What are the main obstacles in CPT in low-power efficiency, misaligned tolerance, cost and
charging time?
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
Contactless Power transfer, Electric vehicles, efficiency, misaligned tolerance
Design: Experimental
What was the finding?
In this article, the review has been made on contactless power transfer on EV charging. In addition,
different CPT technologies are explained with explanation with techniques of inductive power
transfer. Authors explained that compensation is necessary with equivalence reactance from
transmitting side and receiving side. Compensation topology is discussed with T type structure and
has been justified with asymmetrical coils.
What were the gaps?

10BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Most of the studies talk about Electrical vehicles, however, this article states about future of
transportation with contactless power transportation of hybrid EVs and pure EVs. High-energy
density creates through equivalent static resistance. This study talks about photovoltaic installation.

11BATTERIES AND WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Reference Number: 2
Title of Article: Wireless power transfer for Electric vehicle Application
Authors: Siqi Li
Publication: IEEE Journal of emerging and selected topic in power electronics
Type: Journal
Year Published: 2015 Number of citations: 120
Primary or Secondary: Secondary
Publication Rating: N/A
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
How to apply for Wireless Power Transfer in electric vehicle application?
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
Some of the topics discussed in the article are dynamic charging, electric vehicle, wireless power
transfer, safety guidelines, inductive power transfer, stationary charging
Design: Experimental
What was the finding?
Many government initiatives and for common people, EV is not the better option. Electric storage
technology is a reason behind the issue in power supply to a vehicle. In this case, wireless power
supply through battery can be helpful to the cars which can make the issue without trouble.
What were the gaps?
In recent time, market demand for wireless power supply is huge and the author took it in correct
way through makes it as conductive charging. Power electronic device is used for charging the
vehicles that could make the vehicles reasonable.