A Detailed Report on the Benefits of a Healthy Pregnancy Diet

This report delves into the crucial role of a healthy diet during pregnancy, emphasizing its impact on both the mother and the developing fetus. It begins by defining health and highlighting the significance of nutritious food in preventing non-communicable diseases. The report underscores that a balanced diet, rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals, and whole grains, is essential for a healthy pregnancy, promoting the baby's brain development, healthy weight, and reducing the risk of birth defects. It discusses the rationale behind the research, focusing on the importance of micronutrients and the need for extra calories. The report addresses the main problem statement, which is the adverse effects of an unhealthy diet, such as increased cholesterol, blood sugar, and the risk of gestational diabetes. It outlines the organization of the research, emphasizing the aims and objectives, including identifying the importance of a healthy diet, evaluating recipes, and examining ways to maintain health in pregnant women. The report also details the foods that are most important during pregnancy, including dairy products, and emphasizes the importance of prenatal vitamins, avoiding bad habits, exercising, and maintaining a balanced diet. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of a healthy pregnancy diet, making it a valuable resource for expectant mothers and students alike.

The Benefits Of A Healthy
Pregnancy Diet

Table of Contents
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1
General Background of the Research Study...........................................................................1
Rationale of the Research Work.............................................................................................1
Main Problem Statement........................................................................................................2
Manner of Organization of the Research Work.....................................................................3
Summary.................................................................................................................................3
Aims and objectives.........................................................................................................................3
Why healthy diet important in pregnancy?............................................................................3
What is the importance of healthy diet?.................................................................................4
What pregnant women have to do in pregnancy?..................................................................4
Which food are most important in pregnancy?......................................................................5
Explain one best recipe for pregnant lady which is full of nutrients and vitamins?..............6
What benefits get from healthy diet? .....................................................................................6
Outline of the project ......................................................................................................................8
Project Timeline- Gantt chart...........................................................................................................9
Leadership and Change Management Theories and Models...........................................................9
Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................................................17

Introduction
The term “Health” defines the condition of overall mental, physical as well as social well
being of an individual. An absence of any illness or disease may be also related to good health by
being healthy physically, mentally as well as socially is refers to a healthy person. For keeping
an individual healthy they must rely on healthy diet. For protecting a person from non
communicable disorders like cancer, diabetes it is necessary to have healthy food filled with
nutrients and minerals (LISA, 2019). A woman's health especially when they are pregnant should
be kept safe and sound for keeping the baby healthy. Eating nutritious and healthy food during
pregnancy is directly connected to a healthy weight of a baby, good brain evolution of foetus and
reduced risk of birth related defects. A balanced as well as proportionate diet lessen the morning
sickness of the women during pregnancy and also lower the symptoms and signs which usually
make the pregnancy unpleasant and bitter. Good and balanced diet is believed to control the
mood swings in pregnant women and improve the experience of delivery as well as labour.
General Background of the Research Study
The benefits of healthy diet in pregnancy is immense and improve the pre as well as post
health status of pregnant women overall. However, it has been seen that healthy diet is an
integral part of flourishing lifestyle every time, but very essential and necessary during
pregnancy. A balanced and complete diet having all important components that need to be added
in the diet of pregnant women must includes protein, calcium, vitamins especially C, whole
grains, vegetables and fruits, folic acid, iron rich items, adequate fat containing food. Such food
aids in keeping the mother as well as the child safe and healthy throughout the pregnancy and
after the delivery (Costa and et.al., 2018). Food which have high content of fat, sugar and salt
must be avoided as it may contribute in gaining too much weight and may lead to tooth decay.
Proper diet lowers the complications which may cause during the pregnancy and also reduce the
probability of getting birth defects in the baby.
Rationale of the Research Work
In the rationale research the benefits of healthy diet in pregnancy is important because
eating a nutritive diet in the duration pregnancy is associated with a good development of
craniate brain, a healthy weight of birth infant, it reduces the risk of many birth disadvantages. A
good nutrition is thought process in help to balance their mood swings and it might be modify
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delivery and labour as well. A well balanced pregnancy diet consider as protein. During
pregnancy a woman micronutrient like vitamin and and minerals and micronutrient is energy,
these demand are raised. It is more essential that a pregnant women consumes food which gives
energy to both baby and mother. Moreover, a particular types of micronutrients which are
beneficial for maintaining their growing baby health in foetus (Gaskins and Chavarro, 2018).
Approximately three hundred extra calories are needful daily to keep and maintain a
health in pregnancy. These type of calories should come from a proper balanced diet of fruits,
vegetables, a multigrain, diet of protein with fats, sweets which is kept to a minimum. It
minimize some symptoms during pregnancy for example constipation, nausea etc. By healthy
diet it is beneficial for a pregnant because it occur less complications, increased energy,
successful fetal development, improved sleep, reduced risk of getting sick etc.
The purpose of this research is dieting to lose weight during pregnancy can be risky to
mother and baby. Healthy diet keep nutritious to baby and mother, they should consume fruits
and vegetables, whole grain and cereals, meat, poultry, alternative and fish, fruit and drink lots of
water stay hydrated. Because it will maintain healthy and growth for baby and mother.
Main Problem Statement
This main problem statement in this research of benefits of a healthy pregnancy diet.
Mothers who eat an unhealthy diet in the gestation period may be putting their infant at
hazardous of developing long term, irreversible health issues consider as raised level of
cholesterol and blood sugar, obesity (Cid and González, 2016). If mother consume junk and
unhygienic diets had increase the level of cholesterol and higher level of triglycerides. A type of
fat found in the bloodstream. Both are famous to the risk of developing heart diseases. Similarly,
the offspring had higher level of glucose and insulin , both are raise and developing of diabetes.
By diet, sometime weight is gain during pregnancy. It is normal but essential for the
health of baby and mother. Its also crucial not to gain too much weight. Increasing weight
increase during this time can enhance the risk of a amount of health problems mainly gestational
diabetes.
In gestation period of time, their necessity for raise iron in body. Its because the
developing foetus draws iron. If iron looses are reduced in pregnancy, because the women is no
longer menstruating. It is not sufficient to offset the needs of the developing foetus. It is
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important for pregnant women to consume iron rich foods every day, such as chicken, green
leafy vegetables, dried beans and lentils, seafood etc. Iodine and pregnancy is also a problem
statement if it will low. It is an essential mineral needful for improvement and growth. If mother
don't have adequate iodine consume during maternity, it enhance the hazard of intellectual
alteration and congenital hypothyroidism.
Manner of Organization of the Research Work
The way of organising the research work is to identify the prime path so as to complete
the task by achieving the aims and objectives. The way of such organised research work is being
illustrated below.
Summary
The term “Health” has been considered as the condition of overall mental, physical as
well as social well being of an individual. A woman's wellness particularly when they are
pregnant must be kept risk-free and secure for keeping the baby firm and healthy. It has been
showed that flourishing diet is an integral part of healthy lifestyle every time, but very essential
and necessary during pregnancy. The welfare of healthy diet in pregnancy is essential because
consuming a nutritive diet in the time period of pregnancy is connected with a groovy evolution
of craniate brain, a firm weight of birth infant which overall bring down the endangerment of
birth defects.
Aims and objectives
The aim of this study is “To analyse the importance of health diet in pregnancy and its
benefits”.
Research objectives
 To identify the importance of health diet.
 To evaluate the recipes and food for improving healthy diet in pregnancy.
 To examine the ways of maintaining health in pregnant women.
Why healthy diet important in pregnancy?
The nutritional and mineral status of the women during the pregnancy depends upon the
content of the food item they eat which actually refers to as a nutritional reservoir for the
growing foetus inside the mother. The content of iron and calcium which is already being built in
the body of pregnant lady from the consumption of medicines and food containing such
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micronutrients. Unbalanced maternal diet plays a negative role and leads to poor development of
baby which further raise the risk of baby's instant death or chronic illness.
The health of foetus and susceptibility to some disorders other than genetic elements are
mostly affected by the nutritional content and status of the mother during the pregnancy (Milman
and et.al., 2016). It has been observed that whatever mother eat during the pregnancy relates with
the foetal programming, and due to this practice the baby learns the eating habits which further
affects the choice of child for rest of its life. The foetus have been seen to accommodate its
metabolism according to the type of nutrition it gets during the course of the pregnancy. It may
be seen that the foetus remain under nourished if it does not acquire enough energy from the
mother. This may happen due to very less consumption of sugary food which ultimately results
in lowering down the maturity of the foetus and danger of less birth weight.
What is the importance of healthy diet?
Good nutrition and balanced diet is the most important way of living secure and healthy
life. The diet can help an individual to lower the risk of getting number of diseases and remain
healthy in old age too. It has been observed that weight is not related to healthiness. People with
healthy weight often associated with poor diet as these individuals are more relied on junk and
fat providing food rather than on food which has balanced content of every micro as well as
macro nutrients. Poor diet often cause prolonged disorders and may even cause death, the
diseases may include hypertension, heart diseases, osteoporosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes and high
blood pressure (Aamir, 2016). By eating balanced diet food an individual can protect themselves
from having such health related condition and improve their quality of living. Healthy diet must
have combination of various food items which may consist of cereals, legumes, food items form
animal sources, fruits as well as vegetables.
What pregnant women have to do in pregnancy?
The pregnancy is a very important stage in the women's life. This stage brings the lots of
changes in the body such as hormonal changes, mood swings, etc. So, there are lots of things are
necessary to do at the time of pregnancy as this brings the positive impact on both mother and
baby and this things are described below.
Prenatal vitamin:- The intake of supplements is vital part of a mother life. This helps in
the development of both mother and baby. The essential vitamins includes the folic acid, vitamin
D on a regular basis so it can prevent the baby and as well as mother from any disease.
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Quieting bad habits:- The quieting of bad habits is important to prevent any miscarriage
or from any complications. So, at the time of pregnancy the mother should quiet the use of
smokes, alcohols and other substance which can cause the adverse effect on body.
Daily exercise:- A good exercise habit leads to a healthy life so the mother needs to do
proper exercise on a daily basis to remain active through out the day (Tryggvadottir and et.al.,
2016). The daily exercise can reduce the risk of weight gain.
Balanced diet:- The balance diet is necessary in the stage of pregnancy as it provides the
energy to mother. So, the women need to take a full and proper balanced diet in the all
trimesters.
Which food are most important in pregnancy?
A pregnant women drink and eats in the duration of pregnancy is the major source of
nourishment for baby. So the doctors recommend that a mothers to be diet should consider as
variety of healthy beverages and foods to giving the essential nutrients that is needful for a
development and growth of infant. It will also make it easier to lose the pregnancy weight after
given birth. There are several nutritious foods that can eat in pregnancy are:
Dairy products- During pregnancy, mother want to take in excess protein and calcium to
just the needs of increasing fetus. Dairy products comprise two type of protein that is whey and
casein. It is the best dietetic informant of calcium as well as provide high amount of vitamin B,
zinc and magnesium.
Fruits and Vegetables- It may be in the from of dried canned, fresh, frozen, juice etc.
Frozen and fresh produce normally have high plane of vitamins and some other nutritious food.
To eating fruit is generally better for pregnant women than just drinking the juice. A sugar
quantity in juice is very high (Malek and et.al., 2017). View vegetables juices like beetroot,
wheatgrass, carrot, tomato for the dense nutrition.
Eggs- It is ultimate food for health, as they incorporate a little bit of almost every nutrient
they need. It has great source of choline, because it is very important for many processes in
body, including development of brain and health.
Fish Liver Oil- It is made from oily liver of fish, most frequent cod. It consist very high
in vitamin D and beneficial for those who don't eat regularly seafood or supplement with omega-
3.
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Explain one best recipe for pregnant lady which is full of nutrients and vitamins?
The pregnant lady has to add each and every nutrients and vitamins in their diet so as to
provide the growing foetus with all necessary elements which are required for proper maturity
and organ development. Various plant as well as animal sources has been identified which can be
used as a chief way of getting essential nutrients and minerals in mother as well as in the baby
(Martin and et. al., 2016). Chicken and tomato pasta may be considered as the most nutritional
and delicious food item which can be added in the menu or in the diet chart of the pregnant lady.
Chicken which is majorly present in the recipe contains pyridoxine which aids in
lowering the morning sickness and also assist in forming red blood cells which lower the
possibility of occurring anaemia in the mother. Tomato consist of vitamin C which act as an
antioxidant and aids in safeguarding the tissues from external harm and also tends to increase the
absorption power of body towards iron. The vegetable oil used in making the recipe renders
vitamin E which aids in forming muscles of body and keep up the count of red blood cell. More
vegetable may be added in the recipe to make the food more rich in vitamins and minerals.
What benefits get from healthy diet?
A healthy diet consist of range of vegetables and fruits which contain proteins, adequate
amount of fats, starch, good fat, whole grains and right amount of sugar. By taking balanced diet
people can reduce their weight and may overcome the risk factors associated with obesity.
Various vegetables and fruits containing fibres have less calories than other processed packed
food, thus relying more on such food items result in lowering down the weight.
It has been evidenced that the diet including fibres, fruits and vegetables has
phytochemicals which actually secure the body cells from causing cancer, due to such practice
the risk of getting cancer is also decreased. Healthy diet also manage the diabetes by controlling
the glucose level in the blood (Grobler, Visser and Siegfried, 2019). Relying on such healthy
habits prevent from strokes and heart diseases. There are some food like almonds, hazelnuts,
peanuts, leafy vegetables which contain vitamin E that further prevent in forming clots in the
blood and lower the case of heart attacks. The items rich in calcium like dairy products, legumes,
broccoli, fish keep the bones and muscles strong and effective, thus prevent in acquiring
osteoporosis. Healthful diet have been observed to improve the retaining power of the memory,
such food are rich in omega-3, flavonoids, fish, polyphenols and vitamin D, E, C.
Justification
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The major key points to justify to conducting this research is that it can provide the
benefit of diet in the pregnancy. With the help of research, the issues can be measure across the
world. The healthy diet in pregnancy is must necessary as it provides the energy to the mother.
The consumption of healthy diet is necessary from the starting phase of pregnancy. A women
should understand the importance of a health diet on a daily basis (Tyree, Baker and
Weatherspoon, 2012). As the lots of risk can be developed from the unhealthy diet such as
complications, miscarriage, reduce in the growth of baby, etc. The measures are must initiated to
analyse the effects of diet. This kind of assignment increase the changes in the thinking of
women and on their surroundings people. So, that the people can aware about the pros and cons
of pregnancy and can take steps to prevent from consequences.
A healthy diet helps both the women and baby during this phase. It has been justified
from the above statement is that it is easier to understand the benefits in pregnancy as it is the
most important stage in a pregnant women. It helps the women in understanding the diet menu of
a pregnant women that what should she eat. It also reflect the understanding of diet before the
pregnancy in which the women start planning to having their child. As the diet also necessary
before the pregnancy because it provides the inner strength to the body which help the mother in
conceiving the child. The determination of this assignment can help the in providing the
understanding of diet among organisation so that they can help the pregnant women effectively.
It is helpful in understanding the healthy diet if a pregnant women doesn't able to intake. This is
a justified assignment as it helps the various workers to collaborate with pregnant women so that
they can achieve the better health of women (Cleary and et. al., 2014). The healthy diet includes
all essential requirements such as macro-nutrients and micronutrient which help in the pregnancy
in all trimesters.
So, this is a justified research as it helps in the understanding of diet in pregnancy better.
It can help in the control of various factors includes risk factors which can develop from the
intake of insufficient diet. This can help to promote the health before and at the time of
pregnancy across the world.
Outline of the project
This project work has been clarified by specify to provide the overview of major
measures that are must be taken to initiate the approaches of healthy diet across the world. This
project has stated the various benefits of healthy diet in a planned manner. The objective of this
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project is to promote the benefits of healthy diet to the all mother who are at their pregnant stage
and who are planning for conceiving. The main problem of this research is to provide the
benefits of healthy diet to the all people including those who are nearer to the pregnant women
(Zhou and et. al., 2019). As there are many risk factors at the stage of pregnancy such as
complication at the time of delivery, miscarriage, etc. This risk factors affect both mother and
women as it can also bring risk to the developing foetus. So, with the help of this research the
risk factors can be prevented and helps the women to attain a healthy life.
The aims and objective of the project is here to clarify the major points of healthy diet in
pregnancy. In this, the general background of the research also stated which clarifies the benefits
of healthy diet. It also provides the information about the changes in the hormones of a pregnant
women that how a unhealthy diet can affect in the gestation period by developing the danger
factor. This factors are of various types such as changes in blood pressure and other risk factors.
It also assist if a pregnant women consume the junk food at the higher level then it increase the
level of cholesterol in the body which can cause the adverse impact of disease on the developing
foetus. The main aim of the task is to analyse the importance and benefits in the pregnancy
across the world. It also includes the research on how a diet can be benefited to the pregnant
women and in what ways it can provide profited to a pregnant women life.
With this, it also includes the measures of recipes and food which can help in the
improving the healthy diet in pregnancy. As each and every food has their specific role in
providing the nutrient so from this it can be easier to understand the specific food products which
can promote the health of pregnant women (Hale, 2014). There are lots of ways which can be use
to maintain the health of pregnant women which includes proper and regular exercise, intake of
prenatal vitamins, etc. Moreover, it can help in the promoting health of pregnant women by
identify the risk factor of bad habits that can be a cause of various risk factors. The measures of
maintaining health can be achieve through by research.
The complete research provide the idea to readers that what precautions are must needed
to take at the time of pregnancy. This also provide the positive and negative impact of healthy
and unhealthy diet during pregnancy. The Gantt chart also provided in this project which is a
timeline of project to provide the simplicity of the project to read and understand in a long term.
The justification are also given in this project which provides the positive impact of healthy diet
in pregnancy. It also includes the positive outcome of research which can successfully help the
8

mother and baby to prevent from hazard challenges. The proper conclusions and
recommendations also given in this project which helps the reader to understand the key points
of benefits of healthy diet in pregnancy in a better way (Hibbard, 2015). This research project
work has planned in a systematic way to maximize the value of healthy diet on a daily basis in a
pregnant women life.
Project Timeline- Gantt chart
The overall tasks has been presented in the form of Gantt Chart.
Major Research-based Activities Week
One
Week
Two
Week
Three
Week
Four
Week
Five
Determinants of major aspects of the
research topic
✓
Clarification of research aims, objectives
and task outlines
✓
Selection of data procurement
Methodology and clarification of
justification
✓
Gain of essential information ✓ ✓
Analysis of information and theories ✓ ✓
Development of proper and decisive
conclusion
✓ ✓
Clarification of relevant
recommendations
✓ ✓
Completion of the task ✓ ✓
Table 1: Gantt Chart (Timeline of the Task)
(Source: Created By Self)
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Leadership and Change Management Theories and Models
The leadership theories which desire to explain why and how definite individuals that
become leaders. These type of theories frequently focus on the distinctive of leaders, but some
attempt to recognise the behaviours which person can adopt to improve their own capabilities of
leadership in various kinds of conditions. Beforehand, debates on the psychology of leadership
rarely advisable that such accomplishment were only cognition that individuals were born with
this. In different word, these theories proposed that convinced person s were merely born leaders.
Moreover, some more latest hypothesis suggest that definite feature traits might assist to create
nature of persons, but on that situational and experience changeable also play a important role
(Lindsay and et. al., 2016).
A number of various kind of leadership possibility have been acquaints to explicate
precisely that why and how most of persons get on great leaders. The certain personality traits
make person better who are suited to the roles of leadership as well as symptomatic of the
condition make it much liable.
In leadership some persons have long been fascinated end-to-end history of humans, but
its only been comparatively currently that a number of conventional leading concept have
appeared. The interest in the leading status in the time period enhanced the primal portion of
twentieth century. The early leadership theories centred on qualities imposed between followers
and leaders. While consequent content looked at variety of protean for example situational
component and level of skill.
There are some leadership theories which can be classified as in different types are as
follows:
Great Man Theory- This theory was given by Thomas Carlyle 19th century. It put idea
that worlds history is nothing more than a accumulation of life history belonging to the Great
Man. One of the advance impression of leadership, which is stills well known in definite areas is
that leadership is an inborn choice. This theory maintain that leaders in great leader and generic
in specific are born and not developed (Mathiesen and et. al., 2016). It reported to this theory,
the leadership calls for confident qualities such as aggressiveness, intelligence, courage,
judgement, high degree of intuition, commanding personality, persuasiveness, charm as well as
action orientation which are so much a nature which they cant learnt or taught in formal way.
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They were not pot-trained in leadership nor adopt any skills of leadership in their living
for example most of type of acquisition were natural to them. On the other hand, there were
something in their personality, physiology, anatomy that is marked to them out from the common
and normal aggregation of finite mortals. They had an spontaneous desire to expect leadership
and had an innate will to get success and greatness. Some persons inverted to them inherent
aptitude for the inspiration, support and solace.
Moreover, expression of the possibilities in which leaders are born and not to made are as
follows:
 Everyone cant plan to become a leader a well as to accomplish greatness.
 Leaders are reward of God to humanity. As well as criterion of immortal is imputed to
their actions and leaders (Faintuch and et. al., 2019).
 The qualities of effectiveness and leadership are autonomous and independent covariant.
The situational factors are like needful and nature of followers. The demand of project
and the socio-economic and generic environment have tiny or no effect on leaders
outgrowth or effectualness.
 The discounts of this conception that person can be trained for assuming roles and
positions of leaderships. This type of qualities is can't be transmitted through
vulnerability and education.
 The inborn leadership qualities are alone and it is essential or enough for a leader to
exercise causing over their followers and to turn prosperous.
Critique of this theory-
It is crystal clear that Great Man theory has no particular empirical and basis validity. It is
more high-risk piece of idea. The weakness of this concept that separate from the uncertainty of
inbuilt traits, is the illogical content that some type of people become successful and great
leaders who are independent of their environmental conditions (Everette, 2019). This theory is
totally ignored by modern and new theorists and even by some leaders themselves.
Trait theory of leadership-
A modification of the Great Man Theory is the Trait theory which debate for leadership
qualities or trait can be assumed. furthermore, They don't need ever be inborn. This hypothesis
states that there are definite recognisable qualities or characteristics which are limited to leaders
11

and those good leaders feature such type of choice to some degree. Those qualities might be non
inheritable or may be acquired through practice and training.
 Intelligence- The good and loyal leaders must be intelligent, brilliants enough to
understand the content or context of their function and position, to appreciation the level
of dynamics of environmental variables, both external and internal. They affect their
activities and to have good orientation of the recent and upcoming dimensions of their
administration.
 Personality- Hence, this is essential that its not be baffled with physical structure. More
than the outside appearance, definite inner- personality qualities which mark out for good
leaders from some others. There are such qualities consider as skill in getting along with
others, discipline, purposefulness, achievement orientation (McKinley and et. al., 2017).
Moreover, extroversions, optimism, strong drive, decisiveness, self confidence, maturity
and emotional stability. Wholeness in character and a inclination to be combined.
These type of qualities attend to support leaders to coordinate efforts of human and organise, to
motivate and guide people in the conditions of tasks. Furthermore, its active concrete goals and
results and create sound decisions. As well as resolve conflict and to manage modification in
organisation.
 Other Qualities- Apart from personality and intelligence dimension. The good leaders
also possess a few main qualities like sense of realism, pragmatism, an abiding interest in
people, objectivity, capabilities to communicate, social sensitivity, scientific spirit, open
mindedness etc.
Limitations of Trait Theory: It described as out-dated by many modern and new theorists who
described this concept:
 It is possible to separate a particular set of traits which can be systematically applied to
leadership crosswise a scope of situations, cases can be mention to demonstrate that
specified ownership of definite trait is not sufficient for one to become a leaders.
 Its not based on any kind of systematic or research improvement of conception and
principles. It is a notional statement which have fails when taxable to verifiable tests
(Graham and et. al., 2015). It is only descriptive theory on how some people come forth
as a leader. It has predictive and instructive belongings.
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 The trait theory is looking -innermost towards the leader alone to the state of affairs of
the group of multitude and situation of task, which are in fact more crucial for leader
effectualness.
The situational Theory of Leadership
This theory punctuate not on their personal trait or qualities of a leader, but on the status
in which they can work. The exponent of this formulation believe that leadership is outstanding
stricken by a position and hold up that major condition form is the ware of situation at a specific
time. A good leader is one who dirt themselves accordant to their needs of given conditions.
This hypothesis endure from the limitations that it neglect to include the information that
in the captious procedure of leadership, qualities of an person and traits of the leader also play an
crucial role. The various style of leadership my be more proper for convinced kind of decision
making (Magee and et. al., 2017). Just for example, in a situation where the leader is the most
experience and knowledgeable member of unit and group, a style of autocratic may be most
suitable. In other position where group members are totally skilled practised, a parliamentary
style would be more impressive.
After informed the style of leadership and defining all the conditions, they will selects the
leader who will acceptable for the situations. There are some ways in which to alteration
effectiveness of leadership are change the leader to fit the situation and other is alter the
condition to fit the leader.
Contingency theory of Leadership
This hypothesis of leadership focus on specific variables associated to the environment
that may find out which exceptional style of leadership is best suitable for the status. In reported
to this theory, no leadership style is better in entire situations.
It suggests that truly affectation leadership is not just about the qualities of the leader, it is
all about dramatic the fine balance between context of use, needs and behaviour. Good leader are
confident to evaluate the necessity of their followers, take shop-worn of the condition, and then
set their behaviour conformity (Lindberg, 2018). Success rely on number of covariant
considering the variety of leadership, choice of the masses and feature of the situation.
13

For example, a individual with overall applicable skill, training in the selling of books,
education, it will prove to be more successful in the field of books marketing instead of the
production the merchandise.
The fundamental to contingency theory is conception of the situation, which is defined by
three factors are:
 Leader- member relations, it bargain with the generic ambience of the group and the
feelings for example trust, confidence and locality that the group to their leader person.
 Task Structure, is associated to duty and challenges clearness as well as the source to
project execution.
 The position power, this collegiate to the amount of wages penalty authority the leader
has over social unit of the group.
These three factors which defined the advantageousness of respective situation in company.
This is work to the support of contingency theory, which suggest that the best leaders are
those who better-known how to follow various kind of leadership in assorted situations (Horn,
2018). These leaders know that just because one formulation to leading activity well in the
foregone time, it does not mean that it will work over again when the state or project is not
identical.
There are several variable which effect Contingency leadership style is include as:
 The speed at which the project should be accomplished.
 An amount of time available to complete the work
 A culture of an organisation
 Level of power given by the position of leader.
 The amount of personal power held by the leader
 Clarity of the task at hand
The Behavioural Theory of Leadership
The disadvantages of the trait theory led to a significant modification in the accent of
leadership formulation. This shift in intensity has started to focus an attending on the real
behaviour. Human activity of the leaders as against private choice or attribute of leaders.
According to this formulation, leadership impact an social relationship between a
subordinates and leader in which the behaviour of the leader towards the inferior appoint the
most captious component (Ezmerli, 2019). The good activeness of the leader increases the
14

disposition, builds up assurance and spirit among the team members and deficiency of good
behaviour will abandonment them as a leader.
As a matter of fact, various kind of theories were created and that leadership approached
from the point of view of real behaviour of leaders. But this hypothesis also suffer from definite
drawbacks. Furthermore, a peculiar behaviour or activity of a leader might be effectual at one
point while the identical most probably non-effective at some other point of time and in different
consideration.
In the behavioural theory, it shows depression as the result of low-level rate of
affirmative strengthen. Accordant to this expectation are based upon the impression that great
leadership are successful, not born. It including the flip- side of the Great Man concept.
Unmoving in behaviourism, this leadership is focusing on the act of leaders, not on the inner
states mental choice. It reported that people acquire to become leadership through with
observation and teaching (Hui and et. al., 2017). It is the grand theory of human improvement
that analyse noticeable behaviour. There three types of behaviour concept of leadership that is
the sociological as well as the second is introspection based and third one is behaviouristic.
Moreover, It go forth as a confederation of category- assorted disciplines.
Change management theories
There are lot of changes occur with in the organisation so to manage these changes there
are some models who work on this. The change management is a time taken process in which
dedication and efforts are necessary to implement the management in changes. Before the
adapting these models, the organisation must understand the cause of change and how the change
can benefited to the organisation. There are some approaches which are adapt by the organisation
to apply the change management and they are described below.
McKinsey 7 S model:- This model is used to determine the design of organisation. This model
manages the consistency of management with incoming and outgoing trend. In this there are 7
key factors which uses in the identification and permit the organisation to achieve their aim.
These key factors are described below. 7 stages are.
Strategy:- This is the first stage of change management which involves the initiation of
idea step by step. This developed by the firm to attain the competitive benefits so that they can
effectively compete in the market (Hale, 2018).
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Structure:- This stage follows on the concept that relates with the manner of divide of
organisation. This also helps to follow the organisational structure. It also provides the
information about the who is responsible to whom.
Systems:- It includes the process and procedures of the company which defines the daily
schedule of an organisation. It helps in find out the operation of business.
Shared values:- In this the standards are occur which guide the activity of employee and
actions of the company as they are the core of any company.
Skills:- It includes the abilities that a worker perform in the organisation. It also includes
the competence behaviour in the organisation which is obsessed by the employee.
Staff:- It includes the staff members of the organisation that how and what capabilities of
employee are required with in the organisation.
Style:- It represents the style of the mangers of the company which includes their action
and interaction to manage the changes.
The benefit of this model is that it combine the emotional and practical factor of change .
This model helps in the life of pregnant women as if any changes can occur with in the diet of a
pregnant women then they deliver the best care to them (Milman and et. al., 2016).
Kotter's change management theory:- This model focuses on the people who are experiencing
the change with in the organisation. This model is basically divided into eight stages which are
described below.
Build a team:- This involves the selection of right people in the team by analysing the
skills, commitment and knowledge of an individual.
Communicate:- It is an important part of the change management theory as it includes
the communication about the detail of changes with in the organisation.
Increase urgency:- This stage involves the awareness of urgency among the individual in
order to motivate them to achieve the objective of the company.
Get the vision correct:- This stage involves the creativity, objective, strategies which
helps in developing the correct vision of the company.
Focus on short term goals:- The good manner to achieve success is to focuses on the
small goals rather than the big one as it is comes with less pressure.
Incorporate change:- The reinforce of managing the change and to make the work area
cultural can bring the management in the company.
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Don't give up:- During the change management, it is important to make consistency in
the work whether the things tough or not (Wadsworth, 2017).
Get things moving:- This stage is necessary to empower the action by providing the
support, to implement the response and other factors.
This model benefits in the pregnancy by adapting the change by pregnant women. This
model focuses on the manager to promote the women to adapt the changes on their daily basis.
ADKAR model:- This theory is goal oriented model which focuses on the possible changes
activities which are directly linked to the desire goals. In this for implementing change, the
individual must get results of the change. This model is used to identify the gap of the change
management so that the required training can be provided to the workers so that they can deliver
further. This helps for the pregnant women by successfully implementing the change. This model
basically based on the five factors which are stated below.
Awareness:- In this the requirement and necessity of the change are included.
Desire:- In this the change is carry out with in the organisation and promote others and
itself to become a part of it.
Knowledge:- The one should have knowledge about the change that how can be bring
this.
Ability:- This refers to the ability which includes the merged with changes on a daily
basis.
Reinforcement:- In this the implementation of change occur and after that it reinforce
also occur.
Kubler-Ross five stage model:- this model state about the mental state of a person which are
occurring through various stages of life. These stages includes the life situation of a pregnant
women such as health condition, changes in their routine which can affect on their emotional
state. So, this model helps the individual to deal with their trauma and in this there are different
stages which are described below.
Denial:- It is the first stage in which the individual deny or doesn't believe the happening
situation. The person suffers from a shock and unable to accept the situation.
Anger:- It is the behavioural state of a person which comes after the absorbing the
situation. This can occur from the emotional state of realizing that the change will going to affect
them and this will reflect anger (Jovanovic-Peterson and Peterson, 2016).
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Bargaining:- In this the bargaining occurs which utilize the best solution of the situation.
It includes the avoid of other changes by the people.
Depression:- After the improper working from bargaining, the people start getting
depressed about the situation and start losing all faith.
Acceptance:- When a person is realise that there is no point of depression then the person
finally accept the situation and take the further step towards it.
Conclusions and Recommendations
As per the above report it can be concluded that, to keep an individual healthy they must
rely on healthy as well as completely balanced diet containing every kind of vitamins, minerals
and essential nutrients. For safeguarding an individual from disorders like cancer, diabetes,
obesity, osteoporosis, heart diseases, blood pressure, high cholesterol it is necessary to have
healthy food filled with necessary nutrients and minerals in adequate ratio.
It can be concluded that the pregnant women being more fragile need more attention and
should be kept secure and stable for keeping the baby firm through healthy diet. A balanced diet
lend equal proportion of nutrition to foetus and mother, they must ingest fruits, fibres,
vegetables, whole grain, cereals, meat products, dairy and poultry stuffs, fish and should drink
lots of water to stay hydrated throughout the day. Chicken and tomato pasta has been considered
as one of the best recipe for pregnant lady to provide pyridoxine, vitamin E and C and other
nutrients to the foetus.
According to the report various recommendations can be drawn out that the pregnant
mother should ingest right amount of calories everyday to keep their as well as the baby's weight
adequate for smooth functioning and life processes. It has been recommended that folate must be
incorporated as a special nutrients in the diet for preventing the baby's birth defects. The items
containing high ratio of folate are strawberries, beans, orange, spinach, cereals, broccoli and
many more. As per evidences it can be recommended that drinks and food like alcohol, fruits like
pineapple and papaya, fish having high mercury content must be avoided throughout the
pregnancy so as to keep the baby as well as the mother's health safe and risk free. Physical
activities also been recommended to reduce leg cramps and backaches. Drinking lots of fluids
and engaging in eating healthy and fresh food assist in keeping the pregnancy overall healthy and
reduce the post issues which may be caused to the mothers who do no engage themselves into
such healthy eating habits.
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