Charles Sturt University: Big Data Application in Smart Cities Project

This project report explores the application of Big Data in Smart Cities, addressing the complexities of modern urban environments. It begins with an introduction to the research domain, followed by a comprehensive literature review that examines various aspects of smart city development and the role of Big Data. The report then delves into a detailed discussion and analysis of the issues existing in modern smart cities, such as increased crime rates, economic crises, environmental pollution, and social conflicts. It proposes solutions leveraging Big Data to tackle these challenges, including smart grids, healthcare, transportation, and governance. The findings highlight the benefits of data analytics in optimizing city operations. The report also acknowledges the risks associated with Big Data implementation. Finally, the project concludes with a summary of the key insights and future directions for Big Data applications in Smart Cities, emphasizing the potential for improved efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life in urban areas. The report includes references and project details, providing a structured overview of the research and its implications.

Running head: BIG DATA APPLICATION IN SMART CITIES
Big Data Application in Smart Cities
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................4
Literature Review............................................................................................................................5
Discussion/ Analysis:.....................................................................................................................12
Findings:........................................................................................................................................17
Issues existing in modern smart cities.......................................................................................17
Solution with the benefit of Big data.........................................................................................18
Risk with the application of Big Data in Smart Cities...............................................................19
Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................20
References:....................................................................................................................................21

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Project Details
Title of the Project: Big Data Application in Smart Cities
Project Blog:
Executive Summary
With the rapid enhancement of human life, everything in the surrounding has become
complicated and more modernized as a result of which the different operations that are taking
place have also changed their pace. Due to this cause, it has now become more problematic to
carry out the complicated city processes with the help of devices in a manual way or by means of
traditional method. With the growth of technology, the information technology era has proved its
competence in every step of life while providing instantaneous solutions to the immediate
problems and that gave rise to the idea of smart city. Smart cities include carrying out and
processing the busy schedule of daily life within a city with the assistance of big data. These data
includes huge and chunks of values that helps in solving issues in a modern way with smart
technologies within the city. While considering these facts, this particular project aims in
providing city solutions based on big data so as to solve the problems that are emerging day by
day in the busy schedule of modern cities.
The findings and the analysis that are being reported in this report majorly concentrates on the
prevalent problems that exists in modern day smart cities. Detailed analysis has been done on the
current solution that exists in modern world so as to serve the smart cities while analyzing their

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architecture so as to increase a improved indication on the impact of Big Data in smart cities and
how it can be used so as to report the emerging problems in smart metropolises. The report
likewise includes engrossment of the optimistic impacts on properly handling the modern city
problems while analyzing methods to optimize Big Data in Smart Metropolises to solve their
issues and problems. The related advantages and disadvantages identified in this area is also
discussed along with the future presentation of Big Data. The entire content of the report will
enable users to increase proper impression on the Big Data Technology and how it can be used to
optimize performance in Smart Cities.

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Introduction:
Through the rapid development of technology along with the residents, the day to day actions
of human beings have developed to be more complex. This complicated state has given rise to
the emergence of state where the modern day activities cannot be controlled with the help of
traditional mechanism that has been used for years. With the emergence of the Smart City
perception, most of the activities that are carried out in cities are generally automated. Hence
maintaining those activities is not possible with the prevalent mechanism as it requires high
monitoring and automation in order to manage the legal systems with the help of Big Data.
However some issues that arises with the Smart City Concept which is as follows:
 Increased Rate of Crime: With the evolution of Smart City Concept, the modern world
has become much efficient to catch criminals in association of modern technology. As the
crime rate rises daily, the cyber delinquents also has access to the present technology
giving them access to invent loopholes to get away from the crimes. As a substitute of
punishing the convicts with the power of integrity it is essential to implement measures to
eliminate the corruptions from the very commencement.
 Unforeseen Crisis in Economy: There are various financial crisis that exists unexpectedly
due to the unmonitored bank deeds, unhandled consequences and other economic
accomplishments. Although the concept of smart city helps in making things easier while
analyzing and finding out the peoples who are not paying their fines, loans while serving
justice to them, it is also important to monitor the techniques used while monitoring and
controlling the process of loan giving, taxes, imports and exports essentially in order to
prevent the economic downfall.

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 Environmental pollution and limited resources: The existence of limited resources and
the gradual increase in environmental pollution has led to the rise of several problems in
the modern day Smart Cities. Hence it is required to adopt an efficient way in order to
identify the bigger resources while applying tax on them, reducing the consumptions and
eliminating the pollution caused as a result of it to the environment by preserving the
resources naturally.
 Internal Conflicts including Terrorism and Racism: For every city it is essential that they
remain united with each other. Hence having a mechanism so as to predict the data
related to racism and terrorism desires to be facilitated in command to meet the
developing obligation for the contemporary cities.
The modern day smart cities are capable of executing a whole lot of daily activities including
fastening the services of governrnent, controlling the road traffics and many more. While
performing this task, maximum of the smart city explanations cannot provide better ways to
handle those tasks and here in comes the context of Big Data. In order to handle the chunks off
data it is important to handle the emerging issues while identifying proper solution for them.
Doing so will help in attaining better solution to serve the purpose of the Smart Cities in a
controlled way.
Literature Review
Article 1: Smart Cities: A detailed review of the business network approach while
discussing the management of organizations (Öberg, Graham & Hennelly, 2017)
The article generally focus on the theme of Smart City while comparing the other
researches in a more business approach way that discusses about the practical background of the

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smart towns. The paper deliberates about the ways by which organizations get managed within
Smart Metropolises. The article also debates about the progress of various extents in the progress
of economy within the city.
Article 2: Big Data, Smart Cities and City Planning (Batty, 2013)
The article illuminates the presentation of Big Data in Smart Metropolises while using
the data for future development of the cities. The article describes the important aspect for a
Smart City planning procedure. The data that gets collected from the conditions at road traffic
can be utilized for identifying the high traffic congested areas and helping in building more
number of roads and lanes as a measure to provide an alternative way. Another way by which
the Big Data can be utilized within Smart Cities include, identifying the market value of the real
estates while controlling the public debt so as to prevent the economic decline.
Article 3: Role of Big Data Analytics in Smart Cities (Hassem et al., 2016)
The editorial focuses on the records that are composed in Smart Cities. As per this artifact,
gathering of information with the assistance of Big Data requires a lot of network connections to
work efficiently. Implementing an improved information gathering technique helps in improving
the efficiency of the collected data so as to analyses them in future. For this purpose, the major
technologies that can be used are as follows:
 RFID
 WiFi
 WSN
 4G LTE
 Ultra wideband

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 Zig Bee
 LTE- A
 Bluetooth
 5G
As per the discussion of the article, the expertise of Big Data can be useful in grounds of-
1. Smart Grid: Here Big Data can be castoff to achieve the use of electricity in Information
Technology.
2. Smart Healthcare: Here also Big Data can be castoff in directive to accomplish the healthcare
activities in an efficient way.
3. Smart Transportation: Smart transportation system I another efficient innovation in case of
Smart Cities and hence application of Big Data in this case will help in managing the road
traffics while collecting traffic data.
4. Smart Governance: Smart Supremacy System helps governments to recognize the benefits that
are common and helps in developing that while working together for the urban and the nation
founded on that.
Article 4: Urban Big Data and the Development of City Intelligence ( Pan, Tian, Liu, Gu &
Hua, 2016)
For every Smart City it is very significant that the city should possess Intelligence in
command to confirm law and order within the city. This particular article mentions to the
perception of Smart City helping in acquiring Intellect while providing proper explanation to the
development of Smart City in China. The particular unit naming “Presentation of big data in

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Urban expansion “reflects on the idea about in what way Big Data can be used in the growth of
Smart Cities while taking in count about the advantages and disadvantages of the existing urban
models. This particular investigation paper promotes the presentation of Big Data in Municipal
city development while improving the community security and city preparation and manufacture.
Article 5: Big Data, Technical Communication and Smart City (Frith, 2016)
The assignment converses about the vital activities that are taken as a measure to practice the
communication that exists between the different smart cities while discussing their drawbacks..
The article also discusses about the ways that can be adopted to achieve better communication
and helping in to improve the correctness and reliability of the analysis of data that are
deliberated. While adopting better communication has the following advantages:
 Accuracy
 Well organized data
 Efficiency
 Acceptance to query
Article 6: Big Data versus Big Government (Hoffman, 2016)
With the increase in the populace of a municipal, the ascendancy of a municipal also
increases. As a result of which the overriding task becomes intricate and becomes indispensable
to be carried out in an efficient way so as to carry out the governing of the activities within a
city. Here Big Data theaters a important role to collect information in the Smart cities and thus
helping in the performance of governance task.
Article 7: The Real Time City? Big Data and Smart Urbanism (Kitchin, 2013)

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This particular article presents a brief understanding on how big data helps in the
development of smart metropolises by enabling actual time analysis of data and providing raw
materials for enacting in an additional efficient and creative way to the daily activities of Smart
City. The key features of Big Data that are mentioned in this paper includes-
 It is huge in volume
 It is more exhaustive in scope
 It is high in velocity
 It has a relational nature.
With all these important features, big data is defined to be enormous, flexible having
dynamic and varied sources through extremely resourceful analysis. The paper discuses about
the real-time analysis methods that can be castoff as a part of city governance while making it
capable to influence the personal interest of human being.
Article 8: A Unified Smart City Model (USCM) for Smart City Conceptualization and
Benchmarking (Anthopoulos, Janssen & Weerakkody, 2016)
The chief determination of this paper is to appraise the dissimilar concepts of smart city
creating a benchmark while evaluating its various concepts. There are 8 dissimilar courses of
smart cities that are described within this article which include-
 Architecture of Smart City
 Preparation and organization
 Data and information
 Vitality
 Environment

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 People
 Health
 Governance
These key modules that are included within smart city concept can be implemented within
the unified concept model of smart city where the Planning, management , governance and the
people are managed with the assistance of Big Data and its respective amenities and facilities
gets dispersed among different areas professionally.
Article 9: Smart City( He, Stojmenovic, Liu & Gu, 2014)
This article contains the rudimentary description on smart city and its various uses in
contemporary world.
Article 10: Smart city with Chinese characteristics against the background of big data:
Idea, action and risk (Wu, Zhang, Shen, Mo & Peng, 2018)
Chinese development has led to the growth of technologies related to contemporary smart
city. Along with urbanization, modernization has also led its way. With the emergence of new
complexities in modern world, new problems are also emerging day by day. In order to address
these problems, new innovative ways are emerging as a result of it. This particular paper reflects
the key ideas that are obligatory in command to develop Big Data in smart cities. The paper
discusses two different aspects such as-
 A perspective City: It is a type of city that is modernized in nature and could be managed
and understood. This concept is known as the city with awareness.

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 A system of schemes: A city is comprised of multiple schemes that interacts with each
other and is an vital component for the presence of the city.
Some of the issues that contribute to the developing of a city including the Chinese features
in contradiction of the context of big data are mentioned as follows:
 Rational planning of the infrastructure
 Effective execution of the material purpose of the city
 Formation and expansion of the long-term mechanism.
Some of the risks that are associated within the Smart City including the Chinese aspects
include-
 Lack of clearness while processing administration credential dealings
 Risk of maintaining safety of information.
Article 11: Smart City, Safety and Security (Lacinák & Ristvej, 2017)
The discussion within this entire investigation lacks the importance of security that
should be given to evidence in the smart city concept. Smart cities are capable of gathering
potential information from all the citizens of a city. These information consists of individual
information that needs safety. This investigation aims at discussing the developing disaster and
their respective techniques in order to manage these risks.
Article 12: Smart Cities, Big Data, and Sustainability Union (Kudva & Ye, 2017)
It is evident that sustainable development within cities helps in attaining better future for
the nation. Implementing Big Data in smart city helps in leading a city towards sustainable
development while managing the data efficiently. Smart cities have started emerging in such a