This essay provides an overview of the Bill of Rights and its significance in protecting individual liberties within the American government. It discusses the arguments between Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding the inclusion of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution, emphasizing the Anti-Federalists' desire to limit government power and safeguard individual freedoms, including freedom of speech. The essay also highlights key civil liberties, such as freedom of religion and protection against unreasonable searches, and explores how the Supreme Court has expanded these liberties through landmark cases like Miranda v. Arizona. Furthermore, it touches on the 14th Amendment and its role in granting citizenship and discusses the balance between government surveillance and individual privacy, concluding with a note on corporate contributions to politicians. Desklib offers a wealth of similar student-contributed assignments and study resources.