SRR720: BIM Technology and Construction Risk Management Project

This research project proposal focuses on the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in construction risk management. The study aims to investigate how BIM can be utilized to reduce and manage risks within the construction industry. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data to analyze the effectiveness of BIM in mitigating risks. Key aspects covered include clash detection, constructability analysis, cost and time estimation, and team collaboration. The proposal also highlights the benefits of BIM, such as improved project delivery, waste reduction, and better stakeholder control. The research identifies both technical and procedural challenges associated with BIM implementation, including data sharing issues, skill gaps, and the absence of standardized legal definitions. The literature review explores existing studies that demonstrate BIM's effectiveness in safety planning and risk mitigation. The proposal concludes with a discussion of the scope and significance of the research, emphasizing its potential to enhance project outcomes and improve the construction process.

SRR720 Assignment 3 Submission Template
Research Project Proposal
SRR 720 Research Methodology
(50% of Total Grade)
Student Name:
Student No.:
Course:
Research Title: (The Application of BIM Technology
Construction Risk Management)

I. ABSTRACT/SUMMARY:
This paper focuses on risk management as the research topic and concentrates by
the use of Building Information Management. BIM is being applied in industrial
construction for risk management and its research is growing by the minute. On the
other hand, it is observed that risk management via BIM still has a narrow area of
application. Therefore, this paper has its aim to research how to reduce and
manage the risks in the construction industry through risk mitigation via the risk
management implementation techniques. The research identifies mixed method
research methodology as a better approach that synthesizes the broad
technological aspects combining them as quantitative and qualitative data to
investigate realized gaps. The research’s intuition is the existence of risk
management methods when integrated into BIM platforms as well as an active BIM
and risk information linkage establishment for the supportive project life cycle.
II. THE PROPOSAL
A. An Opening Statement:
Risk management has become one main an increasingly important subject when
Architecture Engineering Construction sector is concerned since it minimizes the
occurrence possibilities of improved safety, hazards and quality when achieving
goals of projects given that there are tight cost and budget plans (Hardin &
McCool, 2015). Though various technologies have been devised to help in such
work, it is known that the latest risk management is being characterized by the
usual manual experience based undertaking that relies on multidisciplinary
knowledge and the capture of fragmented information taken from a number of
volunteers who correctly solve risk problems. This becomes challenging. In the
process, Building Information Modelling is recently growing to become one main
discussed model in relating publications as an innovative risk management
change in construction projects. Not only is BIM digitalized in the presentation of
physicality and functionality characteristics of the buildings but also have
repository establishment in sharing knowledge to form an established reliable
decision-making model. The BIM concept makes use of all the relating designs in
the field (Zou & Yosia, 2015). Operation and construction within the model were
developed to implement communication platform workability. From the project
management point of view as well as the construction practice with the main
interest is being changed and risk integration in management via BIM. The
negative consequences that arise such as financial losses and delays that lead to
disadvantages, especially, concerning public projects invested into raised doubts
how and whether the BIM principles implemented in project management can be
improved. Activities that associate with construction project risks collaboratively
interact as one main important BIM promises (Mosey, 2019). Construction
professionals’ collaboration has been the big promise since the BIM discovery.
This collaboration is best made firm and accomplished through firm project
knowledge management.
B. Research Significance & Scope
Building Information Modelling can be known as the digitally, reliable 3D virtual
project representation used in building and developing construction planning and
scheduling, design decision-making construction project maintenance and cost
estimation (Shehata & Rodrigues, 2018). BIM can also be defined as an example
of a computer-aided model software that is used in managing information

regarding construction projects that focuses on communication, production and
building information model analysis. Murgul (2018) shows the introduction of the
new software as one of the virtual building solution. The Archicad technology was
the highlight of drastic CAD program improvements in that since its development,
there has been numerous three-dimensional project model software (Mahdjoubi,
et al., 2015). Modelling through BIM came after the Autodesk software release.
On this note, the construction of projects has been constituting of major pars
regarding disciplines on cost, variety and amount. The range of projects from the
retail projects or small residential projects to mega projects, regardless of the
scale used in construction, one has to be able to manage it (Yi, 2019).
Construction project management requires modern management knowledge in the
understanding best applicable to the process of construction. Hence, the use of
BIM modelling makes use of organizational management, technology or
procedures as well as new methods and features. Construction projects would,
however, experience difficulties when using other methods of construction with the
use of BIM (Kensek, 2014). Hence, this research looks to get rid of integrating BIM
with various software platform and knowledge.
Technical BIM Aspects
There are specific features that BIM impose to effectively be implemented within
project management. These characteristics involved within the technology can be
put in a summary as follows:
 Clash detection
The common problem relating to planning disciplines in construction projects
is the inconsistent geometrical designs (Talamo & Atta, 2018). This problem
occurs during overlaps between plans coming from various disciplines. When
BIM is used, there is an increased possibility of bringing plans together as
well as detecting the capability of clashing. The software modifies the
aesthetic nature of problems through visual inspection (Pittard & Sell, 2017).
 Constructability
BIM use enables the possibility of fro project teammates to handle and review
constructability issues as well as promoting issues if need be (Mordue, et al.,
2015). Additionally, BIM allows the provision of visual information in a vantage
point of view for problem display. The markup accompanies the visual
information for additional investigation to find solutions hence, mitigating risks.
 Analysis
The help project designers, managers and engineers get from BIM increases
the analyses and the ability to make decisions (Sacks, et al., 2018). The link
capability of BIM to appropriate tools makes it possible to analyze
consumption of energy in projects and later devise solutions for example
changing orientation and material, space and mass. Also, mechanical, light
and acoustic analyses can be some through BIM.
 Cost and Time estimation
Cost and time estimation are BIM features that enable visualization of project
managers in project construction at any time and produce a clear project
phase understanding (Thor & Ingi, 2018). These features are mostly referred
to as 5D and 4D are properly utilized in projects’ first stages thereby
facilitating ample decision-making ability with least time and cost needed.
Also, the simulation capability of BIM ensures the existence of alternatives in
the construction of projects to help managers as well as executives to have
reliable predictions for the chosen decisions (Garber, 2014).
 Integration
Team members are able to interact and deal in a unified model whereby
composite models can be developed from amalgam models of different
disciplines. This capability helps in ensuring coordination throughout various

phases of projects, analysis as well as construction activities. Project delivery
has integrity.
 Quantity Take-Off
The quantity take-off of BIM is important when a manager and team members
are analyzing the project decisions (Kensek, 2014). The BIM technology
increases reliability and clarity in insights to different design phase
alternatives or successfully completing the life cycles of projects. Since
integration is quite possible between the databases and BIM models contains
faster accurate estimation and cost estimation. Moreover, takeoff items are
easily procured.
 Element Base model
BIM models mostly are made up of objects as opposed to geometries for
example lines or surfaces, the entire model can be partitioned into distinctly
numbered small objects. Such breakdowns enable clear development of
project scopes. The elemental distinction will lead to better design
management, construction and estimation (Murgul, 2018).
 Team Building and Collaboration
Team building and collaboration is one more important aspect of BIM
successful implementation in construction projects. Every effort that different
specialties make in projects become unified and later used within the model
(Mosey, 2019). The outcome is a correspondent team building feature. All the
partition have the ability to add information to one model. A teamwork relation
with effective collaboration. A mix of activities known to build successful
projects through BIM.
 Communication
The natural feature for the unified BIM model modifies, inputs and analyzes
the BIM data in models improves ways of communicating and collaborating
between the involved parties in the project’s construction (Hardin & McCool,
2015). The technique includes project architects, engineers, managers and
contractors. The unique facilitations from building models increase
communications throughout the project while reducing the dispute instances
by various parties.
BIM Benefits
Different project management construction sources have advantages that are
important when using BIM. They include (Pittard & Sell, 2017):
 Hastened project delivery.
 Better project performance and quality.
 Waste reduction.
 Improved project collaboration as well as stakeholders control.
 New business and revenue opportunities.
 Decreased construction costs.
BIM comes in to centralize the repository allowing everyone concerned with
the construction of projects when accessing similar data versions, hence,
reducing risk due to poorly communicated information by project managers
(Hardin & McCool, 2015). The BIM concept, design and feasibility analysis.
The result is increased quality and performance building as the major
advantages coming from the use of BIM in pre-construction phases. There is
more accurate design visualization in automatic low-level correction important
for necessary changes, earlier multiple design collaboration in parties and 2D
generated drawings (Mordue, et al., 2015). The cost estimation is improved
for extraction in designing stages, sustainability improvement and energy
efficiency.
BIMs have the ability to synchronize designs and construction plans, design
error detection and omissions. The design model is utilized fully on the basis

of fabrication components and lean construction technique implementation
during the construction phase. To add more, BIM increases the ability of
facilities to be operated and managed properly (Pittard & Sell, 2017).
BIM Challenges
One majorly discussed the topic is the personal belief of the BIM software
towards risk management. Recently, there has been an indication of the
inability of project team members to really believe and accept the BIM
importance and the advantages during construction phases. The outcome is
doubted to be unsatisfactory. Also, there are showed proofs of top rated BIM
areas in investment in hardware and software having challenges in BIM
procedures and workflow, also in the education of BIM use. The challenges in
using BIM can be presented and grouped into (Mosey, 2019):
 Technical challenges that mostly are issues and conflicts involving the
sharing of data in BIM software or team members.
 Training and skills challenges in that most project team members fail to
improve their skills.
 Procedural and legal challenges which refer to the absence of legal
and standard BIM definition of professional responsibilities.
 Cost challenges in that most of the times construction firms are
hindered from upgrading or changing their systems to the BIM platform
systems.
Literature Review
Talamo and Bonanomi (2015) have a report on cases of BIM being used for
management and safety planning. For example, the Abu Dhabi Yas Island
used BIM modelling for the construction of spaces that were used as welding
areas by the welding crews. During this construction, clash detection method
was implemented in determining possibilities of the welding crews being
endangered from falling objects since other crews were moving around too.
Williams (2015) describes the use of BIM as a safety-related activity. The BIM
in this source is used for site layout as well as anti-crane collapse planning.
Additional use was safety rail modelling, visualization of wall demolition,
safety model design checking and integrated fall protection that merges with
formwork planning. They give testament regarding the good demonstrations
shown by BIM-based safety use as an effective tool for communicating and
discussing issues relating to safety in the work sites by the project managers,
workers and site superintendents.
Issa & Olbina (2015) add their share on results coming from the safety risk
level studied in every scaffold building stage through the projects’ life cycles.
BIM was being used during masonry wall building and helped in mitigating
various risks and other elating issues through suggestions gotten from BIM
models. There were four different stages that were conducted in the research
for determining risks before they were implemented as measures of
mitigations through BIM. The used BIM implement the 4D integration in
coming up with safety ideas, therefore, the built scaffolds built were safer as
the building project developed through the construction cycle. Taking
information from these findings, it was concluded that the 4D element of BIM
can be used in safety management monitoring as well as reducing
associating safety hazards that come across from the built scaffolds.
Khan (2018) adds to indicate the direct collision detection save capability of
BIM projects, whereby, the major advantage that BIM added was an
increased level of accurate risk management. However, there exist issues in
the integration ability of BIM risk management in projects for sufficient project
completion as described by the author. To begin with, the study looks into the
methodological risk integration as well as managing change for BIM projects.

When implementing BIM, one encounters difficulty due to the need for
genuine integration and cooperation of numerous work systems and sub-
sectors. With the assumption that BIM has the ability to provide a holistic
management approach, the projects can entirely be constructed in every
stage. The project’s documentation authors, the investors, clerk workers,
project supervisors and construction workers are made aware of the important
management of risks as well as being alerted of the issues’ methodical
approaches.
Considering the risk management model that was considered in the UK
Treasury department, the importance of the learning and communication
process, there exists an understanding of the good practices and experiences
collections (Mordue & Finch, 2014). Around these important notations, there
are continuing activities that relate to the identification of risk, evaluation and
analysis together with the monitoring and response planning. Various types of
risks occurring in projects interact with one another and should be solved
using complex management and decision-making activities. Methods for
managing projects have been used over the years and are known with the
assumptions that there exists good communication as one important factor
that make an effective technique of managing risk in systems. The
consultation and communication quality within the projects’ stakeholders have
a direct effect on risk management effectiveness.
The risk management issue in various projects is extensively explained.
Although (Tam et al., 2018) presents various concepts and definition that
concern the BIM subject, there still misses a systematic approach regarding
the issues on risk within the construction industry practice whereby risk
management and practice have a dependency on intuition, experience and
judgment. Construction industries are filled with many risks compared to other
activities done in the industrial environment that come from the distinct nature
experienced in the building of projects. The distinct industrial construction
nature are industry are;
 The specific characterization of every work is done on construction
sites.
 Time to time interference nature of the environment as well as the
influential factor from topographical, climatic and hydrogeological
conditions.
 The very long duration taken once the investment is done in
implementation and preparation.
 The long stretch life cycle together with higher capital demand.
 The diversity that comes with the complexity of the work.
 The distinct logistics considered by subcontractors and suppliers who
frequently change the requirement to move resources.
 Huge energy and workload consumption.
 The close cooperative need between the participants involved in
construction.
These distinct factors have a connection insignificant variety and numbers
affecting the risk factors, hence, the need for comprehensive response and
assessment planning. Also, (Kumar, et al., 2018) took the chance of
classifying these factors taking considerations of the effect on risking a
construction’s project main parameters that include cost, quality and time.
Such risk can then be grouped into subsequent phases that are involved in
the life cycle of projects. Lingard and Wakefield (2019) suggests that
construction projects risks are to be categorized into the following three
categories;
 Distinct organizational risk.

 General risk.
 Distinct technical risk.
Risk Management Considered in Knowledge Management
The process of developing, capturing, sharing and effective multi-disciplinary
experience and knowledge use considered as Knowledge Management.
Looking at the AEC industry, valuable experience and knowledge taken from
completed academic studies and projects are able to add to the significant
ability of risk management in future projects. Effective management of similar
nature has enormous human knowledge database and experience as well as
possessing accurate and flexible data extraction ability that allows successful
preconditioned risk management technique. It is very important to use,
manage and communicate data effectively in the life cycles of projects.
Hence, knowledge Management is able to facilitate storage of information in
proper communicated, structure and reuse effectively.
Some studies such as Garrigos et al. (2018) have realized such ideas and
made use of KM when managing their project risks. Take an example the
framework for risk management that utilizes the KM concept seen in Wu et al.
(2017) which describes projects that use a common language, making use of
the identical structural hierarchical-risk breakdown as well as managing risk
repository-based management regarding technology databases. Identically,
Powers et al. (2018) proposed risk management that are configurable for
various process models and integrates it into processes in projects’ life cycle.
Mutis and Hartmann (2018) advanced management of the KM theory involves
the development of web-based decision programs that are supported by the
ToolSHeD. ToolSHeD core principle entails proper structure building with
regard to safety risk obtained from existing knowledge stored in industrial
standards, national guidelines and various sources of information which are
employed when assessing risk on safety if the construction process is
complicated.
In mitigating against safety risks in construction, Sanchez et al. (2016) comes
in developing a constraint model and dictionary that store suggestions from
construction workers and formalized suggestions. Afterwards, the rule-
checking software is implemented in evaluating and checking the safety within
the BIM construction workers. Therefore, there is a provision of approaches
that optimize drawings and eliminate the site hazards construction in early
stages. Also, Holzer 2016 has an integrated BIM and KM application that
investigates an idea for detecting root causes of failure thereby helping in
Facility Management for solving and identifying problems by technicians from
the perpetual and cognitive reasoning. Computerized Maintenance
Management System is integrated with BIM for the purpose of storing
maintenance and inspection data. The major principles existing in the
established studies are:
 Effective extraction management of fragmented expert via KM through
experience and knowledge. This facilitates the proper structure of
storing data, communicating and reusing it.
 BIM has a primary repository for data sharing knowledge thereby
forming a dependable decision-making basis.
 BIM’s visualization capability can be used in helping decision makers
or technicians in implementing the early risk prevention and
identification strategy as well as plan refining.
Summary
Looking at the reviewed literature, there exists a number of gaps that are in
the BIM integration concept (Chiabert et al. 2018). These non-existing
theories include the absence of BIM and KM integration management support

in multi-disciplinary knowledge for managing risk, non-existent BIM theory
alignment with the general management of risks considering various methods
which support a project’s development process and a non-existent colour and
standard scheme for visualized support in BIM.
Existing Gap
This research gives a highlight of the questions arising within the construction
industry on the involved risks as well as mitigation techniques issues
(Benetto, et al., 2018). There has been widespread attention regarding BIM
use in engineering, construction and architecture industry. However, the
present efforts that involve practical and theoretical importance in the industry
are still under prototyping and conceptual stages and have not been widely
implemented or tested in practice.
Therefore, there are two major gaps that the current BIM risk management
technique can be expanded.
There are a short number of theories explaining how traditional methods can
be aligned with BIM to facilitate better risk management.
The platforms in the BIM design lack modules to use when identifying,
analyzing and documenting information risks. Many current sources that use
BIM in managing risk related technologies have been focusing on new
developments in the context of technology improvement. However, there is
small knowledge on the merging of BIM with traditional methods of managing
risks or applied work processes of the organisation.
Existing BIM solutions are limited in their support regarding risk information
and communication management when developing a project process.
Design tools relating to BIM are failing to support the management and
generation of risk information once a project begins a development process.
Additionally, the BIM standards present such as the Industry Foundation
Classes fail to define management risk ideas to schemas. A proper BIM
feature should be able to provide a supportive platform for dynamic
construction project processes through using, storing and digital information
management (Papadonikolaki, 2016).
C. Aims & Objectives
The major aim of this paper is to look into the risk within the construction industries by
using the risk managements and methods of implementation that mitigate risks. The
following are the two major research objectives that were formulated from the existing
reviewed literature relevant to the risk management construction projects. The
literature presented the processes and traditional methods or the BIM-related methods
used in various studies’ vulnerability. Hence the need for;
 Objective 1: What way can enable BIM to align with the existing techniques
used in the projects’ construction risk management?
 Objective 2: What way can risk information and knowledge be managed as well
be visualized within the BIM platform during a development process in
projects?
These two objectives are linked to one another. Objective one explores the what, why
and how the present risk management methodologies can align with known BIM
technologies and objective 2 instils the investigation of how the risk data and
knowledge generated within industrial construction may be managed and visualized
within the same BIM platform.
D. Methods
To connect the state-of-art introduction and literature review within this document, this
section will contain an introduction and later discussion of methodologies involved in
studies as well as identify the chosen study method for this paper. There is an
overview of the research method approaches commonly used in the construction field

before a justification content on the mixed methods of research in achieving the
identified research objectives.
Types of Available Researches
Research involves a procedure for examining and enquiring technique on systematic
bases through disciplined methods with the aim of discovering unknown relationships,
developing more knowledge and using the knowledge for devising better applications.
The approaches in research could vary between or within science, humanity and
technology in a number of ways relating to epistemologies. The chosen researching
approach will define the modes or means of collecting data, analyzing and how the
obtained results can be presented and concluded.
Researching in the digital data technologies for domain construction does not restrict
to technical questions, similar to the engineering study: there are various aspects
involved. For example technology, engineering, management and social science.
Research within digital technologies should be able to explore theories with important
fundamentals explaining gaps and obstacles. The research will use ICT approaches
as beginning study points for developing solutions which improve automation,
digitalization, productivity and collaboration in the digital technology context for the
construction industry. A good research design seeks answers, preconditioned, for the
research objectives and validates the results, in that, the important steps lie in the
rational justification and selection of research methods Creswell & Poth, 2016).
Though there are various techniques for categorizing researching methods and
numerous approaches are evolving from the history’s point of view, especially given
that in the past research used to follow natural science methods, the scientist of today
looks to classify researching methods into three types: quantitative, qualitative and
mixed methods. The main differentiating factor between quantitative and qualitative
researching methods shows the consideration of non-numerical information presented
in qualitative studies through open-ended questions discovering underlying patterns
and meanings. The other involves manipulation and numerical representation of
observations that describe or explain the observations’ phenomena (Creswell, 2014)..
Although, quantitative and qualitative researches should not be taken as opposite
polar since it would be more accurate when research becomes more qualitative than
full of quantity or the other way round. The mixed method is a methodology that has
both the quantitative and qualitative factors, it lies in between.
Qualitative methodology
This type of research procedure was first devised for the society since field to
understand and explore the social phenomena in the humanity problem. This
technique is known to be made up of numerous research methods. The researching
process takes into account the procedures and emerging questions allowing data
collection through subjective ways, inductive data analysis and developing
interpretations for meaningful data generation through themes. Qualitative method of
researching is therefore used in careful collection and examination of data under a
well-organized guideline that better understands and explains the phenomenon.
Qualitative researching will get to the point of referring to relatively wide encompassed
methodologies and is now being used to develop both natural science and social
science. Qualitative research is contemporarily featured with a specific turn to more
postmodern, interpretive as well as critical practices (Poth, 2018. It is also best
identified with five major used paradigms: post-positivism, positivism, constructivism,
critical theories and cooperative paradigms. There exist numerous qualitative
researches that relate with the qualitative paradigms: such as phenomenology,
epistemology, critical theory, grounded theory, action research, case study, visual
analysis, participant observation and discourse analysis.
Quantitative Methodology
Quantitative research is usually contrasted with qualitative methodology and usually
entails systematically investigated in an observable phenomenon through processing,

collecting data and analyzing data through relevant mathematical, statistical or
computational methods. Quantitative researches test the objectives of theories if not
discovering the underlying relations through analyzing and examining variables.
Therefore, there is a requirement that the chosen variables are able to be measured
or counted to produce numerical data interpreted and analyzed by statistical methods
(Creswell, 2014).. The technique was past developed within the natural science fields
for studying natural phenomena and is considered to be very old. The major belief in
this methodology is its integration of principal stresses and causation objectivity,
repeatability and measurability which involve problems that address reductionism.
Hence, the researchers are expected to stay away from using objective data research
processes and unbiased results that describe the reality’s generality.
(Creswell & Poth, 2016)showed a summary of the major branches in the quantitative
research which include descriptions, predictions, quasi-experimental, meta-analysis
and single subjects. According to (Poth, 2018)the approaches considered in
quantitative studies are broken down further into smaller levels that include laboratory
experiments, survey, structured observations, mathematical modelling and statistics.
Mixed method Methodology
Mixed method technique which is also known as the hybrid method involves
approaches that investigate a collection of the quantitative and qualitative data,
whereby, the data are integrated from a number of sources. Additionally, the
technique follows a well-designed framework in theory when examining complex
phenomena. The mixed approach involves a combination of both quantitative and
multi-qualitative information. The main assumption for the development of this
research type is for the production of a complete and accurate understanding when
researching complex phenomena. The mixed method has an advantage that
counteracts the inherent threats to generality, validity and reliability, thereby,
overcoming the intrinsic biases from observed phenomena. Taking from (Creswell,
2014) research design involving mixed methods have three main forms. They are
could be explanatory sequential mixed techniques, convergent-parallel mixed
techniques or exploratory sequential mixed technique. The latest advanced types in
this methodology involve transformative mixed technique, embedded mixed technique
and multiphase mixed technique.
Adopted Methodology
This research chooses the mixed method techniques since this research is
constructed, relying upon inter-disciplinary areas that cover numerous aspects. For
example, the research covers technology, engineering, social science and
management. One major reason in explaining this type of methodology is its sense of
unique construction projects due to the complex nature of the manual process
involving engineering knowledge, human efforts, experience-based decision-making
and operation and use of instruments. Researching this area does not purely involve
management or engineering, it does not deal with one aspect regarding problems.
Data can be collected in both the quantitative and qualitative ways from the different
sources available (Creswell, 2014).
Numerous researchers are tending to use mixed method technique in guiding
research when intending to gain a complete or better understanding, especially in
researches involving construction management. Take the example Walker and Lloyd-
Walker (2015) that contains the employed mixed method technique when developing
the framework for researching the HIPPY model guide that realized doctoral research
that integrates process and product information system modelling used in onsite
construction.
The overall methodology and main idea are to address the objectives as well as the
aim of this research. In overcoming the knowledge gap when managing risk
knowledge as well as information regarding the use of BIM models, there exists a
discussion of the techniques used in managing risks which are best integrated into

BIM to produce a BIM-based system for managing risk. This research closely relates
to the two major aspects: data risk management from knowledge-based ideas and
data risk integration into BIM by ICT involvement enables the technology. A mixed
method technique will synthesize both sides of the aspects and will make use of
quantitative and qualitative techniques when investigating a solution when observing
issues (Creswell & Poth, 2016)
CIFE Horseshoe Model
The guiding technique employed is similar to the CIFE Horseshoe Method that was
devised by the Center for Integrated Facility Engineering. This guide defines the
framework structure for planning and managing theoretical research within the
construction industry. Using the decide framework, the big intuition seeks to explain
the nature of the problems at hand as well as the Point of Departure that links to the
intuition. There is a description of the known matter in the solving of problems and the
relevant basic theories applicable as the starting points for supporting the
development of the research. Validation would then make the research result reliable
as well as being able to prove the findings (Creswell, 2014). The research objectives
will be answered. Using the established validation, approaches or theories can then
be claimed?
The figure above shows the CIFE Horseshoe model
The used research methods in this research are listed below:
 Industry experts’ interviews.
 Literature review.
 Prototype evaluation and modelling.
 Concept modelling.
E. Timeline:

F. Conclusion
Building Information Modelling has become a subject that many publications are
looking forward to describing using different perspectives. The model’s
technological capabilities support design processes since there exists 4D, 3D as
well as 5D modelling reports when using BIM (Linkov & Palma-Oliveira, 2017).
Attention comes in describing the benefits of BIM. Primarily, there is an economic
nature target when one uses BIM. BIM assumed applications during
implementations in designing project phases encourages investment in construction
projects with the very high aspect of final successful infrastructure or facility
operation. While there have been cited practices of BIM use in Western Europe for
a very long time, the technology still is an innovation in most part of the world
(Mahdavi, et al., 2014). BIM projects using risk management methods, therefore,
becomes one important and interesting issue. It is important in the developmental
and practical points of view when theoretical project management is involved.
Publications that manage to describe BIM have the pleasure of illustrating the risk
issue in the BIM implementation context in organizations. BIM is seen to have the
capability of being a risk source (Bittencourt, et al., 2016).
In contrast, there lacks a deep analysis regarding the systematic integration of the
various areas of improvement in project management via the use of BIM. There
lacks deep information regarding methods, procedures and risk management
techniques (Smart & Creelman, 2013). This article comes in reviewing research
publication and results to set a direction for a deeper BIM implementation research.
Broadly, the areas that the paper identifies to be important for improvement in the
construction management are risk management and communication, modelling
using innovative modern information technologies a significant practical and
execution development process (Packer, 2016).
In conclusion, the paper has a significance in proposing frameworks and approaches
enabling BIM software improved for better risk analysis, identification as well as
information management during development processes in projects. This is
summarized as (Crotty, 2013). The new design can come from BIM improvement in
management, design and communication capabilities. These features allow team
members to implement risk analysis and identification in their daily activities.There is
an outlined risk management framework that supports prototype development in
enabling users to incorporate 3D, 4D or 5D features in BIM.

Findings
This research will be looking to find highlights of gaps when implementing BIM
technology in risk management systems (Briscoe, 2015). Additionally, the paper will
be looking to find ways that allow the integration of risk management and BIM
systems for the purpose of drawing more advantages, therefore, mitigating more
risks within the construction industry real world. Form the literature reviewed, there
are more efforts towards prototyping and conceptualization techniques that
overcome flaws observed from using the traditional methodologies in BIM platforms
in various project development stages. Solving such technological differences due to
advances in technology would be one way of integrating traditional construction
method into BIM platforms (Shepherd, 2015). Moves will be made to heed the
example seen in spatial visualization and dynamic modelling which facilitates early
and easy risk identification within the BIM method technology. Knowledge
Management incorporation is key.
Discussions
Through the literature review scrutiny, it was seen that there were knowledge gaps
existing within the BIM technology when implemented in the construction industry for
risk management (Chau et al. (2017). For example, there were few theories that
helped explain how one may use BIM in implementing traditional techniques or
traditional working processes. Also, the latest BIM solutions have been identified to
be limited to risk information communication and sharing when the project is being
developed. These gaps are to be discussed further with the aim of overcoming the
limitations in using BIM, therefore, developing possible methodological alignment of
traditional methods for BIM uses. This would be a step towards improving the risk
management process (Kersten, 2014)
III. THESIS OUTLINE: (10%)
A. Introduction & Background: Risk Management with BIM Technology
1. Sub-categories:
Opening Statement
Research Significance and Scope
2. Preliminary literature review
3. Problem Statement (BIM alignment with traditional techniques and use of risk
management information)
4. Research Aim & Objectives
5. Suggested mixed-method research to reduce the risks in the construction industry
via BIM. B. Method: (mixed-method Research)
1. Sub-categories
Qualitative methodology
Quantitative Methodology
Mixed-method technique
2. Evaluation Method (Mixed-method technique)
3. Approach (CIFE Horseshoe Model)
C. Background, History and Literature Review: (BIM Study)
1. Sub-categories: CIFE Horseshoe Approach
2. Summary
BIM has been known for its importance in risk management and this paper
will be increasing BIM’s efficiency by looking for ways of incorporating other
Knowledge Management techniques.
D. Discussion
The paper seeks to solve the gaps within the BIM technology, making use of
the CIFE horseshoe structure when conducting a mixed method research

E. Conclusion
Ultimately, BIM should be able to incorporate some knowledge management
techniques to its design during usage.

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