BIOL121 Worksheet: Human Biology - Immunity, Muscles, Blood

This biology worksheet, designed for BIOL121, delves into various aspects of human physiology. It begins by exploring the types of immunity, differentiating between non-specific and specific immune responses, and examining scenarios related to bacterial infections and viral replication. The worksheet then examines the properties of adaptive immunity, such as versatility and memory, at a cellular level. Further questions address bone cell function in relation to parathyroid hormone, muscle hypertrophy, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system's role in blood pressure regulation, including the effects of aldosterone deficiency. The assignment also covers the effects of alcohol on ADH secretion and urine output, the genetic basis of haemophilia, and the mechanics of inhalation and gas exchange in the lungs. It concludes with questions on blood transfusions, the role of baroreceptors in vasoconstriction, and the pressure-volume relationships in the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle, requiring the identification of valve positions and their effects on blood flow.