Psychology Essay: Biological and Behaviorist Approaches to Psychology

This essay provides a comparative analysis of the biological and behaviorist approaches in psychology. It begins by defining psychology and its goals, then delves into the core principles of each approach. The biological approach emphasizes the role of biological processes in psychological phenomena, while the behaviorist approach focuses on observable behaviors and environmental influences. The essay highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, including the deterministic nature of the biological approach and the emphasis on learned behavior in the behaviorist perspective. It discusses key concepts such as classical and operant conditioning within the behaviorist framework, and the influence of genetics, hormones, and neurochemistry in the biological perspective. The essay also presents a conceptual model of biosocial dynamics and concludes by emphasizing the importance of both approaches in understanding human behavior and mental processes. The report references several academic journals and books to support its analysis.

Psychology
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INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
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INTRODUCTION
Psychology is defined as the study of behaviour and mind; it is basically a comprehensive
discipline that involves different type of fields of study like social, behaviour, human
development cognitive and clinical processes (Hart, Jelalian and Raynor, 2020). According to
the analysis it has been identified that there are four main goals of psychology that are to
describe, explain, predict and change mental processes and behaviour of others. It has been
identified that psychology is mainly aimed to be effectively able to predict future behaviour from
the findings of pragmatic research. In these report formative discussions has been conducted on
two approaches of psychology that is biological approach and behaviourist approach. In addition
to the clear expression of logical structure and ideas of both of these approach is being included
in this report.
Biological approach and behaviorist approach in the essay
A day to day existence course viewpoint is basic in biological research since results
anytime determines the result of earlier communications among biological and social powers
that generally happens crosswise human turn of events (Poole, Anaya and Pérez-Edgar, 2020). It
has been evaluated that a psychology research is the behaviorist perspectives which is a simply
objective exploratory part of common science. Its hypothetical objective is the expectation and
control of conduct. Contemplation shapes no fundamental piece of its strategies, nor is the
logical estimation of its information subordinate upon the availability with which they loan
themselves to translation as far as awareness.
The Behaviourist way to deal with learning contemplated changes in conduct that are
brought about by an individual's immediate encounter of their current circumstance, utilizing the
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standards of old style and operant molding to clarify them (Cook, Zill and Meyer, 2020). The
Behaviourist methodology put forth an intentional attempt to be logical, and subsequently
wouldn't talk about mental cycles that may be engaged with learning since they are not
recognizable and couldn't be concentrated equitably (Adrian and et. al., 2020). Furthermore, it
has been evaluated that, behaviorism is the possibility that brain science should be restricted to
what it can legitimately notice: conduct and the boosts that drive conduct (Walsh, Wells and
Gann, 2020). A behaviorist way to deal with considering a mental wonder would be founded on
contemplating discernible practices and the noticeable things that cause those practices.
Behaviorist clarifications of the marvel would not depend on depictions of inward cycles, such as
intuition, since those are not legitimately discernible
While on the other hand if it is talked about, biological Psychology research it basically
takes the point of view that pyschological measures (for example thinking) are established in
science, and spotlights on the manner in which natural cycles cause and interface with mental
cycles. Methods like estimating neural movement via EEG or fMRI are normal, as seem to be
(non-human creature) considers that include more intrusive control of neural tissues. A
biological physiology research way to deal with examining a mental wonder may distinguish
specific examples of mind action that are identified with the marvel, hereditary corresponds, or
neural instruments that offer ascent to the wonder. In addition to this, it has been underlined that,
biological psychology takes the perspective that pyschological processes (e.g. thinking) are
rooted in biology, and focuses on how biological processes cause and interact with psychological
processes (Bland and DeRobertis, 2020). Techniques like measuring neural activity through EEG
or fMRI are common, as are (non-human animal) studies that involve more invasive
manipulation of neural tissues. A biological psychology approach to studying a psychological
phenomenon might identify particular patterns of brain activity that are related to the
phenomenon, genetic correlates, or neural mechanisms that give rise to the phenomenon.
According to the analysis it has been underlined that key strengthen that has been hold by
biological approach is that, this approach is basically deterministic. This is a quality since it
improves the probability of having the option to treat individuals with irregular conduct and
gives clarifications about the reasons for conduct. This agreement would then be able to be
utilized to improve individuals' lives (Korzeniowska and Sułkowski, 2020). However, if it is
talked about biological approach weaknesses it is basically underlined as nomothetic. This is a
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shortcoming since it creates speculations about issues and sums them up to be valid to
everybody. It doesn't consider the view that people are exceptional. A case of this is that General
Adaptation Syndrome expects that everybody reacts similarly to push. While this has been
evaluated that it basically do not undertake that few individuals have more amount of help as
compared to others.
In addition to this, it has been evaluated that the behaviorist methodology accepts that all
form of behavior is basically learnt via operant as well as traditional molding. Traditional
molding is learning all the way through affiliation, where an unbiased improvement turns into an
adapted upgrade when joined with an unconditioned boost (Beerse, Van Lith and Stanwood,
2020). Though operant molding is learning through fortification, there are three kinds of support,
encouraging feedback, negative support and discipline
However, this is being evaluated that one of the most important and key aim of negative
as well as positive reinforcement is to make expansion of a specific conduct, anyway the
primary objective of discipline is to diminish a specific conduct (Stanton and et. al., 2020).
Behaviorist additionally accept that conduct should possibly be examined in the event that it very
well may be noticed and estimated in this manner dismissed contemplation and they likewise
accept that learning is the equivalent in all species consequently creatures can supplant people in
test research.
Along with this, this is being underlined that most important and sole differentiation among
behaviorists and biological approach is that in context with biological methodology it basically
emphasize upon nature perspective, as this methodology accepts that conduct is controlled by
qualities, hormones and neurochemistry (Šlipogor and et. al., 2020). While if it is talked about
the behaviorist methodology it is mainly having confidence in a sustain perspective as this
methodology accepts that all our conduct is found out via environment. One major comparability
among the biological and behaviourist methodology is that they are both deterministic and infer
that people have no unrestrained choice. Another likeness between the organic and behaviorist
methodology is that, both of these approaches is having logical implication to make significant
improvement in human quality of life (Robinaugh and et. al., 2020). Mentioned below there is a
conceptual model being defined which mainly defines dynamics that shape the brain and body of
the individual across all stages of the life course.
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Figure 1: Conceptual model of the biosocial dynamics that shape the brain and body of the
individual across all stages of the life course.
Source: Self generated
Thus, according to the above mentioned analysis it has been evaluated that, both social as
well as biological phenomena are basically perceived as determinants of human turn of events,
wellbeing, and financial accomplishments over the existence course, however it has been
determined that understanding of the basic pathways and cycles stays restricted (Mico and et. al.,
2020). However, as to effectively deal with this gap, "biosocial approach" is being characterized
as the social as well as biological as commonly establishing.
CONCLUSION
According to the above mentioned report it has been concluded that both biological and
behaviorist approach plays most important roles. Furthermore, it has been underlined that these
approaches have their own set of practices and importance upon individual life cycle. These
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approaches underlines formative conceptions through which proper understanding of behavior as
well as mindset of individuals can be determined in a well define and effective manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Hart, C.N., Jelalian, E. and Raynor, H.A., 2020. Behavioral and social routines and biological
rhythms in prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity. American Psychologist, 75(2),
p.152.
Poole, K.L., Anaya, B. and Pérez-Edgar, K.E., 2020. Behavioral inhibition and EEG delta-beta
correlation in early childhood: Comparing a between-subjects and within-subjects
approach. Biological Psychology, 149, p.107785.
Cook, A.S., Zill, A. and Meyer, B., 2020. Observing leadership as behavior in teams and herds–
An ethological approach to shared leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(2),
p.101296.
Mico, J.C and et. al., 2020. Biology and personality: a mathematical approach to the body-mind
problem. Kybernetes.
Šlipogor, V and et. al., 2020. Personality method validation in common marmosets (Callithrix
jacchus): Getting the best of both worlds. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 134(1),
p.52.
Bland, A.M. and DeRobertis, E.M., 2020. Humanistic perspective. Encyclopedia of personality
and individual differences, pp.2061-2079.
Korzeniowska, D. and Sułkowski, Ł., 2020. Going beyond cognitive approach to behavioral
stream in economic sciences: Behavioristic and evolutionary perspectives. Journal of
Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 16(2), pp.13-36.
Walsh, A., Wells, J. and Gann, S.M., 2020. Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches. In Correctional
Assessment, Casework, and Counseling (pp. 177-198). Springer, Cham.
Montiglio, P.O., Gotanda, K.M., Kratochwil, C.F., Laskowski, K.L. and Farine, D.R., 2020.
Hierarchically embedded interaction networks represent a missing link in the study of
behavioral and community ecology. Behavioral Ecology, 31(2), pp.279-286.
Hasson, U., Nastase, S.A. and Goldstein, A., 2020. Direct fit to nature: An evolutionary
perspective on biological and artificial neural networks. Neuron, 105(3), pp.416-434.
Mansell, J., 2020. Causation and Behavior: The Necessity and Benefits of Incorporating
Evolutionary Thinking into Political Science. Social Science Quarterly, 101(5), pp.1677-
1698.
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Stanton, K and et. al., 2020. Transdiagnostic approaches to psychopathology measurement:
Recommendations for measure selection, data analysis, and participant
recruitment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(1), p.21.
Beerse, M.E., Van Lith, T. and Stanwood, G., 2020. Therapeutic psychological and biological
responses to mindfulness‐based art therapy. Stress and Health.
Adrian, M and et. al., 2020. Behavioral assessment of emotion dysregulation. The Oxford
Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation, p.377.
Robinaugh, D.J and et. al., 2020. The network approach to psychopathology: a review of the
literature 2008–2018 and an agenda for future research. Psychological Medicine, 50(3),
pp.353-366.
Strapasson, B.A. and de Freitas Araujo, S., 2020. Methodological Behaviorism: Historical
Origins of a Problematic Concept (1923–1973). Perspectives on Behavior Science, pp.1-
15.
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