Comparative Analysis of Biological Processes in Biology Assignment

This assignment provides a comparative analysis of several key biological processes and concepts. It begins by differentiating between mitosis and meiosis, highlighting their roles in asexual and sexual reproduction, respectively, and the resulting differences in chromosome numbers. The paper then contrasts phenotype and genotype, explaining how phenotype represents the observable physical traits of an organism, while genotype refers to its underlying genetic composition. Further distinctions are made between homozygous and heterozygous traits, and dominant and recessive alleles. The assignment concludes by exploring the differences between genetic disorders, which stem from gene mutations, and chromosomal abnormalities, which involve defects in chromosomes, illustrating their potential impacts with examples like Down syndrome and Turner syndrome. The assignment is well-structured and includes references to support the information presented.

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Title:
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The following section of the paper reflects a comparative analysis of different
biological behaviours thoroughly.
Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis is defined as a process of asexual reproduction. In this process, the cell gets
divided into two producing a replica and each resulting diploid cell consists of equal number
of chromosomes. On the other hand, meiosis is a cellular reproduction process. In this
process, number of chromosomes is reduced by half through the separation of homologous
chromosomes. As a result it produces two haploid cells. For example, mitosis replicates the
somatic cells of the body and whereas, gametes are produced in meiosis (Ohkura, 2015).
Difference between Phenotype and Genotype
The phenotype is basically the physical appearance of an organism and on the other
hand, genotype is the genetic composition of an organism. Phenotypes are always observable
as we can notice one’s eye colour, hair colour, weight, height, skin colour and others. But, the
genes, responsible for such characters present in the DNA cells can never be noticed.
Therefore, example of the phenotype is eye colour but the gene behind such character is the
example of the genotype (Adilardi, Ojanguren-Affilastro & Mola, 2016).
Difference between Homozygous and Heterozygous
Homozygous is a trait when diploid organisms carry two copies of gene that are
identical alleles and it brings similar individuals. It is pure for a trait produces only one type
of gametes. Again, if the diploid organisms carry two copies of gene which are different
alleles are called heterozygous (Adilardi, Ojanguren-Affilastro & Mola, 2016). It brings
dissimilar individuals and rarely pure. Also, it produces two different types of gametes.

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Example of Homozygous is RR with identical alleles and example of Heterozygous is Rr
with two different alleles.
Difference between Dominant and Recessive
When one member of a pair of gene expresses itself over the other one, then it is
called dominance. Dominant gene, trait or allele Recessive allele on the other hand, is unable
to express its effect in the presence of dominant allele. For example, the red colour flower in
pea is the dominant allele and the white colour flower in pea is the recessive allele (Adilardi,
Ojanguren-Affilastro & Mola, 2016).
Difference between Genetic disorder and Chromosomal abnormalities
Genetic disorder is a defect of gene which occurs due to mutation or any other
reasons. On the other hand, chromosomal abnormality is the disorder or defect of
chromosome. Genetic disorders may be harmless but chromosomal abnormalities may cause
different physical and mental challenges. Down syndrome is an example of genetic disorder
and turner syndrome as well as klinefelter syndrome is the example of chromosomal
abnormality (Wang et al., 2016).

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References
Adilardi, R. S., Ojanguren-Affilastro, A. A., & Mola, L. M. (2016). Sex-linked chromosome
heterozygosity in males of Tityus confluens (Buthidae): a clue about the presence of
sex chromosomes in scorpions. PloS one, 11(10), e0164427.
Ohkura, H. (2015). Meiosis: an overview of key differences from mitosis. Cold Spring
Harbor perspectives in biology, 7(5), a015859.
Wang, W., Cortes, J. E., Tang, G., Khoury, J. D., Wang, S., Bueso-Ramos, C. E., ... & Hu, S.
(2016). Risk stratification of chromosomal abnormalities in chronic myelogenous
leukemia in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Blood, 127(22), 2742-2750.