CRIM 1150: Biological Theory of Crime, Its Consequences and Prevention

This essay critically examines the biological theory of crime, its application, and its consequences within the context of Canadian criminology. The paper begins by defining crime from various perspectives—legal, political, and sociological—before delving into the core principles of the biological theory. It highlights the significance of genetic and constitutional factors in shaping criminal behavior, emphasizing the brain's role and the potential for inherited tendencies. The essay explores the application of this theory, citing examples from genetic studies and their implications for understanding violent crime. It then discusses the consequences of the biological theory, including its impact on crime causation and the need for preventive measures. The paper suggests that the government should take a proactive approach to tackle the root causes of crime, by analyzing and surveying criminal behavior and implementing targeted policies such as RCMP in suspected areas. It also advocates for the use of treatment and social programs, rather than solely relying on harsh punishments. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of the biological theory in the structure of the Criminal Justice in Canada and its preventive methods, stressing that a comprehensive approach, combining biological and sociological perspectives, is crucial for effective crime prevention.

Running head: BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF CRIME, ITS CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTION
0
BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF CRIME, ITS CONSEQUENCES, AND PREVENTION
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author’s note:

1BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF CRIME, ITS CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTION
Introduction
Social commentators have thought that the persons in society have been instantaneously
concerning, as well as repulsing by any crime, specifically severe crimes, which have involved
extreme private ferocity. In legal perspective crime means, a human behavior, which has violated
or attempted to violate any criminal law of the federal state, a state, or local or provincial
jurisdiction that has such powers of making anti-criminal laws (Chaney, & MacDougall, 2019).
From a political perspective, the term crime means a result of some standards, which a dominant
group or groups have constructed as the law, and it has used for labeling some unwanted
nominated forms of conduct or behavior as unlawful and illegal (Munksgaard, & Demant, 2016).
In such a sociological perspective, crime is an inconsiderate turn of nature that its suppression is
essential and thought to be essential for such conservation or protection of the structure of
society. There are various theories or thoughts regarding crime, such as psychological,
biological, social process, social structure, or theory of social conflict. This paper aims to discuss
critically biological theory of crime, its application, and its consequences.
Discussion
Theory
According to C. Bernard Gesch regarding the biological theory of crime is that the
evidence is increasing that hitting poor fuel hooked on the brain expressively affects the social
behavior of a person, as well as a criminal (Gesch, 2017). The reason for such upliftment of this
theory is that the academic roots of contemporary criminology are resolutely beached in social
disciplines. The major principles of this theory are discussed here. Firstly, the theory has noted

2BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF CRIME, ITS CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTION
the brain as an organ of such a mind, as well as the locus of such personality of a person.
Secondly, basic factors of human conduct and criminal bents are to a substantial degree,
genetically or constitutionally centered. Thirdly, this theory has observed racial and gender
differences in types and rates of criminality, at least moderately, the outcome of such biological
dissimilarities between groups of racially distinct, as well as between such genders (Rafter,
2017). Fourthly, most of the human demeanor is fundamentally entrenched in such automatic
behavioral reactions, which are distinctive of biological creatures in all places. Fifthly, one of the
fundamental factors of such human behavior, containing delinquency, may be distributed from a
generation to another generation; in other words, it may be a tendency of crime, which may come
inheritably. Sixthly, such biological origin of human conduct has become progressively masked
because contemporary systems of unintended sensitive behavior have substituted more direct and
primitive. The major theorists of this theory are Cesare Lombroso, Franz Joseph Gall, Ernst
Kretschmer, and many others. Other approaches, such as physiological theory, the social theory
regarding criminal behavior as this biological theory is based on the root of human nature and
mind. The criminology field has been careful regarding giving credibility to such biological
theories of social behavior towards any crime.
Application
In a newspaper article regarding the biological theory of crime, a genetic study of around
900 offenders have been discovered that two inheritable factors are associated with each other in
a violent of any crime. In that study, it has seen that the genes have been conducted almost 13
times of probable and almost the same crimes, which are one of the histories of frequent violent
behavior of persons. According to Melissa Hogenboom, the author of that article that almost 10%
of every severe crime accredited to persons with the same type of genetics (Hogenboom, 2020).

3BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF CRIME, ITS CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTION
This biological theory of crime in one of the important, as well as applicable in actual crimes in
the territory of Canada. A twin may be acted as same for their same genetic nature. This theory
may be applied to identify any criminal behavior of a person whose generation is related to any
criminal behavior. It can not always be said that every crime should be in the genetic nature of
individuals.
There are several theories of crime, which may be applied for discussing such criminal
behavior of any individual or any group of persons. For identification of any criminal, the
sociological theory may be applied as in the broader sense; the criminals live in a society or
community.
Consequences and Prevention
The biological theory of crimes has recommended such criminal behavior of a person as
this theory can help to analyze any criminal behavior of any suspect or criminal. The Biological
theory of crime has held that delinquency is a consequence of various interactive tendencies,
which are hereditarily determined, as well as focused on corporeal features or are determined by
external and internal aspects that shake such body chemistry (Fox, 2017). Some researchers have
recommended that a predilection for an offense may be innate, genetic physiognomies, and
deviations of human genes or chromosomes show an imperative role in such crime causation or
action. It has been widely recognized that the same type of chromosomes may act as same, and
there is a tendency if one person has done any criminal act, then the other has done the same. To
prevent such criminal behaviour of persons, the authority should be more careful towards them
(Goldberg, Jadhav, & Younis, (2017). The administration should take family details of the
accused and should try to prevent such criminal behavior from the root. The theorist for
preventing any crime has suggested that the governments should go outside such law

4BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF CRIME, ITS CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTION
enforcement, as well as criminal justice for tackling such risk factors of causing offenses because
it will be more effective and indications to better social reimbursements than such usual ways of
countering to delinquency (Milloy, 2017). If the theorist is appointed as an in-charge of the
Criminal Justice System in Canada or as an advisor to the Prime Minister, then he will
recommend the government to take the survey of such criminal behavior of persons, as well as
should appoint experts to treat the suspects carefully. The government should develop several
policies such as should appoint Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in suspected areas of
crime, any person who is an owner of a firearm, must register it, must renew firearms licenses,
maintain checking of criminal record books and many others (Peters, & Cohen, 2017). The
government of Canada should increase various social programs. The theorist should not
recommend any harsh punishment as it might not cure any criminal activity any person following
this biological theory. There are several crimes, such as kleptomania, which may not be cured by
any severe punishment; it may be cured by the help of proper treatment.
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded in this context that the biological theory of crime and its
consequences, as well as prevention, is one of the important theories of the structure of Criminal
Justice in Canada. The biological criminal behavior can be prevented by such preventive
methods, such as the help of proper care of the accused or by medical treatment of them. From
this perspective of crime, the policies of the government will help to reduce such criminal
behavior of individuals.

5BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF CRIME, ITS CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTION
References
Chaney, M., & MacDougall, A. F. (Eds.). (2019). Security and crime prevention in libraries.
Routledge.
Fox, B. (2017). It's nature and nurture: Integrating biology and genetics into the social learning
theory of criminal behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 49, 22-31.
Gesch, B. (2017). Nutrition and Delinquency. The Encyclopedia of Juvenile Delinquency and
Justice, 1-7.
Goldberg, D., Jadhav, S., & Younis, T. (2017). Prevent: what is pre-criminal space?. BJPsych
bulletin, 41(4), 208-211.
Hogenboom, M. (2020). Two genes linked with violent crime. Retrieved 21 March 2020, from
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29760212
Milloy, J. S. (2017). A national crime: The Canadian government and the residential school
system (Vol. 11). Univ. of Manitoba Press.
Munksgaard, R., & Demant, J. (2016). Mixing politics and crime–The prevalence and decline of
political discourse on the cryptomarket. International Journal of Drug Policy, 35, 77-83.
Peters, A. M., & Cohen, I. M. (2017). The mandate and activities of a specialized crime
reduction policing unit in Canada. Police Practice and Research, 18(6), 570-583.
Rafter, N. H. (2017). HJ Eysenck in Fagin’s kitchen: The return to biological theory in 20th-
century criminology. In Biosocial Theories of Crime (pp. 131-150). Routledge.