Biology Presentation: Disease and Body Defence with Examples

This biology presentation delves into the multifaceted world of diseases and the human body's defense mechanisms. It begins by differentiating between infectious and non-infectious diseases, providing examples of each, such as measles, chickenpox, diabetes, and cancers, and explaining their causes. The presentation then explores the causative agents of infectious diseases, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, illustrating how each impacts the host and spreads. Furthermore, the presentation examines genetic and autoimmune diseases, highlighting their origins and examples. A critical segment discusses the immune system's role, detailing how antibodies and white blood cells combat pathogens. The presentation also addresses risk factors influencing disease spread, such as climate and sanitation, and control methods like good hygiene practices. Finally, it touches on the use of antibiotics, their benefits, and potential dangers, providing a comprehensive overview of disease and body defense.

Biology Assignment
Biology
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Question one
 The infectious diseases are those diseases
that are caused by organisms like viruses,
bacteria and parasites or fungi.
 As an illustration, some of the infectious
diseases can be passed from one individual
to the other. However, some are transmitted
by bites from insects and others by ingesting
contaminated food or water.

Question one
 Measles and chickenpox are good examples of
infectious diseases (Cooke and Hill, 2001).
 The non-infectious disease is termed as
diseases which are contagious since they
cannot spread from an individual to the other.
There is no virus or bacteria. They are however
caused by other factors such as the genetic
environment. Examples are diabetes, cancers
and allergies’ (Gubler 2001).

Question one
 Genetic diseases are caused by the whole or part of
the change in the DNA sequence. These disorders
are usually caused by a mutation in one gene or
multiple. Examples of genetic diseases are obesity
and heart diseases (Heimann 2016).
 Autoimmune disease is defined as the illness which
occurs when the healthy tissue gets destroyed the
body's immune system. Examples in this category
are type 1 diabetes and sclerosis (Otti, Tragust and
Feldhaar 2014).

Question two
 The bacteria are single-celled
microorganisms and usually survive without
the host. Example of disease here is cholera.
 The virus usually enters the host and hence
take over the cells (Cook and Zumla 2008).
They have genetic code in small piecies and
often invade a host and attaches themselves
to a cell.

Question two
 They, therefore, release the genetic material
which forces the cell to replicate and hence it
multiplies. It releases new cells when the cells
die which then infect other cells. An example
of a disease, in this case, is Influenza.
 The parasites usually reproduce by spreading
of the single-celled spores. A good example, in
this case, is the ringworm.

Question two
 The importance of infectious disease
worldwide is the increased level of financial
support which recently combined with the
technological advances to provide
extraordinary opportunities for research
(Okhuysen and DuPont 2010).

Question Three A
 The immune system usually utilizes the
antibodies together white blood cells to
locate and get rid of organisms which get
through the natural barriers of the body
(Chapman and Hill 2012).

Question Three A
 However, the role of the immune system is
to provide protection to the body from being
infected with disease or any other
potentially damaging foreign bodies.

Question Three B
 Some of the risk factors that can increase
the spread of disease are climate, water
supply and even sanitation facilities.
 The control methods such as good hygiene
practices usually avoid coming in contact
with the bacteria (Burgner, Jamieson and
Blackwell 2006).

Question Three C
 The antibiotics usually attack the disease
process by destroying its structure and the
ability to divide or reproduce. The advantage
of antibiotics is that at times they are
prescribed to prevent the disease from ever
occurring. The dangers of antibiotics are that
they can cause stomach discomfort, loose
stool and skin rashes.

Reference list
 Burgner, D., Jamieson, S. E. and Blackwell, J. M. 2006. Genetic susceptibility to infectious
diseases: big is beautiful, but will bigger be even better?. The Lancet infectious
diseases, 6(10), 653-663.
 Chapman, S. J. and Hill, A. V. 2012. Human genetic susceptibility to infectious
disease. Nature Reviews Genetics, 13(3), 175.
 Cook, G. C. and Zumla, A. 2008. Manson's tropical diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences.
 Cooke, G. S. and Hill, A. V. 2001. Genetics of susceptibility to human infectious
disease. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2(12), 967.
 Gubler, D. J. 2001. Human arbovirus infections worldwide. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences, 951(1), 13-24.
 Heimann, P. 2016. A combination of defence mechanisms in paranoid states. New
directions in psycho-analysis, 240-265
 Okhuysen, P. C. and DuPont, H. L. 2010. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC): a
cause of acute and persistent diarrhea of worldwide importance.
 Otti, O., Tragust, S. and Feldhaar, H. 2014. Unifying external and internal immune
defences. Trends in ecology & evolution, 29(11), 625-634.
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